Browse 6,486 peer-reviewed studies on electromagnetic field health effects from 4 research libraries.
Showing 1,633 studies in Cellular Effects
Velizarov, S, Raskmark, P, Kwee, S, · 1999
Researchers exposed cell cultures to a GSM 960 MHz field in a TEM cell at 39°C and 35°C. Exposed cells showed a significant change in proliferation compared to non-exposed controls at both temperatures. Sham-exposed cells showed no significant change in proliferation at either temperature.
Morrissey JJ et al. · 1999
Researchers investigated the effects of a one-hour exposure of mice to a 1.6-GHz radiofrequency signal, either continuous wave or pulse-modulated at 11 Hz (IRIDIUM), on c-fos gene expression in the brain. C-fos expression was not significantly elevated until exposure levels exceeded six times the peak dose and 30 times the whole-body average dose relative to human cellular telephone exposure limits. The pattern of c-fos elevation in limbic cortex and subcortex areas was consistent with a stress response due to thermal perception and restraint, not a direct interaction of IRIDIUM energy with brain tissue.
Krasil'nikov PM · 1999
The study showed that collective excitations occur in an ionic medium on the surface of lipid membranes. These excitations result from fast lateral ion mobility and high-frequency displacement currents in the Stern layer at the charged membrane surface. This mechanism can induce resonant dipole moments on lipid vesicles, potentially underlying vesicle recognition and autooscillation mode of aggregation in colloidal solution.
Kol'tsov IuV, Korolev VN, Kusakin SA, · 1999
Researchers studied the effect of two-step exposure of bacterial objects to infrared laser and microwave pulse radiations. The effect depends on the time interval between two excitation steps and pulse duration. The biologically active dose of microwave radiation is much lower than that of infrared laser radiation, but laser radiation induces a stronger cellular response. Microwaves enhance the efficiency of infrared laser radiation.
Garaj-Vrhovac, V · 1999
Researchers investigated micronucleus assay and lymphocyte mitotic activity in 12 workers occupationally exposed to microwave radiation. Exposed subjects showed increased micronuclei frequency and disturbances in the distribution of cells over the first, second and third mitotic division compared to controls.
Afromeev VI, Tkachenko VN · 1999
Researchers studied the content of six lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in the testes of rats exposed to an electromagnetic field of the 3-cm wavelength range. The percent contents of the isoenzymes changed inhomogeneously compared with control animals. The authors assumed that electromagnetic radiation affects the organs of the human urinogenital system.
Trosic I, Matausicpisl M, Radalj Z, Prlic I, · 1999
The remaining 20 rats served as control. Exposed rats showed a decreasing tendency in total leukocyte and relative lymphocyte counts and a slight increase in granulocyte and erythrocyte counts.
Seaman RL, Belt ML, Doyle JM, Mathur SP · 1999
Researchers investigated the effects of ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulses on L-NAME-induced changes in nociception and locomotor activity in CF-1 mice. Mice were injected with saline or 50 mg/kg L-NAME and exposed for 30 minutes to sham or UWB pulses with specific electric field parameters. UWB exposure eliminated the L-NAME-induced hyperactivity. UWB exposure reduced the L-NAME-induced increase in back-paw-lick latency by 22%, but this reduction was not statistically significant.
Paul Raj R, Behari J, Rao AR · 1999
The effect of exposing rats to amplitude-modulated radiofrequency radiation (112 MHz modulated to 16 Hz) during development and growth was examined. Wistar rats 35 days old exposed at 1.0 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.75 W/kg) for 35 days showed enhanced ornithine decarboxylase activity and Ca2+ efflux in brain.
E.G Novoselova, E.E Fesenko, V.R Makar, V.B Sadovnikov · 1999
Researchers tested the effect of 8.15–18 GHz microwave radiation at a power density of 1 μW/cm2 on TNF production and immune response. A single 5-hour whole-body exposure induced a significant increase in TNF production in peritoneal macrophages and splenic T cells, and the mitogenic response in T lymphocytes also increased. The activation of cellular immunity was observed within 3 days after exposure. A diet containing β-carotene, α-tocopherol, and ubiquinone Q9 increased the activity of macrophages and T cells from irradiated mice.
Fesenko EE et al. · 1999
Researchers investigated how weak electromagnetic waves in the centimeter range affected the cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells in mice. Irradiation at 8.15 to 18 GHz at 1 microwatt per square centimeter increased the cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells of rat spleen. In mice exposed for 24 to 72 hours, natural killer cell activity increased by 130 to 150%, and this elevated activity persisted for 24 hours after exposure ended. Microwave irradiation of animals in vivo for 3.5 and 5 hours, and a short exposure of splenic cells in vitro, did not affect natural killer cell activity.
Galat VV et al. · 1999
Researchers investigated the effects of nonthermal millimeter-range electromagnetic radiation on early development of mouse and sea urchin embryos. An MRTA-01E-03 generator with a frequency of 54-78 GHz and radiation intensity of 0.06 mWt/cm2 was used, and embryos were irradiated for 30 minutes at the two-blastomere stage. More mouse embryos reached the blastocyst stage (97.3%) compared with controls (87.5%), and the total cultivation time to reach that stage was shorter (72 h) than in controls (96 h). For sea urchin embryos, the radiation had an effect only when embryos with weakened viability were tested.
Fesenko, EE, Makar, VR, Novoselova, EG, Sadovnikov, VB, · 1999
Researchers exposed male NMRI mice to whole body microwave irradiation at 8.15-18 GHz and a power density of 1 microW/cm2 and measured tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production in immune cells. Shorter exposures ranging from 5 hours to 3 days significantly enhanced TNF production in peritoneal macrophages and splenic T lymphocytes. Chronic irradiation for 7 days decreased TNF production in peritoneal macrophages. Microwave treatment increased endogenously produced TNF more effectively than lipopolysaccharide, described as one of the most potent stimuli of this cytokine.
Khadir R, Morgan JL, Murray JJ. · 1999
Researchers investigated the effects of a sinusoidal 60 Hz magnetic field on free radical production, degranulation, and viability in human neutrophils. Exposure of unstimulated human neutrophils to the magnetic field did not affect the functions examined. When cells were also stimulated with PMA, exposure to a 22 mT, 60 Hz magnetic field induced significant increases in superoxide anion production of 26.5% and in β-glucuronidase release of 53%. Release of lysozyme and lactate dehydrogenase was unchanged by the magnetic field, whether the cells were stimulated or not.
Unknown authors · 1998
Unknown authors · 1998
Researchers exposed DT40 lymphoma B cells to low energy electromagnetic fields and measured inositol phospholipid turnover. PLC-gamma2-deficient cells and cells with SH2 domain mutant PLC-gamma2 did not show increased IP3 levels after EMF exposure. SYK-deficient cells lacked PLC-gamma2 activation, and the C-terminal SH2 domain of SYK was essential. LYN-deficient cells did not show enhanced inositol phospholipid turnover, but introduction of wild-type fyn restored responsiveness. The results indicate EMF-induced PLC-gamma2 activation is mediated by LYN-regulated stimulation of SYK downstream of LYN and upstream of PLC-gamma2.
Unknown authors · 1998
Researchers examined the separate and combined effects of 60 Hz magnetic fields and a phorbol ester on PKC activity in HL60 cells. Exposure to a 1.1 mT magnetic field alone or combined with 2 microM PMA for 1 h did not enhance PKC activity. In a second experiment, cells preexposed to 50 nM PMA for 45 min then exposed to both PMA and magnetic field for 15 min showed a greater decrease in cytosolic PKC activity and a larger increase in membrane activity than PMA treatment alone or PMA with sham exposure. The authors concluded that magnetic fields may act synergistically on an already activated pathway.
Pakhomova ON, Belt ML, Mathur SP, Lee JC, Akyel Y · 1998
Researchers exposed yeast cells to UV radiation followed by ultra-wide band electromagnetic pulses. The UWB pulses had intensities of 101-104 kV/m, 1.0 ns width, 165 ps rise time, and repetition rates of 0 Hz (sham), 16 Hz, or 600 Hz. The effect was evaluated by colony-forming ability on complete and selective media and the number of aberrant colonies. The experiments found no effect of UWB exposure on UV-induced reciprocal and non-reciprocal recombination, mutagenesis, or cell survival.
Dmoch A, Moszczynski P · 1998
Shckorbatov YG et al. · 1998
Researchers studied changes in electrokinetic properties and heterochromatin granules in human buccal epithelium cell nuclei under electromagnetic fields in vitro. Cells were irradiated using a semiconductor generator at 42.2 GHz (7.1 mm wavelength) with a Yav-1 apparatus. Irradiation decreased nuclear electric charge and increased chromatin condensation, with effects varying by dose and donor.
Pavel A, Ungureanu CE, Bara II, Gassner P, Creanga DE · 1998
Researchers exposed wheat seeds with uniform genetic background to a microwave flow at 9.75 GHz and low intensity at various doses. Compared to controls, exposed seeds showed chromosomal aberrations including delayed chromosomes, micronuclei, interchromosomal bridges, and chromosomal fragments. The effects of microwaves at various doses on mitotic activity were also followed.
Obukhan KI · 1998
Kwee S, Raskmark P · 1998
Researchers exposed transformed human epithelial amnion cells to 960 MHz microwave fields at three power levels and three exposure times using a TEM cell. Cell growth was reduced in exposed cells compared to control and sham-exposed cells. The proliferation response varied with SAR level and exposure duration, showing a linear correlation between power level and growth change. At lower power levels, a longer exposure time was needed to reach the maximum effect, and repeated exposures did not alter the outcome.
Grisanti G et al. · 1998
Researchers studied bioelectromagnetic effects induced by TACS phones on the auditory system. Modulated electromagnetic fields modified distortion products in about all examined subjects. The method used registration of evoked otoacoustic emissions, both transient and distortion products.
Ding G, Xie X, Zhang L et al. · 1998
Researchers studied the distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression in the hippocampus and cerebellum of rats after exposure to electromagnetic pulse (EMP). The number of NOS-positive neurons and staining intensity in the hippocampus decreased at 1.5 and 24 hours after exposure. At 48 hours, the number of NOS-positive neurons returned to control levels, but staining intensity remained lower. NOS expression in the cerebellum showed no obvious changes. The authors suggest that decreased hippocampal NOS expression relates to learning and memory obstruction after EMP exposure.