Esmekaya MA et al. · 2011
Researchers investigated the mutagenic and morphologic effects of 1.8GHz GSM radiofrequency radiation, alone and combined with Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761) pre-treatment, in human peripheral blood lymphocytes using Sister Chromatid Exchange and electron microscopy. There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in Sister Chromatid Exchange frequency in RF-exposed lymphocytes compared to sham controls. RF radiation also inhibited cell viability in a time-dependent manner, and EGb 761 pre-treatment significantly increased cell viability at 8 and 24 hours compared to RF-exposed groups alone.
Amara S et al. · 2011
Researchers studied the effects of co-exposure to a static magnetic field (SMF) and cadmium on antioxidant enzyme activity and DNA integrity in rat brain. Cadmium exposure alone reduced antioxidant enzyme activity, including GPx, CAT, and SOD, in the frontal cortex and hippocampus, and increased markers of oxidative damage. When SMF (128 mT, 1 hour/day for 30 consecutive days) was combined with cadmium, SOD activity and glutathione levels in the frontal cortex fell further compared with the cadmium-only group, and MDA concentration also increased further. SMF exposure did not alter DNA oxidation levels in cadmium-exposed rats.
Calabrò E, Condello S, Magazù S, Ientile, R. · 2011
Trosić I et al. · 2011
Researchers exposed male Wistar rats to 915 MHz radiofrequency radiation with GSM modulation at a whole-body average SAR of 0.6 W/kg for one hour per day, seven days per week over two weeks. A comet assay was used to assess DNA damage, measuring tail length and tail intensity. Tail length notably differed in liver and kidney homogenates of exposed animals compared to sham controls, and the tail was slightly elongated in irradiated animals' brain cells. The results suggest that repeated 915 MHz irradiation could be a cause of DNA breaks in renal and liver cells, but did not affect the cell genome at a higher extent compared to basal damage.
Balmori A. 2010 · 2010
Unknown authors · 2010
Researchers exposed wild-type and DNA-repair-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains to a 2.45 mT, 50 Hz sinusoidal magnetic field for 96 hours. Growth increased significantly in the rad52 strain and nearly significantly in the rad52 hdf1 strain. Survival was lower in all magnetic-field-exposed strains compared with controls, with the overall difference close to statistical significance. Cell cycle progression and DNA patterns were unchanged in all strains after exposure.
Unknown authors · 2010
The pEMF plasmid was electrotransferred into the quadriceps muscles of BALB/c mice. Mice exposed to the EMFs for 2 hours daily over 7 days showed increased luciferase expression compared with controls (P<0.05).
Unknown authors · 2010
This study investigated whether static magnetic fields (SMFs) influence DNA or the repair of radiation-damaged DNA in leukocytes. Samples were exposed to inhomogeneous SMFs with lateral magnetic flux density gradients of 47.7, 1.2, or 0.3 T/m, or to a homogeneous SMF of 159.2 ± 13.4 mT, for time periods ranging from 0.5 minutes to 24 hours. DNA damage was measured using the single-cell gel electrophoresis technique, also called the comet assay. When SMF exposure preceded gamma irradiation, no statistically significant difference in DNA damage was found compared to the 4 Gy gamma-irradiated group.
Unknown authors · 2010
The construct was transfected into INER-37 and RMA E7 cell lines, which were then exposed to magnetic fields or thermal shock. In INER-37 cells, both magnetic field and thermal shock exposure increased luciferase activity compared to controls, while magnetic fields had no effect on RMA E7 cells.
Shckorbatov YG et al. · 2010
Researchers exposed human fibroblasts to 36.65 GHz microwave radiation at power densities of 1, 10, 30, and 100 µW/cm(2) for 10 seconds, using linear, left-handed, and right-handed elliptically polarized waves. Heterochromatin granule quantity was assessed at 600× magnification after staining with orcein solution. Irradiation at 1 µW/cm(2) produced no effect, while 10 and 100 µW/cm(2) increased heterochromatin granule quantity, with more intense irradiation causing more chromatin condensation. Right-handed elliptically polarized radiation showed greater biological activity than left-handed polarized radiation.
Unknown authors · 2010
Unknown authors · 2010
A single 30-minute exposure to a 60-Hz time-varying magnetic field of 6 mT showed no effect on human normal and cancer cells. The repetitive exposure also activated p38 and induced apoptosis in both cancer and normal cells.
Unknown authors · 2010
The review examined data on alleged RFR-induced genetic effects from in vitro and in vivo investigations as well as from human cytogenetic biomonitoring surveys. The authors also considered combined exposures of RFR with chemical or physical agents. No entirely consistent picture emerged from the reviewed studies. Many positive studies may be due to thermal exposures, though a few suggest biological effects at low exposure levels. Overall, the evidence for low-level genotoxic effects is very weak.
Unknown authors · 2010
Unknown authors · 2010
One hundred and twenty Swiss albino mice were equally divided into 6 groups. The study groups were exposed to 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 microT 50 Hz-EMFs for 40 days. ELF-EMF exposure caused a nonlinear decline of nucleus area, a sharp drop in AgNOR area at 1 microT that then rose to an insignificantly higher level than controls, and no change in mean AgNOR numbers per nucleus. Relative AgNOR area was highest in the 1 microT group and similar in the 5 microT group, while the remaining groups had significantly lower values similar to controls. The field exposure at any intensity did not significantly affect the frequency of either MPBLs or MPCEs, but the number of MN per PBL in the 4 and 5 microT-exposure groups were significantly higher than those of the lower intensity exposure groups.
Unknown authors · 2010
Researchers exposed MCF7 cells to single 837 MHz or combined 837 and 1950 MHz RF radiation at 4 W/kg for 1 hour. They assessed DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle distribution, and levels of cell cycle regulatory proteins including p53, p21, cyclins, and cyclin-dependent kinases. Neither single nor combined RF radiation exposure altered DNA synthesis, cell cycle distribution, or regulatory protein levels, unlike ionizing radiation which caused changes.
Yildirim MS, Yildirim A, Zamani AG, Okudan N. · 2010
The study evaluated the effects of mobile phone base stations on micronucleus frequency and chromosomal aberrations in blood cells of people living near base stations and healthy controls. Micronucleus frequency was 8.96 +/- 3.51 in the study group and 6.97 +/- 1.52 in controls (p: 0.16). Chromosomal aberrations were 0.36 +/- 0.31 in the study group and 0.75 +/- 0.61 in controls (p: 0.07). There was no significant difference in either measure between the two groups. The authors concluded that cellular phones and their base stations do not produce important carcinogenic changes.
Sekijima M et al. · 2010
The study examined cell proliferation and gene expression in three human cell lines after exposure to 2.1425 GHz continuous wave and W-CDMA modulated radiofrequency fields. Cells were exposed at specific absorption rates of 80, 250, or 800 mW/kg for up to 96 hours. No significant differences in cell growth or viability were found between exposed groups and sham controls, and less than 1% of genes showed altered expression.
Hintzsche H, Stopper H. · 2010
Researchers collected buccal mucosa cells from 131 individuals and grouped them by mobile phone use. Cells were stained with alpha-tubulin-antibody and chromomycin A3, and micronuclei were counted in 2000 cells per person. Mobile phone use did not significantly increase micronucleus frequency.
Gurbuz N, Sirav B, Yuvaci HU, Turhan N, Coskun ZK, Seyhan N. · 2010
Researchers exposed female Wistar rats to 1800 MHz GSM-modulated RFR for 20 minutes per day, 5 days a week, for one month. They measured micronucleus frequency in exfoliated bladder cells to assess genotoxic damage. No significant difference in micronucleus frequency was found between exposed and control groups (p>0.05). The authors concluded that 1800 MHz RFR did not produce any genotoxic effect under these exposure conditions.
Falzone N, Huyser C, Franken DR, Leszczynski D. · 2010
Researchers examined effects of mobile phone radiation on apoptosis-related properties in human spermatozoa. Ejaculated, density-purified, highly motile human spermatozoa were exposed to mobile phone radiation at specific absorption rates of 2.0 and 5.7 W/kg. Mobile phone radiation had no statistically significant effect on any of the parameters studied, including caspase 3 activity, externalization of phosphatidylserine, DNA strand breaks, and reactive oxygen species generation. This suggests that impairment of fertility reported in some studies was not caused by induction of apoptosis in spermatozoa.
Bourthoumieu S et al. · 2010
Researchers exposed human amniotic cells to GSM-900 MHz radiofrequency radiation at an average SAR of 0.25 W/kg for 24 hours. Genotoxic effects were assessed immediately and 24 hours after exposure using R-banded karyotyping of 100 metaphase cells per assay across four samples. No direct cytogenetic effects were observed at either time point.
Luukkonen J, Juutilainen J, Naarala J. · 2010
Researchers aimed to investigate cooperative effects of 872 MHz RF radiation and ferrous chloride on ROS production and DNA damage in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. They exposed the cells to 872 MHz RF radiation at 5 W/kg SAR using continuous wave or GSM-like modulated signals for 1 hour in ROS experiments and 3 hours in comet assay experiments. Chemical treatments with ferrous chloride produced statistically significant responses, but RF radiation alone or combined with chemicals did not affect ROS production, DNA damage, or cell viability.
Markkanen A, Naarala J, Juutilainen J · 2010
Murine L929 fibroblast cells were exposed to 50 Hz magnetic fields of 100 or 300 μT during or before UV exposure. No significant magnetic field effects were found, and the results did not support the hypothesis that such fields modify biological responses to UV radiation by changing oxidative reactions.
Yu Y, Yao K. · 2010
It has been reported that exposure affects lens transparency, alters cell proliferation and apoptosis, inhibits gap junctional intercellular communication, and induces genetic instability and stress responses in lens epithelial cells. The authors note that high-power microwave radiation is well established to induce cataracts via thermal effects, but it remains unclear whether low-power microwave radiation below current exposure limits is cataractogenic. The review raises the question of whether ambient microwave environments can induce non-thermal effects in the lens with potential health consequences and calls for further in vivo studies.
