Unknown authors · 2014
Researchers used multiple imputation and propensity score matching on a cohort of 140,356 singleton live births in Northwest England to address missing data and residual confounding. For each of five imputed datasets, 115 exposed women living within 50 meters of an ELF-EMF source were matched to 1150 unexposed women. After doubly robust adjustment, close proximity to an ELF-EMF source was associated with a 116 g reduction in birth weight (95% CI: -224 to -7 g), while no effect was seen for proximity within 100 meters.
Dimitrijević D, Savić T, Anđelković M, Prolić Z, Janać B. · 2014
Researchers exposed Drosophila subobscura at different developmental stages to an extremely low frequency magnetic field (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) for 48 hours. The magnetic field shortened developmental time and increased viability, while sex ratio was unaffected. Regardless of which developmental stage was exposed, the magnetic field significantly decreased locomotor activity in adult flies. When just-eclosed adults were exposed, the observed reduction in locomotor activity lasted longer than in other exposure groups.
Dimitrijević D, Savić T, Anđelković M, Prolić Z, Janać B. · 2014
Researchers exposed fruit flies to 50 Hz magnetic fields (the same frequency as power lines) at 0.5 milliTesla for 48 hours and tracked their development and behavior. The magnetic field exposure shortened development time, increased survival rates, but significantly reduced the flies' movement and activity levels. This study demonstrates that extremely low frequency magnetic fields can alter both biological development and nervous system function in living organisms.
Unknown authors · 2014
Shafiei SA, Firoozabadi SM, Tabatabaie KR, Ghabaee M. · 2014
Researchers investigated how extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) applied to different parts of the brain changed EEG power spectrum readings. EEG relative power spectrum was evaluated at several brain points when exposed to magnetic fields at 45, 17, 10, 5, and 3 Hz frequencies, at intensities of 0, 100, 240, or 360 μT across four sessions. Significant changes were observed in different EEG bands, and some exposures decreased the alpha band in frontal and central areas in the closed-eyes state.
Huang CY et al · 2014
Researchers tested whether 1.5 mT, 60 Hz ELF-EMFs affect primary normal human epidermal keratinocytes as they did HaCaT cells in a prior study. ELF-EMFs exerted no effects on cell growth, cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, or ATM signaling pathway activation in NHEK cells. The two epidermal keratinocyte types responded differently to ELF-EMFs, confirming cell type-specific biological effects.
Grant DN et al · 2014
The study investigated the effects of ELF-EMFs on acellular tissue constructs with and without gold nanoparticles. Researchers conjugated 20 nm and 100 nm gold nanoparticles to acellular porcine tissue, seeded L929 murine fibroblasts, and exposed them to a continuous 12 gauss, 60 Hz field for two hours daily up to ten days. Scanning electron microscopy and cell culture assays were used to assess cell proliferation and viability. ELF-EMF stimulation significantly increased cell proliferation. The presence of gold nanoparticles did not boost the stimulatory effect but they demonstrated higher proliferation rates from day 3 to day 10, and unstimulated 100 nm gold nanoparticle constructs had significantly higher proliferation than unstimulated crosslinked constructs.
Afrasiabi A et al. · 2014
Researchers prepared synaptosome suspensions from the cerebral cortex of sheep brain and exposed them to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs). The exposures tested frequencies from 50 Hz to 230 Hz, flux intensities from 0.1 mT to 1.7 mT, and durations between 15 and 120 min. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was measured by the Ellman method, and the data were analyzed using neural network based software, Inform 4.02, to predict activity patterns through nine 3D curves. AChE activity was found to decrease at field intensities of 1.2 mT to 1.7 mT and frequencies of 50 Hz to 90 Hz.
Alcaraz M, Olmos E, Alcaraz-Saura M, Achel DG, Castillo J. · 2014
Researchers exposed mice to a 50 Hz ELM-MF for 7, 14, 21, and 28 d and measured the increase in frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte in bone marrow. ELF-EMF exposure increased micronucleated cells more than control but less than X-rays. Antioxidant substances tested did not reduce the genotoxic effect of the ELM-MF, although they reduced damage from ionizing radiation.
Unknown authors · 2014
Unknown authors · 2014
Unknown authors · 2014
Researchers exposed human brain cells to a 50 Hz pulsed magnetic field at 1 milliTesla while simultaneously treating them with hydrogen peroxide (a substance that damages DNA). They measured DNA breaks and cell health over 72 hours and found that the magnetic field exposure did not increase the DNA damage or cell death caused by the oxidative stress. This suggests that this specific type of extremely low frequency magnetic field doesn't make cells more vulnerable to other harmful agents.
Kantar Gok D et al. · 2014
Turkish researchers exposed rats to extremely low-frequency electric fields (50 Hz) at different intensities for 2-4 weeks and measured brain responses using mismatch negativity, a test of auditory processing. The study found that stronger electric fields (18 kV/m) reduced brain response amplitudes after 4 weeks of exposure, accompanied by increased oxidative damage markers in brain tissue.
Ciejka E et al. · 2014
Researchers studied how an extremely low frequency magnetic field used in magnetotherapy affected glutathione levels and redox state in rat skeletal muscle. Male rats weighing 280-300 g were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups: a control group and treatment groups exposed to 40 Hz, 7 mT for either 0.5 h/day or 1 h/day for 14 days. Both 30 min/day and 60 min/day exposures significantly increased total glutathione levels in skeletal muscle compared to controls (p < 0.001).
Unknown authors · 2014
Researchers exposed pregnant rats and their offspring to 50 Hz electric fields (the same frequency as power lines) and measured brain and visual responses in the adult offspring. They found delayed nerve responses and increased oxidative damage in the brain and retina, suggesting that EMF exposure during development can cause lasting neurological effects.
Unknown authors · 2014
Researchers exposed adult mice to continuous 50 Hz magnetic fields at 0.1 mT or 1.0 mT for eight weeks. They found no evidence of increased persistent unrepaired nuclear DNA single-strand breaks in distinct cell types of the brain, kidney, and liver.
Unknown authors · 2014
Researchers exposed human fetal scleral fibroblasts to 50 Hz extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields at intensities of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 mT for 6 to 48 h. The growth rate of the fibroblasts significantly decreased after 24 h of exposure to 0.2 mT. Messenger RNA expression of collagen type I decreased while matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression increased significantly. Protein expressions of collagen type I and MMP-2 were also significantly altered after exposure.
Pandir D, Sahingoz R · 2014
Researchers exposed Mediterranean flour moth (Ephestia kuehniella) larvae to a 1.4-Tesla magnetic field at 50 Hz for time periods ranging from 3 to 72 hours. DNA damage, measured by the comet assay, was significantly larger than in the control group at increasing exposure times. Antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GPx, and GST) decreased and the lipid peroxidation marker MDA increased in exposed larvae compared to controls.
Li L, Xiong DF, Liu JW, Li ZX, Zeng GC, Li HL. · 2014
Researchers evaluated 50 Hz ELF-EMF occupational exposure on neurobehavior tests of 310 inspection workers and 300 logistics staff. Neurobehavior tests included mental arithmetic, curve coincide, simple visual reaction time, visual retention, auditory digit span and pursuit aiming. No statistically significant changes in neurobehavior scores were found. Results across different age and seniority groups also showed no significant changes.
Alsaeed I et al. · 2014
Researchers examined the effects of perinatal exposure to ELF EMF on autism-relevant behavioral parameters in male BALB/C mice. Exposed mice lacked normal sociability and preference for social novelty, and also showed decreased exploratory activity. The researchers concluded that the results are supportive of the hypothesis of a causal link between exposure to ELF EMF and ASD, but recommended replications with further tests.
Duan Y, Wang Z, Zhang H, He Y, Fan R, Cheng Y, Sun G, Sun X. · 2014
Researchers studied whether exposure to a 50 Hz, 8 mT extremely low frequency electromagnetic field for 28 days altered glutamate release in mice hippocampus and whether treatment with lotus seedpod procyanidins (LSPCs) could normalize those changes. Exposure increased glutamate, GABA, NMDA receptor 2B levels, and intracellular calcium concentration in the hippocampus, while decreasing ERK1/2 and CREB phosphorylation. Oral administration of LSPCs, especially at 60 and 90 mg per kilogram, markedly improved expressions of p-CREB, p-ERK1/2, and p-JNK1/2, and was accompanied by decreased levels of glutamate, GABA, intracellular calcium, and NR2B.
Giorgi G et al. · 2014
Researchers investigated whether pulsed magnetic field exposure could interfere with DNA damage and repair in human neuroblastoma BE(2)C cells under oxidative stress. Cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide and exposed to a pulsed magnetic field at 1 mT and 50 Hz, and DNA double strand breaks were tracked using gamma-H2AX foci formation at 1, 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatment. The results suggest that pulsed magnetic field exposure does not interfere with genotoxicity and cytotoxicity induced by oxidative stress.
Kantar Gok D et al. · 2014
Researchers used ninety male rats, aged 3 months, to investigate how different intensities and durations of extremely low-frequency electric fields affected brain responses and oxidative damage. Rats were exposed to 12-kV/m and 18-kV/m electric fields for 2 or 4 weeks, and mismatch negativity (MMN) responses were recorded in anesthetized rats using electrodes placed on the dura. MMN amplitude was significantly decreased in the E18-4 group compared with the C4 group, and 4-HNE was increased in all experimental groups compared with the control group. The researchers concluded that the electric field decreased MMN amplitudes, possibly induced by lipid peroxidation.
Komaki A, Khalili A, Salehi I, Shahidi S, Sarihi A. · 2014
Researchers divided twenty-nine adult male Wistar rats into three groups: an ELF-EMF exposed group, a sham group, and a control group. The exposed rats received a 50 Hz, 100 micro Tesla magnetic field for 90 consecutive days at 2 hours per day. Prolonged exposure to ELF-EMFs increased LTP induction, and there was a significant difference in the slope of EPSP and amplitude of PS between the ELF-EMF group and other groups. The researchers' data suggest that exposure to ELF-EMFs produces a marked change in the synaptic plasticity generated in synapses of the PP-DG.
Li C, Xie M, Luo F, He C, Wang J, Tan G, Hu Z. · 2014
Researchers investigated the effects of 14 and 28 days of exposure to a 50 Hz, 0.5 mT extremely low-frequency magnetic field on glutamate receptor subunit expressions and spatial learning and memory in rats. The exposure changed NMDAR and AMPAR subunit levels in the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and prefrontal cortex in ways that differed by brain region and duration. Despite these receptor changes, neither 14 nor 28 days of exposure affected the rats' spatial reference memory as assessed by water maze.
