Chen YB, Li J, Qi Y, Miao X, Zhou Y, Ren D, Guo GZ. · 2010
Researchers exposed insulin solution to EMP using a GTEM cell and compared it with sham-exposed insulin. EMP-exposed insulin showed significantly reduced bioactivity in lowering fasting blood glucose in type I diabetic mice (p = 0.023). The percentage of FITC labeling of HL-7702 cells was significantly lower with EMP-exposed insulin (22.7% vs 13.8%). Fluorescence intensity of insulin was also significantly reduced after EMP exposure (p < 0.001).
Chavdoula ED, Panagopoulos DJ, Margaritis LH. · 2010
Researchers exposed Drosophila melanogaster to GSM-900MHz radiation for 6 minutes daily to compare continuous and intermittent exposure effects on reproductive capacity and apoptotic cell death. Previous work showed 6-minute continuous daily exposure for five days greatly reduced reproductive capacity, measured by F1 pupae count, and this decrease was non-thermal and linked to increased DNA fragmentation in egg chamber cells. The current experiments found intermittent exposure also reduced reproductive capacity and disrupted the actin-cytoskeleton network of egg chambers, with the effect also due to DNA fragmentation. Intermittent exposures with 10-minute intervals were almost as effective as continuous exposure, while longer intervals allowed the flies to partly recover.
Cao Y, Xu Q, Jin ZD, Zhang J, Lu MX, Nie JH, Tong J. · 2010
Researchers examined the effects of microwave exposure on the hematopoietic system adversely altered by gamma-ray irradiation in mice. Preexposure to low-dose microwaves reduced the damage from gamma-ray irradiation, shown by less severe pathological changes in bone marrow and spleen. The authors suggested the protection came from increased hematopoietic growth factors, stimulated granulocyte-macrophage proliferation, and reduced suppression of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. They concluded that prior microwave exposure may protect against gamma-ray injury to the hematopoietic system in mice.
Lakshmi NK, Tiwari R, Bhargava SC, Ahuja YR. · 2010
Overall DNA damage and micronuclei incidence did not differ significantly between exposed and control groups. Subgroups were analyzed by total duration of use in years and daily frequency in minutes. Long-term users of more than 10 years showed higher DNA damage and increased micronuclei frequency. DNA damage was measured with the alkaline comet assay and micronuclei with the cytochalasin blocked micronucleus assay.
Franzellitti S et al. · 2010
Researchers exposed human trophoblast HTR-8/SVneo cells to 1.8 GHz continuous wave and GSM signals for 4, 16, or 24 hours. The GSM-Talk signal used an intermittent pattern of 5 minutes on and 10 minutes off. The alkaline comet assay measured primary DNA damage and strand breaks from incomplete repair. Amplitude-modulated GSM-217 Hz and GSM-Talk signals significantly increased comet parameters after 16 and 24 hours, while continuous wave did not. DNA damage recovered within 2 hours after exposure ended, returning to sham-exposed levels.
Tomruk A, Guler G, Dincel AS. · 2010
Researchers exposed nonpregnant and pregnant New Zealand White rabbits to whole-body 1800 MHz GSM-like RF radiation for 15 minutes per day over one week. Liver 8-OHdG levels did not differ between exposed and control rabbits in either the adult or newborn groups. However, MDA and FOX levels were significantly higher in exposed adult rabbits, and FOX was also elevated in newborns of exposed mothers.
Politański P et al. · 2010
Researchers exposed C57BL/6 mice to 8 hours of 119 dB SPL 4 kHz octave band noise and assessed auditory brainstem response, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase activity, and catalase activity in the cochlea before and at five time points over two weeks. The auditory brainstem response showed no permanent functional damage from noise exposure in either the static magnetic field exposed group or the non-exposed group. However, lipid peroxidation levels, catalase activity, and superoxide dismutase activity differed significantly between mice exposed to both noise and static magnetic field and those exposed to noise only.
Patruno A et al. · 2010
The study analyzed the effect of ELF-EMF on the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT to assess mechanisms and support therapeutic use in wound healing. Exposure to ELF-EMF increased iNOS and eNOS expression levels, NOS activities, and NO production. Higher AP-1 expression and cell proliferation rate were also associated with ELF-EMF exposure. In contrast, ELF-EMF decreased COX-2 expression, PGE2 production, catalase activity, and O2− production.
Belova NA et al. · 2010
Researchers studied the influence of weak magnetic fields of different types on the rate of reactive oxygen species formation in mouse peritoneal neutrophils. Exposure to a magnetic field tuned to the parametric resonance for Ca2+ ions decreased ROS generation by 23% in neutrophils activated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. The same field increased ROS generation by about 21% in neutrophils stimulated by the bacterial peptide FMLP.
Wang Z, Che PL, Du J, Ha B, Yarema KJ. · 2010
Researchers investigated static magnetic fields by focusing on the adenosine A2A receptor in PC12 rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cells that display metabolic features of Parkinson's disease. Static magnetic fields reproduced several responses elicited by ZM241385 and counteracted several PD-relevant endpoints exacerbated by CGS21680 in a manner similar to ZM241385.
Narayanan SN et al. · 2010
Healthy male albino Wistar rats were exposed to RF-EMR by giving 50 missed calls per day for 4 weeks with a GSM mobile phone in vibratory mode in the cage. Passive avoidance behaviour was significantly affected in exposed rats, shown as shorter entrance latency to the dark compartment compared to control rats. Marked morphological changes were observed in the CA3 region of the hippocampus of exposed rats compared to control rats. Mobile phone RF-EMR exposure significantly altered passive avoidance behaviour and hippocampal morphology in rats.
Wang XW et al. · 2010
Panagopoulos DJ, Margaritis LH · 2010
Researchers exposed fruit flies to GSM 900 and DCS 1800 radiation for daily durations of 1 to 21 minutes. Reproductive capacity decreased almost linearly as exposure duration increased for both radiation types. GSM 900 radiation was slightly more bioactive than DCS 1800 radiation at the same exposure durations and equal intensities.
Panagopoulos DJ, Margaritis LH · 2010
Researchers examined whether the bioactivity windows for GSM 900 and 1800 MHz radiation depend on field intensity by measuring reproductive capacity in Drosophila melanogaster. They compared insects exposed at the window distances (30 cm for GSM 900, 20 cm for GSM 1800) to insects exposed closer (8 cm and 5 cm) behind a metal grid that shielded microwave and ELF fields while keeping intensities roughly equal. The decrease in reproductive capacity did not differ significantly between the two exposure groups. The bioactivity window seems to be due to the intensity of radiation-field (10 microW/cm(2), 0.6-0.7 V/m) at those distances.
Panagopoulos DJ, Chavdoula ED, Margaritis LH · 2010
Researchers exposed adult Drosophila melanogaster to GSM 900/1800 mobile phone antenna radiation at distances from 0 to 100 cm and measured reproductive capacity and cell death in the gonads using the TUNEL assay. The radiation decreased reproductive capacity by inducing cell death at all distances tested. The effect was strongest at 20-30 cm (radiation intensity around 10 microW/cm(2)), diminished considerably beyond 40-50 cm, and was not evident beyond 1 m or below 1 microW/cm(2).
Kawai H, Nagaoka T, Watanabe S, Saito K, Takahashi M, Ito K. · 2010
Researchers used computational models of pregnant women at 4 and 8 weeks of pregnancy to calculate the specific absorption rate (SAR) in embryos exposed to electromagnetic plane waves from 10 MHz to 1.5 GHz. The models had a 2 mm spatial resolution and represented a woman similar in height and weight to an average-sized Japanese adult female, with either a cubic 4-week or spheroidal 8-week embryo. The maximum average SAR in the embryos was lower than 0.08 W kg(-1) when the incident power density was at the ICNIRP reference level for the general public.
Jorge-Mora T et al. · 2010
Gerner C et al. · 2010
Researchers used proteome analysis to study whether low-intensity radio-frequency electromagnetic field exposure could affect protein synthesis in cultured human cells. Four different cell types were exposed to 2 W/kg specific absorption rate, and autoradiography of 2D gel spots was used to measure changes in synthesis of individual proteins. An 8-hour exposure caused a significant increase in protein synthesis in Jurkat T-cells and human fibroblasts, and to a lesser extent in activated primary human mononuclear cells, while short-term exposure did not significantly alter the proteome. Quiescent, metabolically inactive mononuclear cells did not detectably respond to the exposure.
Eşmekaya MA, Seyhan N, Omeroğlu S. · 2010
Researchers exposed two-month-old male Wistar rats to 900 MHz pulse-modulated RF radiation at a SAR of 1.35 Watt/kg for 20 min/day for three weeks. The study examined thyroid gland tissue using light microscopy, electron microscopy, and immunohistochemical methods. Morphological analyses revealed hypothyrophy of the gland, and the results indicated that thyroid hormone secretion was inhibited by the RF radiation. Apoptotic bodies were observed, and caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities were increased in thyroid cells of exposed rats.
Zhijian C et al. · 2010
Researchers used a comet assay to study whether 1.8-GHz radiofrequency radiation (RFR, SAR of 2 W/kg) could influence DNA repair in human B-cell lymphoblastoid cells exposed to doxorubicin (DOX). RFR alone did not directly induce DNA damage in the cells. A specific combined-exposure pattern could obviously influence DNA repair at 6 h and 12 h after exposure to DOX for four DOX doses.
Volkow ND et al. · 2010
Researchers measured brain glucose metabolism in fifteen healthy subjects inside a 4 T magnet, comparing conditions with and without echo-planar imaging (EPI) gradient pulses. Relative metabolism was lower in areas at the poles of the brain when the EPI pulses were on compared to when they were off. The size of the metabolic decreases was significantly correlated with the estimated strength of the electric field (r = 0.68, p < 0.0001), such that a stronger field was associated with larger decreases. No differences were detected between the ON and OFF conditions for mood ratings or for absolute whole-brain metabolism.
Sharma VP, Singh HP, Batish DR, Kohli RK. · 2010
Researchers investigated the impact of cell phone EMF radiation at a power density of 8.55 microW cm(-2) on germination, early growth, proteins, carbohydrate contents, and enzyme activities in Vigna radiata (mung bean). Seedling length and dry weight were significantly reduced after exposures of 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 hours, and protein and carbohydrate contents also fell in exposed plants. At the same time, the activities of proteases, alpha-amylases, beta-amylases, polyphenol oxidases, and peroxidases were enhanced in exposed radicles, which the researchers suggested indicated a protective response to EMF-induced stress.
Ozgur E, Güler G, Seyhan N. · 2010
Researchers exposed guinea pigs to an 1800-MHz GSM-modulated signal at a whole body SAR of 0.38 W/kg for 10 or 20 minutes per day for seven days to study oxidative damage in the liver. After exposure, significant increases in malondialdehyde and total nitric oxide levels were observed, along with decreases in several antioxidant enzyme activities in the liver. The extent of oxidative damage was found to be proportional to the duration of exposure, and both NAC and EGCG were found to protect liver tissue against this damage.
Kesari KK, Kumar S, Behari J. · 2010
Researchers exposed male Wistar rats to mobile phone frequencies at 0.9 W/kg specific absorption rate for 2 hours per day over 35 days. A significant decrease in protein kinase C and total sperm count, along with increased apoptosis, were observed in the exposed rats. The results suggest that a reduction in protein kinase activity may be related to overproduction of reactive oxygen species under microwave field exposure.
Kesari KK, Behari J. · 2010
Sperm GPx and SOD activity showed a significant decrease in exposed rats, while catalase showed a significant increase compared with the control group. The percentage of apoptosis was higher in the exposed group, and significant decreases were found in the S phase and G2/M transition phase of the cell cycle. The researchers concluded that these radiations may have a significant effect on the reproductive system of male rats, which may be an indication of male infertility.
