EMF Research Studies

Immunomodulatory role of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation in human leukemiamonocytic cell line

Yadav H, Singh R · 2023

The HL-60 human promyelocytic cell line constitutes an effective in vitro model for evaluating toxicity, oxidative stress and necrosis/apoptosis after exposure to black carbon particles and 2.45 GHz radio frequency

Unknown authors · 2023

RF and BC induced moderately significant cell damage at 8 or 24 hours and much greater damage after 48 hours and higher BC dose, and an antiproliferative effect increased with exposure time and dose. Oxidative stress and ROS production increased with radiation time, BC dose, and their combination. Both radiation and BC separately and jointly triggered necrosis and apoptosis, with BCL2a gene expression activated after 24 hours and FASR and caspase-3 activation after 48 hours.

Evaluation of oxidative stress and genotoxicity of 900 MHz electromagnetic radiations using Trigonella foenum-graecum test system

Unknown authors · 2023

Pre and postnatal exposure to 900 MHz electromagnetic fields induce inflammation and oxidative stress, and alter renin- angiotensin system components differently in male and female offsprings

Kilic A, Ustunova S, Bulut H, Meral I · 2023

Researchers exposed male and female Wistar albino offspring to 900 MHz EMF for one hour per day during prenatal (23 days) and/or postnatal (40 days) periods and collected brain and kidney tissues at puberty. In all exposed groups, total oxidant status, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α rose while total antioxidant status fell in both sexes' brain and kidney tissues. Renin-angiotensin system components including angiotensinogen, renin, AT1, AT2, and MAS1-like receptor expression were also elevated in all exposed groups compared with controls.

The Effect of Electrical Substations and Cellular Communication Towers on Oxidative Stress and Thyroid Gland Hormones

Unknown authors · 2023

The study included 40 men from electrical substations, 40 men from cellular communication towers, and 40 men from control sites away from these facilities. Researchers measured oxidative stress markers TOS and MDA, antioxidant markers TAC and GSH, and thyroid hormones TSH, T3, and T4. Both worker groups had significantly elevated TOS and MDA and significantly reduced TAC and GSH, with the most significant alteration in substation workers. Thyroid function was normal in both worker groups, though TSH was significantly higher in substation workers than in the other groups.

Impact of weak radiofrequency and static magnetic fields on key signaling molecules, intracellular pH, membrane potential, and cell growth in HT- 1080 fibrosarcoma cells

Gurhan H, Barnes F · 2023

Weak Radiofrequency Field Effects on Chemical Parameters That Characterize Oxidative Stress in Human Fibrosarcoma and Fibroblast Cells

Gurhan H, Bajtoš M, Barnes F · 2023

Researchers exposed human fibrosarcoma and fibroblast cells to weak RF magnetic fields in the 3–5 MHz range for four days. At 4.2 MHz, exposure significantly increased mitochondrial mass and oxidative stress in fibrosarcoma cells.

Positive effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on behavior, immune function, and oxidative and inflammatory state in old mice

Díaz-Del Cerro E · 2023

Researchers exposed female old CD1 mice to low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields from the NEURALTER® system for 15 minutes daily over four weeks. Behavioral tests and analysis of peritoneal leukocytes showed that treated mice had greater coordination and locomotion, better immune function, and an oxidative-inflammatory state. Direct exposure of leukocytes to the NEURALTER® system also improved their immune function and oxidative state.

Seed Treatment with Electromagnetic Field Induces Different Effects on Emergence, Growth and Profiles of Biochemical Compounds in Seven Half-Sib Families of Silver Birch

Unknown authors · 2023

Adverse effects of 900, 1800 and 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation emitted from mobile phones on bone and skeletal muscle

Unknown authors · 2023

Fifty-six rats weighing 200–250 g were divided into healthy and diabetic groups, each with sham and radiofrequency radiation exposure at 900, 1800, and 2100 MHz. Over a month, each group spent two hours per day in a Plexiglas carousel, with experimental groups exposed to radiofrequency radiation and sham groups not exposed. Researchers performed three-point bending tests and radiological evaluations on the right tibia bones and measured CAT, GSH, MDA, and IMA in skeletal muscle tissue. Significant differences were found in biomechanical properties, radiological evaluations, and muscle tissue measurements between groups (p < .05). Average whole-body SAR values were 0.026 W/kg for GSM 900 MHz, 0.164 W/kg for 1800 MHz, and 0.173 W/kg for 2100 MHz.

Swimming exercise reduces oxidative stress and liver damage indices of male rats exposed to electromagnetic radiation

Amiri H, Shabkhiz F, Pournemati P, Quchan AHSK, Fard RZ · 2023

Distinct fatty acid redistribution and textural changes in the brain tissue upon the static magnetic field exposure

Unknown authors · 2022

Detection of the chemical changes in blood, liver, and brain caused by electromagnetic field exposure using Raman spectroscopy, biochemical assays combined with multivariate analyses

Unknown authors · 2022

The study used a 500 μT, 50 Hz extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field generated by a Meritt Coil System. Malondialdehyde and glutathione levels were measured, showing increased lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant response after exposure. Raman spectroscopy of brain tissue revealed a shift in amide III vibration peaks, structural changes in lipid CH2 vibrations in both hemispheres, and an increased number of amide III bonds in the cerebellum and left-brain tissue. Liver tissue from the exposed group showed higher Raman intensities and structural lipid changes. Principal component analysis distinguished the ELF-MF and control groups, and hierarchical component analysis showed tissues from each group clustered with their own group.

Quantum Medicine: A Role of Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields in the Management of Chronic Pain

Unknown authors · 2022

Researchers assessed the effects of ELF-MF therapy on chronic pain in 49 patients with musculoskeletal disorders. Patients received eight 45-minute sessions every other day using a Quec Phisis setup generating ion cyclotronic resonance. Bioimpedance (R/h and Xc/h) was measured during the first and last sessions, and pain perception was quantified using the standard visual-analog scale. Both bioimpedance parameters increased significantly and pain perception decreased. The authors concluded that ELF-MF therapy appears a valid therapeutic approach for musculoskeletal pain.

3.5-GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation promotes the development of Drosophila melanogaster

Unknown authors · 2022

Researchers exposed fruit flies to simulated 3.5 GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation at intensities of 0.1, 1, and 10 W/m². Exposure increased early pupation and eclosion rates and shortened the mean development time. In larvae, heat shock protein and immune gene expression rose, oxidative stress enzymes increased, and microbial diversity fell while Acetobacter and Lactobacillus genera increased.

Microwave radiation induces neuronal autophagy through miR-30a-5p/AMPKα2 signal pathway

Unknown authors · 2022

Researchers exposed rat hippocampal neurons and PC12-derived neuron-like cells to 30 mW/cm2 microwaves, which down-regulated miR-30a and activated autophagy in vivo and in vitro. Bioinformatics analysis identified several potential miR-30a targets, and the team selected Prkaa2 for further study because prior work linked microwave radiation to abnormal energy metabolism in neurons. Dual-luciferase assays confirmed Prkaa2 as a downstream gene of miR-30a, and microwave exposure increased AMPKα2 expression and AMPKα Thr172 phosphorylation, while miR-30a mimics reversed these changes and blocked autophagy.

3.5-GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation promotes the development of Drosophila melanogaster

Unknown authors · 2022

Effects of continuous prenatal and postnatal global system for mobile communications electromagnetic waves (GSM-EMW) exposure on the oxidative stress biomarkers in female rat liver

Unknown authors · 2022

Researchers continuously exposed pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats and their offspring to 900 MHz GSM-modulated RF-EMR for 24 hours per day and assessed liver oxidative stress at postnatal days 1, 9, and 21. Exposure significantly raised MDA levels at PND9 and PND21, lowered catalase activity at all ages, reduced catalase amount and mRNA at PND1 and PND9, and decreased GPx activity at PND21. CytoSOD levels increased at PND9 and 21 while mitoSOD levels decreased at PND21, and both GPx level and mitoSOD activity were elevated at all ages. SOD1 mRNA expression rose at PND1 but fell at PND9 and 21, whereas GPx1 expression was consistently reduced in the exposed group.

Exposure to 1.8 GHz radiofrequency field modulates ROS in human HEK293 cells as a function of signal amplitude

Unknown authors · 2022

Researchers exposed human HEK293 cultured cells to a 1.8 GHz carrier frequency at amplitudes typical of household telecommunications. ROS concentrations increased significantly after 15 minutes of exposure and were localized to both nuclear and cytosolic compartments. qPCR analysis revealed altered gene expression of anti-oxidative enzymes SOD, GPX, and CAT, and oxidative enzyme Nox-2. Multiple genes responsive to static magnetic fields were also regulated by RF, suggesting common response mechanisms. Many RF effects showed evidence of hormesis with biphasic dose-response curves and blind spots at certain amplitudes.

Estimation of some antioxidants for people exposed to electromagnetic waves for Internet towers in Samarra

Unknown authors · 2022

Effect of Duration of Mobile Phone Use on the Salivary Flow and Total Antioxidant Capacity of Saliva and Salivary Immunoglobulin A Level: A Cross- sectional Study

Unknown authors · 2022

Eighty-one students were categorized into three groups based on daily mobile phone use: less than 20 minutes, 20 to 60 minutes, and more than 60 minutes. Salivary flow rate, IgA, and thiol levels showed no statistically significant differences among the three groups. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels differed significantly across groups, with a significant pairwise difference between the 20–60 minute and over 60 minute groups.

Effects of 2600 MHz Radiofrequency Radiation in Brain Tissue of Male Wistar Rats and Neuroprotective Effects of Melatonin

Delen K et al. · 2021

Toxicol Ind Health 37(4):189-197, 2021

Unknown authors · 2021

Analysis of thiol/disulphide homeostasis and oxidant-antioxidant status as a result of exposure to radio-frequency electromagnetic fields

Yavaş MC, Yegin K, Oruç S, Delen K, Sirav B · 2021

Fourteen male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into a sham-control group and a 2100 MHz exposed group. The exposed rats received GSM-like signals for 5 h/day, 7 days per week for 14 days. Serum total thiol, native thiol, and disulphide levels were higher in the exposed group with p values of 0,219 for total thiol, 0,416 for native thiol and 0,566 for disulphide. Total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, and oxidative stress index were also higher in the exposed group. The researchers concluded that RF-EMFs did not cause oxidative stress and statistically changes in thiol/disulphide homeostasis.

900 MHz Radiofrequency Field Induces Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response in Mouse Bone Marrow Stem Cells

Wen X et al. · 2021

Researchers exposed mouse bone marrow stromal cells to continuous wave 900 MHz radiofrequency fields at 120 μW/cm2 for 4 hours per day over 5 consecutive days. ROS levels increased significantly at 30 minutes and 4 hours after exposure but returned to baseline by 24 hours. Expression of HSP10, HSP60, and ClpP proteins increased significantly at 30 minutes and 4 hours but reversed by 24 hours. When JNK2 was inhibited with siRNA, the RF exposure no longer increased these protein levels.