Unknown authors · 2016
Researchers tested whether static magnetic fields from dental magnetic attachments damage human gum cells in laboratory cultures. They found that stronger magnets (particularly double magnet configurations) caused genetic damage to gum cells, as measured by increased micronucleus formation. The study suggests that the magnetic fields commonly used in dental prosthetics may pose genetic risks to surrounding gum tissue.
Unknown authors · 2016
Belgian researchers tested whether 100 μT magnetic fields at 50 Hz (power line frequency) could make chemical mutagens more dangerous to DNA. Using bacteria exposed to both magnetic fields and known DNA-damaging chemicals, they found no increased genetic damage compared to chemicals alone. The magnetic fields neither caused DNA damage by themselves nor amplified the harmful effects of chemical mutagens.
Shen Y, Xia R, Jiang H, Chen Y, Hong L, Yu Y, Xu Z, Zeng Q · 2016
This study investigated how exposure to 50Hz electromagnetic fields (0.4mT) affects autophagy in Chinese Hamster Lung cells. The researchers found that EMF exposure increased autophagy markers and autophagosome formation without causing DNA damage, and that this autophagy response appeared to protect cells from apoptosis.
Sanie-Jahromi F, Saadat I, Saadat M · 2016
This study examined how 50-Hz extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure, alone and combined with the chemotherapy drug cisplatin, affects mRNA expression of seven DNA repair genes in two cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and SH-SY5Y). The researchers found that EMF exposure generally down-regulated these DNA repair genes in MCF-7 cells, and when combined with cisplatin, EMF co-treatment increased drug resistance (IC50) while selectively down-regulating genes involved in the non-homologous end-joining DNA repair pathway.
Unknown authors · 2016
Researchers exposed hair follicle cells to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields (the same frequency as power lines) at 1 milliTesla for up to 14 days. The EMF exposure increased expression of genes associated with neural development, particularly MAP2, suggesting the fields influenced cell differentiation toward nerve-like characteristics.
Mahmoudinasab H, Saadat M · 2016
Researchers exposed human breast cancer cells to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields using different timing patterns and measured changes in antioxidant gene activity. They found that intermittent exposure (5 minutes on, 5 minutes off) altered the expression of protective genes NQO1 and NQO2. This suggests that the timing pattern of EMF exposure, not just intensity, may influence cellular responses.
Liu Y, Liu W-B, Liu K-J, Ao L, Cao J, Zhong JL, Liu J-Y · 2016
Researchers exposed mouse sperm cells to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields (the same frequency from power lines and appliances) and found these fields altered specific microRNA molecules that regulate cell division and reproduction. The exposures changed how cells progressed through their growth cycles, with higher intensities causing more pronounced effects. This suggests EMFs at common household frequencies may interfere with reproductive cell development at the molecular level.
de Kleijn S, G. · 2016
Researchers exposed mice to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (20-5000 Hz at 10 μT) for varying durations and found that 24-hour daily exposure for one week increased white blood cell counts and altered stress hormone production. The effects disappeared with longer-term exposure, suggesting the body may adapt. This demonstrates that even relatively low-level EMF can trigger measurable immune and hormonal changes in living organisms.
Alchalabi ASH et al. · 2016
Unknown authors · 2016
Researchers exposed HT22 rat hippocampal neurons to radiofrequency radiation while treating them with amyloid-beta proteins that cause Alzheimer's-like damage. The RF exposure had no significant effect on the toxic processes - it didn't protect the cells from damage, but it also didn't make the damage worse. This suggests RF radiation neither helps nor harms brain cells already under Alzheimer's-related stress.
Unknown authors · 2016
Researchers exposed genetically modified worms (C. elegans) to cell phone-like radiofrequency radiation at 1.0 and 1.8 GHz to test whether RF fields could trigger protein clumping linked to Parkinson's disease. Despite using sensitive detection methods over exposure periods up to 96 hours, they found no statistically significant effects on alpha-synuclein protein aggregation.
Calvente I et al. · 2016
This Spanish study measured radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure in the homes of 123 ten-year-old boys and assessed their cognitive and behavioral function. Boys living in areas with higher RF-EMF exposure (though still below safety guidelines) showed lower verbal comprehension scores and higher rates of anxiety-related problems. While most cognitive tests showed no effects, the findings raise questions about low-level environmental RF exposure during critical developmental years.
Unknown authors · 2016
French researchers exposed human skin cells to 60.4 GHz millimeter waves (the frequency range planned for 5G networks) for 3 hours and found no immediate gene expression changes. However, when cells were simultaneously stressed with a metabolism-blocking chemical, the millimeter wave exposure altered the expression of 6 genes involved in cellular stress responses and immune signaling.
Ohtani S et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed rats to 2.14 GHz radiofrequency radiation (similar to some wireless signals) at two different intensities. At the higher level of 4 W/kg, rats experienced a 1.5°C increase in core body temperature and showed elevated stress-related genes in the brain after 6 hours of daily exposure. At the lower level of 0.4 W/kg (the occupational exposure limit), no temperature changes or genetic effects were observed.
Koyama S et al. · 2016
Japanese researchers exposed human eye cells (corneal and lens epithelial cells) to 60 GHz millimeter-wave radiation for 24 hours at 1 mW/cm2 power levels. The study found no genetic damage, DNA breaks, or stress protein changes compared to unexposed control cells. This suggests 60 GHz radiation at these levels doesn't cause immediate cellular harm to eye tissue.
Koyama S et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed human eye cells to terahertz radiation (0.12 THz frequency) for 24 hours to test for cellular damage. The study found no DNA damage, cell structure changes, or stress protein production compared to unexposed control cells. This suggests terahertz frequencies at this power level may not cause immediate cellular harm.
Unknown authors · 2016
Researchers studied the mutagenic effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure using the micronucleus test in secondary roots of Vicia faba seedlings. Roots were exposed for 72 hours using a continuous wave of 915 MHz radiation at three power density levels, with specific absorption rate values falling in the range of 0.4 to 1.5 W/kg. Three independent experiments showed a significant increase in micronucleus frequency, from a 2.3-fold increase at the lowest SAR level up to a 7-fold increase at the highest SAR.
Güler G, Ozgur E, Keles H, Tomruk A, Vural SA, Seyhan N · 2016
Researchers exposed pregnant rabbits and their offspring to 1800 MHz cell phone radiation (GSM frequency) and found increased DNA damage in brain tissue of young rabbits exposed both before and after birth. The study detected cellular damage markers and mild brain tissue changes, particularly in animals with combined prenatal and postnatal exposure.
McNamee JP et al. · 2016
Canadian researchers exposed mice to 1.9 GHz radiofrequency radiation (similar to cell phone signals) for 4 hours daily over 5 days and examined gene activity in seven different brain regions. They found no consistent changes in gene expression at exposure levels of 0.2 or 1.4 W/kg, though they acknowledge their study may have missed very small changes below 1.5-fold. This suggests that short-term RF exposure at these levels doesn't significantly alter how genes function in the brain.
Reale M et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed human brain cells to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (the type from power lines) for up to 48 hours to see if it would cause neurological damage. They found no significant harmful effects on the cells' ability to manage oxidative stress or inflammation, though there were minor changes in serotonin metabolism. The study suggests that ELF-EMF exposure at these levels is unlikely to contribute to neurodegenerative diseases.
Nakatani-Enomoto S et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed human sperm samples to cell phone-like radio frequency radiation at 1950 MHz for one hour at levels of 2.0 or 6.0 watts per kilogram. They found no significant effects on sperm movement, speed, or DNA damage compared to unexposed samples. The study suggests that short-term exposure to this type of radiation under controlled temperature conditions does not harm sperm quality.
Nakayama M, Nakamura A, Hondou T, Miyata H · 2016
Researchers exposed immune cells called macrophages to 50-Hz magnetic fields (the same frequency as power lines) for 24 hours to see if it would damage their DNA. They found that magnetic field exposure alone caused no harm, but when cells were first activated by bacterial toxins, the magnetic field exposure increased DNA damage and reduced cell survival.
Roser K, Schoeni A, Röösli M · 2016
Swiss researchers followed 439 adolescents for one year to see if cell phone use affected their behavior and concentration. While they found some connections in initial snapshots, these links disappeared when tracking the teens over time. The study concludes that mobile phone radiation doesn't cause behavioral problems or concentration issues in teenagers.
Redmayne M et al. · 2016
Australian researchers studied 619 primary school children (ages 8-11) to see if using mobile phones and cordless phones affected their thinking abilities and reaction times. The children used phones very little (about 2-3 calls per week), and the study found almost no differences in cognitive performance between phone users and non-users. Only 5 out of 78 different measurements showed any statistical differences, suggesting phone use at these low levels doesn't meaningfully impact children's brain function.
Bhagat S, Varshney S, Bist SS, Goel D, Mishra S, Jha VK · 2016
Researchers tested whether long-term mobile phone use affects hearing by comparing the phone-using ear to the non-phone-using ear in 40 medical students who had used phones for over 4 years. They found no differences in hearing tests or brain response measurements between the two ears, even among heavy users (more than 60 minutes daily). The study suggests that chronic mobile phone exposure at the ear doesn't impair auditory function.
