Personal Device EMF Research

Biochemical Modifications and Neuronal Damage in Brain of Young and Adult Rats After Long-Term Exposure to Mobile Phone Radiations.

Motawi TK, Darwish HA, Moustafa YM, Labib MM. · 2014

Effects of short-term radiation emitted by WCDMA mobile phones on teenagers and adults.

Choi SB, Kwon MK, Chung JW, Park JS, Chung K, Kim DW. · 2014

Two volunteer groups of 26 adults and 26 teenagers were simultaneously investigated by measuring physiological changes in heart rate, respiration rate, and heart rate variability for autonomic nervous system (ANS), eight subjective symptoms, and perception of RF-EMFs during sham and real exposure sessions. Short-term WCDMA RF-EMFs generated no significant changes in ANS, subjective symptoms, or the percentages of those who believed they were being exposed in either group.

Analysis of rat testicular proteome following 30-days exposure to 900 MHz electromagnetic field radiation.

Sepehrimanesh M, Kazemipour N, Saeb M, Nazifi S. · 2014

Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 900 MHz EMF radiation for 1, 2, or 4 hours per day for 30 consecutive days. Testes were analyzed using high-resolution 2D electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS. Thirteen proteins were found only in sham or exposure groups, including heat shock proteins, superoxide dismutase, and peroxiredoxin-1. The results suggest that 30-day EMF exposure induces nonthermal stress in testicular tissue.

Analysis of rat testicular proteome following 30-days exposure to 900 MHz electromagnetic field radiation

Sepehrimanesh M, Kazemipour N, Saeb M, Nazifi S. · 2014

Researchers exposed male rats to cell phone radiation (900 MHz) for 1-4 hours daily over 30 days and analyzed changes in testicular proteins. They found 13 proteins that appeared or disappeared after exposure, including stress-response proteins like heat shock proteins and antioxidant enzymes. This suggests that even moderate cell phone-level radiation triggers cellular stress responses in reproductive tissue.

Does exposure to GSM 900 MHz mobile phone radiation affect short-term memory of elementary school students?

Movvahedi MM et al · 2014

Researchers exposed 60 elementary school children (ages 8-10) to 10 minutes of GSM 900 MHz cell phone radiation and tested their memory and reaction times. The study found that phone radiation actually improved children's short-term memory performance compared to sham exposure, while reaction times remained unchanged.

Reactive oxygen species elevation and recovery in Drosophila bodies and ovaries following short-term and long-term exposure to DECT base EMF

Manta AK, Stravopodis DJ, Papassideri IS, Margaritis LH. · 2014

Researchers measured reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the bodies and ovaries of 4-day-old Drosophila melanogaster flies after exposing them to DECT base radiation at 1.88–1.90 GHz. Male and female bodies showed a twofold increase in ROS levels after 6 hours of exposure, with ROS levels returning to normal 24 hours after that exposure ended. Ovaries responded more quickly, reaching a 2.5-fold ROS increase after 1 hour of exposure, with levels returning to normal 4 hours after that exposure ended.

Dosimetric study of fetal exposure to uniform magnetic fields at 50 Hz

Liorni I et al · 2014

Numerical computations were performed on high-resolution pregnant models at 3, 7, and 9 months of gestational age. Fetal whole-body and tissue-specific induced electric fields and current densities were analyzed as a function of magnetic field polarization and gestational age. The study also analyzed induced field variation due to changes in fetal position and calculated uncertainty from grid resolution.

Dosimetric study of fetal exposure to uniform magnetic fields at 50 Hz

Liorni I et al · 2014

Italian researchers used computer models to calculate how 50 Hz magnetic fields (like those from power lines) create electric currents inside developing fetuses at 3, 7, and 9 months of pregnancy. They found that exposure levels stayed well below international safety guidelines, but the induced electric fields increased as fetuses grew larger and varied significantly based on fetal position and the direction of the magnetic field.

Extremely low frequency magnetic fields induce oxidative stress in rat brain.

Manikonda PK et al. · 2014

Researchers exposed male Wistar rats to extremely low frequency magnetic fields at 50 Hz, at intensities of 50 and 100 µT, for 90 days continuously. The hippocampal, cerebellar and cortical regions of the brain were analyzed for reactive oxygen species, markers of oxidative stress, and antioxidant enzymes. Compared with control rats, exposed rats showed oxidative stress and altered glutathione levels in a dose-dependent manner across all brain regions.

Extremely low frequency magnetic fields induce oxidative stress in rat brain

Manikonda PK et al. · 2014

Researchers exposed young rats to 50 Hz magnetic fields from power lines for 90 days and found significant brain damage from oxidative stress. Higher magnetic field levels caused more harm across multiple brain regions, including areas controlling memory and movement, suggesting potential neurological effects.

Evaluation of exposure to electromagnetic radiofrequency radiation in the indoor workplace accessible to the public by the use of frequency-selective exposimeters.

Gryz K, Karpowicz J, Leszko W, Zradziński P. · 2014

Researchers measured electromagnetic radiofrequency radiation exposure in 45 buildings in urban and rural areas across various regions of Poland. The main sources of exposure identified were mobile phone base transceiver stations and radio-television transmitters. Exposure of workers and the general public in locations comparable to offices was found to be well below international limits.

Adaptive Response in Mice Exposed to 900 MHz Radiofrequency Fields: Bleomycin-induced DNA and Oxidative Damage/Repair.

Zong C, Ji Y, He Q, Zhu S, Qin F, Tong J, Cao Y. · 2014

Researchers exposed adult mice to 900 MHz radiofrequency fields at 120 μW/cm2 power density for 4 hours per day for 7 days, then injected some mice with bleomycin. Radiofrequency exposure alone showed no indications of increased DNA or oxidative damage compared to mice treated with bleomycin alone. Mice exposed to radiofrequency fields and then given bleomycin showed significantly reduced DNA damage at each repair time point measured, as well as decreased MDA levels and increased SOD levels.

Inhibition of cellular proliferation and enhancement of hydrogen peroxide production in fibrosarcoma cell line by weak radio frequency magnetic fields

Unknown authors · 2014

Researchers exposed fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells to static magnetic fields alone or combined with 5 and 10 MHz RF magnetic fields. Cell numbers decreased by up to 30% on Day 2 with the 10 MHz RF field combined with static field compared to static field alone. Hydrogen peroxide production increased by 55% after 8 hours of exposure to the 10 MHz RF field.

The effect of 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation of a 3G mobile phone on the parotid gland of rats.

Aydogan F et al. · 2014

Thirty Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups. Groups A and B served as control groups for 10 days and 40 days with six rats each, while groups C and D were exposure groups with nine rats each. The rats were exposed to 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation simulating a third generation mobile phone for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 10 or 40 days. Exposure groups showed numerous histopathological changes in the parotid gland, with more prominent changes after 40 days compared to 10 days.

Effect of 950 MHz UHF electromagnetic radiation on biomarkers of oxidative damage, metabolism of UFA and antioxidants in the livers of young rats of different ages

Furtado-Filho OV et al. · 2014

Researchers assessed the effect of 950 MHz ultra-high-frequency electromagnetic radiation on biomarkers of oxidative damage, unsaturated fatty acid concentrations, and catalase expression in the livers of rats of different ages. Twelve rats per age group were divided into control and exposed groups and exposed for half an hour per day for up to 51 days at a specific absorption rate of 1.3–1.0 W/kg. The radiation did not cause oxidative stress and was not genotoxic in neonates or 6- and 15-day-old rats, but it changed polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations in neonates. In 30-day-old rats there was no oxidative stress but the radiation was genotoxic to the livers of exposed rats.

Involvement of NMDA receptor in low-frequency magnetic field-induced anxiety in mice.

Salunke BP, Umathe SN, Chavan JG. · 2014

Researchers exposed Swiss albino mice to a 50 Hz, 10 G extremely low-frequency magnetic field for 8 hours per day across periods of up to 120 days. Anxiety was measured using an elevated plus maze, open field test, and social interaction test, on the 7th, 30th, 60th, 90th, and 120th exposure day, respectively. The findings suggest that the magnetic field significantly induced anxiety behavior and that the NMDA receptor was involved in its effect. Glutamate and GABA levels were significantly elevated in the hippocampus and hypothalamus, though GABA receptor modulators did not produce a significant effect on the induced anxiety.

Characterization of Indoor Extremely Low Frequency and Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields in the INMA- Granada Cohort

Calvente I et al · 2014

The study sample was drawn from the INMA-Granada cohort, and researchers carried out long-term indoor measurements in the living room and bedroom of 123 families. Daytime electric fields were below the quantification limit in 78.6% of homes with a mean of 7.31 V/m, and magnetic fields were below the limit in 92.3% of homes with a mean of 162.30 nT. Mean magnetic field values were 1.6 lower during the night than the day. Exposure levels varied by area of residence, dwelling type, age, floor, and season. The authors concluded that preventive measures are warranted to reduce children's exposure.

Behavior and memory evaluation of Wistar rats exposed to 1·8 GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation.

Júnior LC et al. · 2014

Brazilian researchers exposed lab rats to cell phone radiation at 1.8 GHz (the frequency used by GSM phones) for three days and tested their behavior and memory. While the rats showed no anxiety or memory problems, they did exhibit stress-related behaviors. The study suggests that cell phone radiation may not directly harm brain function but could trigger stress responses in the nervous system.

Occupational exposure to intermediate frequency and extremely low frequency magnetic fields among personnel working near electronic article surveillance systems.

Roivainen P, Eskelinen T, Jokela K, Juutilainen J · 2014

Researchers measured intermediate frequency and extremely low frequency magnetic fields at cashiers' seats in Finnish stores. At the cashier's seat, IF magnetic fields ranged from 0.2 to 4 µT and ELF magnetic fields ranged from 0.03 to 4.5 µT, both well below exposure limits. However, when cashiers walked through EAS gates, peak IF fields reached up to 189 µT, exceeding the ICNIRP occupational reference level of 141 µT.

Effects of extremely low frequency magnetic fields on NGF induced neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells.

Jung IS, Kim HJ, Noh R, Kim SC, Kim CW. · 2014

Researchers investigated how extremely low frequency magnetic fields affect nerve-growth-factor-induced neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells using proteomic methods. After 5 days of exposure at 50 Hz and 1 mT, neurite length and the number of neurite-bearing cells increased, while proliferation activity decreased. Six proteins were found to be differentially expressed between exposed and unexposed NGF-treated cells, including peripherin, VGF8a, HSP72-psI, LMW-PTP/ACP1, TUBA1A, and OPA1L.

Impact of head morphology on local brain specific absorption rate from exposure to mobile phone radiation.

Adibzadeh F et al. · 2014

Researchers performed detailed dosimetric simulations for 20 head models to quantify how head morphology affects RF dose in different brain regions. The variation in averaged SAR among heads reached up to 16.4 dB in a 1 cm³ brain cube using the field-sensor method and up to 15.8 dB in the medulla using the Talairach method. Head models were exposed to generic mobile phone fields at 835 and 1900 MHz in tilted and cheek positions. The authors concluded that head morphology is an important uncertainty source and that dosimetric analyses for specific brain regions should use real morphology.

Effect of a 2.45-GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field on neutrophil chemotaxis and phagocytosis in differentiated human HL-60 cells.

Koyama S et al. · 2014

Researchers examined the effect of 2.45-GHz radiofrequency fields at SARs of 2 and 10 W/kg for 4 and 24 hours on neutrophil chemotaxis and phagocytosis in differentiated human HL-60 cells. Neutrophil chemotaxis was not affected by radiofrequency field exposure, and phagocytosis was not affected either compared with sham exposure conditions. Exposure at an SAR under 10 W/kg showed very little or no effects on either chemotaxis or phagocytosis.

Analysis of the influence of handset phone position on RF exposure of brain tissue.

Ghanmi A, Varsier N, Hadjem A, Conil E, Picon O, Wiart J. · 2014

Researchers analyzed how phone position affects brain exposure by comparing SAR from two GSM phone models. They tested 80 phone positions selected via Latin hypercube sampling. They estimated SAR10g in the head, SAR1g in the brain, and SAR in brain structures at 900 and 1800 MHz. Results show SAR distributions in the brain are sensitive to phone position. For 5–10% of positions, SAR10g in head and SAR1g in brain were 20% higher than the standard cheek position, and the SAM model was conservative for 95% of positions.

Mobile Phone Radiation Alters Proliferation of Hepatocarcinoma Cells.

Ozgur E, Guler G, Kismali G, Seyhan N · 2014

Researchers exposed Hep G2 hepatocarcinoma cells to intermittent 900- and 1800-MHz radiofrequency radiation at a specific absorption rate of 2 W/kg for 1, 2, 3, or 4 hours. Cell viability changed according to the frequency and duration of the exposure. Four-hour exposure produced more pronounced effects than shorter durations. 1800-MHz radiation had a larger impact on cell viability and injury than 900-MHz radiation. Morphological analysis showed irregular nuclei and DNA damage after 4 hours of 1800-MHz exposure.

Circadian alterations of reproductive functional markers in male rats exposed to 1800-MHz radiofrequency field.

Qin F et al. · 2014