Varró P, Szemerszky R, Bárdos G, Világi I. · 2009
Researchers exposed whole rats or excised rat brain slices to a 50 Hz electromagnetic field at 250–500 µT to examine effects on synaptic efficacy in the central nervous system. Slices treated directly ex vivo showed a decrease in basic synaptic activity, observed as a diminution in amplitude of evoked potentials. Following whole-body exposure, enhanced short- and long-term synaptic facilitation in hippocampal slices and increased seizure susceptibility in neocortical slices were observed. The researchers noted that the overall changes may strongly depend on the synaptic structure and neuronal network of the affected region, together with the specific spatial parameters and constancy of the EMF.
Coşkun S, Balabanli B, Canseven A, Seyhan N. · 2009
Researchers exposed guinea pigs to 50 Hz magnetic fields (like power lines) for four hours daily over four days. Both continuous and intermittent exposure increased cellular damage in blood, liver, and brain tissue, showing that even brief magnetic field exposure can trigger harmful stress responses throughout the body.
Varró P, Szemerszky R, Bárdos G, Világi I. · 2009
Researchers exposed rat brain tissue to 50 Hz magnetic fields at power line levels. The exposure altered how brain cells communicate and increased seizure-like activity. This suggests electromagnetic fields from power infrastructure may affect brain function, though effects appeared temporary.
Dimbylow PJ, Nagaoka T, Xu XG. · 2009
The study compared foetal specific absorption rate (SAR) across three sets of pregnant female computational models. The models included a 26-week foetal model from the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, and models at 13, 26, and 38 weeks from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. FDTD calculations were performed at a resolution of 2 mm for a plane wave with a vertically aligned electric field incident upon the body from the front, back and two sides from 20 MHz to 3 GHz under isolated conditions. The researchers compared external electric field values required to produce the ICNIRP public exposure localized restriction of 2 W kg(-1) when averaged over 10 g of the foetus with the ICNIRP reference levels.
Cvetkovic D, Cosic I. · 2009
Researchers tested whether a series of extremely low frequency magnetic field exposures at 50, 16.66, 13, 10, 8.33, and 4 Hz could alter relative power within corresponding brainwave bands. Thirty-three human subjects were tested under double-blind and counter-balanced conditions. Narrow alpha1 and alpha2 bands were significantly lower than control over temporal and parietal regions during the first exposure session, then significantly higher than control during the second session. The beta1 band showed a significant increase from before to after the 13 Hz first exposure session at the frontal region.
Cvetkovic D, Cosic I. · 2009
Researchers exposed 33 people to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ranging from 4 to 50 Hz) and measured their brain waves using EEG. They found that specific magnetic field frequencies could alter brain wave patterns in corresponding frequency bands - for example, 10 Hz magnetic fields changed alpha brain waves (8-12 Hz). The changes depended on timing and sequence of exposure, suggesting these fields can influence brain activity in predictable ways.
Mizuno Y et al. · 2009
This was the first study to investigate the effects of the third generation system on regional cerebral blood flow in humans, comparing W-CDMA electromagnetic field exposure versus sham exposure. Nine healthy male volunteers participated and underwent PET scans before, during, and after 30 minutes of unilateral EMF exposure. The subtraction analysis showed no significant regional cerebral blood flow changes from the EMF conditions compared to sham exposure.
Janać B, Tovilović G, Tomić M, Prolić Z, Radenović L. · 2009
Serbian researchers exposed rats to power line frequency magnetic fields (50 Hz) for up to seven days. The exposure significantly altered serotonin brain receptors that control mood and behavior, with effects becoming stronger over longer exposure periods. This suggests household electrical fields may impact brain chemistry.
Unknown authors · 2009
The study examined the effects of pulsed EMF at 2.45 GHz and 2.8 mW/cm(2) on postnatal neurogenesis in newborn (P7) and senescent (24-month-old) rats. Two exposure patterns were compared: short-term exposure of 2 days at 4 hours per day and long-term exposure of 3 days at 8 hours per day, each followed by acute (24 hours) and chronic (1-4 weeks) post-irradiation survival periods. The EMF exposure induced significant age- and dose-dependent changes in proliferating cell numbers within the rostral migratory stream. The authors concluded that concerns about EMF risk from electrical equipment and communication sets are justified regarding early postnatal neurogenesis.
Unknown authors · 2009
Slovak researchers exposed newborn and elderly rats to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation (the same frequency as WiFi and microwaves) for 2-3 days and found significant disruption of brain cell development. The study showed that electromagnetic field exposure interfered with neurogenesis (new brain cell formation) in age- and dose-dependent ways, with effects lasting weeks after exposure ended.
Güler G, Türközer Z, Ozgur E, Tomruk A, Seyhan N, Karasu C · 2009
Researchers exposed guinea pigs to a 50 Hz, 12 kV/m electric field for 7 days, 8 hours per day, and measured protein carbonyl content (PCO), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) in liver, and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) in plasma. They also assessed hepatic hydroxyproline levels to study protein synthesis. Exposure to the electric field did not significantly change PCO, AOPP, or 3-NT levels compared to controls. However, liver hydroxyproline was significantly reduced in the exposed group. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) administration significantly altered PCO, hydroxyproline, and 3-NT levels.
Sannino A et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed human dermal fibroblasts from a healthy donor and a Turner's syndrome donor to 900 MHz RF radiation for 24 hours using a GSM-like signal at 1 W/kg, and Turner's syndrome fibroblasts were also exposed for 1 hour. For RF exposure alone, DNA damage was assessed with the alkaline comet assay and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. RF radiation alone caused no genotoxic or cytotoxic effects in either cell line. MX increased DNA migration in the comet assay, but RF exposure did not enhance this MX-induced DNA damage.
Sannino A et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed human skin cells to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation (the same frequency used by GSM cell phones) for 24 hours at power levels similar to phone use. They found no DNA damage from the RF radiation alone, and the radiation did not make cells more vulnerable to damage from a known cancer-causing chemical. This suggests that cell phone-level RF exposure may not directly break DNA strands in human cells.
Brescia F et al. · 2009
Researchers measured reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human lymphoblastoid cells exposed to a 1950 MHz UMTS signal at Specific Absorption Rates of 0.5 and 2.0 W/kg. Exposures ranged from short durations of 5 to 60 minutes up to 24 hours, and the study also tested RF radiation given before or at the same time as ferrous ions. RF exposure did not increase ROS formation or affect cell viability, and combining RF with ferrous ions did not produce more ROS than ferrous ions alone.
Brescia F et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed human immune cells to 1950 MHz cell phone radiation (the frequency used by 3G networks) to see if it would trigger oxidative stress, a cellular damage process linked to aging and disease. They tested various exposure durations and power levels, both alone and combined with iron compounds known to cause oxidative stress. The study found no increase in harmful reactive oxygen species or cell death from the radiation exposure under any conditions tested.
Shckorbatov YG et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed isolated human buccal epithelium cells to microwaves of frequency 35 GHz at a surface power density of 30 microW/cm(2). Chromatin state was examined by light and electron microscopy, and membrane integrity was assessed with vital indigo carmine staining. Microwave exposure induced chromatin condensation, and the extent of condensation depended on wave polarization. Linearly polarized waves also caused cell membrane damage, shown by increased vital dye staining.
Sharifian A, Gharavi M, Pasalar P, Aminian O · 2009
Researchers measured antioxidant markers in 46 spot welders occupationally exposed to extremely low frequency magnetic fields and compared results with a non-exposed control group. In the red blood cells of exposed workers, SOD activity decreased by 22% and GPX activity decreased by 12.3%, both statistically significant. Total serum antioxidant status showed no significant difference between the two groups. The researchers concluded that ELF-MF could influence red blood cell antioxidant activity and might act as an oxidative stressor.
Zareen N, Khan MY, Ali Minhas L · 2009
Embryos exposed for 10 post-incubation days showed decreased retinal growth and mild epithelial pigmentation. Extending exposure to 15 post-incubation days reversed growth retardation to enhancement and shifted pigmentation from mild to intense. The authors concluded that mobile phone EMF causes derangement of chicken embryo retinal differentiation. Retinal thickness and epithelial pigmentation grades were statistically compared between control and experimental groups.
Cao Y, Zhang W, Lu MX, Xu Q, Meng QQ, Nie JH, Tong J. · 2009
In this study, exposure to 900-MHz EMF expanded γ-ray damage to SHG44 cells. Preexposure EMF enhanced the decrease in cell proliferation induced by γ-ray irradiation and the rate of apoptosis. The combination of EMF and γ-ray exposure resulted in a synergistic effect by triggering stress response, which increased reactive oxygen species, but the expression of hsp70 at both mRNA and protein levels remained unaltered.
de Tommaso M et al. · 2009
Researchers tested how 900 MHz cell phone signals affect brain electrical activity by measuring a specific brainwave pattern called contingent negative variation (CNV) in 10 volunteers. They found that both active phones and sham phones (with internal circuits running but no RF emission) reduced brain arousal and expectation responses compared to phones that were completely off. The study suggests that both the GSM radio signal and the low-frequency magnetic fields from the phone's battery and circuits can alter normal brain function.
Garaj-Vrhovac V, Gajski G, Trosić I, Pavicić I · 2009
The animals were irradiated for 1h a day for 2 weeks at a field power density of 2.4W/m(2) and a whole-body average specific absorption rate (SAR) of 0.6W/kg. Both the standard comet assay and the Fpg-modified comet assay detected increased DNA damage in blood leukocytes of the exposed rats. The significant increase in Fpg-detected DNA damage suggests oxidative stress is likely responsible, while DNA damage detected by the standard comet assay indicates other mechanisms may also be involved.
de Tommaso M et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed 10 healthy volunteers to 900 MHz GSM cell phone signals and measured brain electrical activity using event-related potentials. Both active phones and sham phones (with electromagnetic power dissipated internally) reduced brain arousal responses compared to phones that were completely off. This suggests cell phone exposure affects brain electrical activity and attention processing.
Zhijian C et al. · 2009
Researchers used the in vitro comet assay to determine whether 1.8-GHz radiofrequency radiation can influence DNA repair in human leukocytes exposed to X-rays. Leukocytes from four young healthy donors were intermittently exposed to RFR at a SAR of 2 W/kg for 24 hours with fields on for 5 minutes and off for 10 minutes, then irradiated with X-rays at doses of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 Gy. DNA damage was measured at 0, 15, 45, 90, 150 and 240 minutes after X-rays using percent tail DNA, and repair speed was assessed via DNA repair percentage. The results showed individual differences in DNA repair speeds among the four donors. Intermittent RFR exposure did not directly induce DNA damage or show synergistic effects with X-rays.
Unknown authors · 2009
French researchers exposed genetically modified mice prone to ALS (Lou Gehrig's disease) to 50 Hz magnetic fields at power line frequencies for 7 weeks before disease symptoms appeared. The study found no evidence that magnetic field exposure accelerated disease progression, affected motor function, or shortened lifespan in this animal model.
de Gannes FP et al. · 2009
This study examined whether a 2-hour exposure to GSM-900 mobile phone signals would cause blood-brain barrier permeability changes and neuronal degeneration in rats, as previously reported by Salford et al. The researchers exposed rats at various SAR levels and evaluated outcomes at 14 and 50 days post-exposure, finding no statistically significant albumin leakage, neuronal degeneration, or apoptotic neurons across tested groups, contradicting the earlier findings.
