Gutschi T et al. · 2011
Researchers examined 2110 men attending an infertility clinic from 1993 to October 2007 and divided them into cell phone users and non-users. Cell phone users had a significantly higher percentage of pathological sperm morphology (68.0%) compared to non-users (58.1%). Cell phone users also showed significantly higher testosterone and lower luteinizing hormone levels, while follicle stimulating hormone and prolactin levels did not differ significantly.
Gasmelseed A. · 2011
They used a plane multilayered method at wireless frequencies of 900, 1800, and 2450 MHz. The study calculated specific absorption rate in three different eye models. Results confirmed a complex relationship between absorption and structural variations of the eye at these frequencies.
Ding S, Peng H, Fang HS, Zhou JL, Wang Z. · 2011
Seventy-two male adult Wistar rats were divided into three groups, with the PEMF group receiving LPS and methylprednisolone injections followed by 4 hours per day of PEMF stimulation for 1 to 8 weeks. The incidence of osteonecrosis was 29% in the PEMF group versus 75% in the methylprednisolone group, and no osteonecrosis occurred in the saline control group. Serum lipid levels were significantly lower in the PEMF and control groups than in the methylprednisolone group, and TGF-β1 mRNA and protein expression increased after PEMF treatment.
Baliatsas C et al. · 2011
Actual distances to base stations and powerlines were calculated using geo-coding, while perceived proximity and psychological factors were self-reported. Higher self-reported environmental sensitivity most strongly predicted non-specific physical symptoms, while perceived proximity to base stations, lower perceived control, and avoidance behavior were also associated; actual distance showed no significant association.
Aydin D et al. · 2011
Researchers performed simulations using real data from the CEFALO case–control study to assess how recall errors and selection bias affect odds ratios for mobile phone use and brain tumor risk in children and adolescents. In a validation study, cases overestimated their number of calls by 9% on average and controls by 34%, while cases overestimated call duration by 52% and controls by 163%. Participation rates were 83% for cases and 71% for controls, and the combined impact of recall error and selection bias on estimated odds ratios was complex across various scenarios.
Aydin D et al. · 2011
Researchers used data from the CEFALO case-control study to compare self-reported mobile phone use with operator-recorded data. The aim was to assess predictors of mobile phone use level and factors associated with overestimation. Participants overestimated cumulative call number, duration, and time since first subscription on average. Overestimation likelihood did not differ significantly between cases and controls. Overestimation was associated with age and sex, which act as confounders in studies relying on self-reported use.
Maaroufi K et al. · 2011
Researchers examined the relationship between iron status, EMF exposure, and brain oxidative stress in young adult rats. They exposed rats to iron overload, 150 kHz EMF, or both, and measured lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and cerebellum. Iron overload alone stimulated antioxidant defenses in the cerebellum and prefrontal cortex but did not cause oxidative stress. EMF exposure alone increased lipid peroxidation mainly in the cerebellum without affecting antioxidant defenses. Combined exposure further increased lipid peroxidation compared to EMF alone and abolished the antioxidant defense increase from iron overload alone.
Panda NK, Modi R, Munjal S, Virk RS. · 2011
The study included one hundred twenty-five long-term mobile phone users (63 GSM and 62 CDMA) and 58 controls who never used mobile phones. Participants underwent audiological tests including pure tone audiometry, tympanometry, DPOAE, ABR, and MLR. GSM and CDMA users had a significantly higher risk of absent DPOAE compared with controls (P < .05). They also had higher speech frequency thresholds and lower MLR wave and Na and Pa amplitudes. More than 3 years of mobile phone use emerged as a risk factor (P < .05), and the damage was bilateral with the same quantum for both GSM and CDMA.
Saygin M, Caliskan S, Karahan N, Koyu A, Gumral N, Uguz A · 2011
Researchers used twelve-week-old male Wistar Albino rats divided into cage control, sham control, and 2.45 GHz EMR groups, with the exposure group receiving 3.21 W/kg for 60 minutes daily over 28 days. The exposed rats showed a significant reduction in Leydig cell numbers compared to cage controls. Spermatogenesis scores differed significantly between groups, and Bax gene and Caspase-8 enzyme levels showed significant changes.
Sannino A et al. · 2011
Researchers exposed human peripheral blood lymphocytes in G0, G1, or S-phase to 900 MHz RF at 1.25 W/kg for 20 hours, then treated them with mitomycin C. The incidence of micronuclei was evaluated to determine adaptive response. Cells exposed in S-phase showed an adaptive response, while those exposed in G0 or G1 did not.
Poulletier de Gannes F et al. · 2011
Researchers exposed three human brain cell lines and primary cortical neurons to the EDGE signal at 1800 MHz. Four exposure conditions were tested: 2 and 10 W/kg for 1 and 24 hours. Reactive oxygen species production was measured by flow cytometry using the DCFH-DA probe. All cells tested responded to rotenone treatment by increasing ROS production. The EDGE signal did not induce oxidative stress under any test condition, including at 10 W/kg.
Lee JW, Kim MS, Kim YJ, Choi YJ, Lee Y, Chung HW. · 2011
Researchers investigated the genotoxic potential of 3 T clinical MRI scans in cultured human lymphocytes by exposing them to electromagnetic fields from a clinical brain protocol for 22, 45, 67, and 89 minutes. They observed a significant increase in single-strand DNA breaks after exposure. Micronuclei and chromosome aberration frequencies increased in a time-dependent manner.
Esmekaya MA et al. · 2011
Researchers investigated the mutagenic and morphologic effects of 1.8GHz GSM radiofrequency radiation, alone and combined with Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761) pre-treatment, in human peripheral blood lymphocytes using Sister Chromatid Exchange and electron microscopy. There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in Sister Chromatid Exchange frequency in RF-exposed lymphocytes compared to sham controls. RF radiation also inhibited cell viability in a time-dependent manner, and EGb 761 pre-treatment significantly increased cell viability at 8 and 24 hours compared to RF-exposed groups alone.
Aly H., Ashraf & deris, Safaai & Zaki, Nazar. (2011). · 2011
Researchers investigated whether radiofrequency field exposure could affect the activity of human immune system cells by studying the activity and behavior of human leukocytes upon exposure to radiofrequency fields. Human blood leukocytes were exposed to 1800 MHz RF radiation (SAR of 1.25 W/Kg, Power density of 0.1 mW/cm2) from a mobile phone when placed within a distance of 5 cm from the microscope stage. The maximum speed exceeded that measured at any temperature by approximately 50%, and a significant change was observed in leukocyte movement direction and cell behavior, including shrinking, expanding, and rolling.
Falzone N, Huyser C, Becker P, Leszczynski D, Franken DR. · 2011
Highly motile human spermatozoa were exposed for 1 hour to 900-MHz mobile phone radiation at a specific absorption rate of 2.0 W/kg and examined at various times after exposure. The radiation did not affect the sperm acrosome reaction, but significant reductions were found in sperm head area and acrosome percentage of the head area among exposed sperm compared with unexposed controls. The mean number of zona-bound sperm was 22.8 in exposed samples versus 31.8 in controls, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). The researchers concluded that these results could indicate a significant effect of RF-EMF on sperm fertilization potential.
Dode AC et al. · 2011
Researchers examined a spatial correlation between cellular base station clusters and deaths by neoplasia in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, from 1996 to 2006. The study used a descriptive ecological-epidemiological approach with georeferencing, drawing on death records, base station registrations, and census data. Between 1996 and 2006, 7191 deaths by neoplasia occurred, and within 500 m of a base station the mortality rate was 34.76 per 10,000 inhabitants, with a decrease in deaths observed outside that area.
Savić T, Janać B, Todorović D, Prolić Z. · 2011
Researchers investigated how a static magnetic field affected development and viability in Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila hydei. Eggs of both species were exposed to an average magnetic induction of 60 mT throughout full development from egg to adult. Exposure reduced development time in both species, though statistical significance was found only for D. hydei, and viability was significantly weaker in both exposed species compared to controls.
Elferchichi M, Ammari M, Maaroufi K, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. · 2011
Researchers exposed adult Wistar rats to a 128 millitesla static magnetic field for 1 hour per day for 5 consecutive days, then tested motor skills and measured iron levels in plasma and brain regions. No significant change in motor skills was observed between sham and exposed rats. Plasma transferrin content increased by 25.4% and plasma iron decreased by 16.2%, while brain iron concentration was not altered.
McCarty DE et al. · 2011
Zhao G et al. · 2011
The study examined cellular effects of a strong homogeneous static magnetic field in human-hamster hybrid (AL) cells, mitochondria-deficient cells, and double-strand break repair-deficient cells. ATP content was significantly decreased in AL cells exposed to 8.5 Tesla but not 1 or 4 T static magnetic field for either 3 or 5 hours. Reactive oxygen species levels were significantly increased by 8.5 T exposure, and concurrent treatment with the ROS inhibitor DMSO dramatically suppressed the ATP content in exposed AL cells. Mutation frequency and cell cycle distribution were not significantly affected by 8.5 T exposure for 3 hours.
Sullivan K, Balin AK, Allen RG · 2011
Researchers determined the effects of a static magnetic field (SMF) on the proliferation of various types of human cells. SMF significantly decreased the initial attachment of fibroblasts and their subsequent growth, with effects observed in both fetal lung (WI-38) and adult skin fibroblast lines. SMF inhibited melanoma cell growth by 20% on day 7, but did not affect melanoma cell attachment. Oxidant production increased 37% in WI-38 cells exposed to SMF during the first 18 hours after seeding, but no elevation in oxidant levels was observed after a prolonged 5-day exposure.
Patruno A et al. · 2011
The study estimated kinetic constants of catalase, cytochrome P450, and inducible nitric oxide synthase in human HaCaT and THP-1 cell lines exposed to ELF-EMF. To evaluate cellular responses to an inflammatory stimulus, both cell lines were treated with lipopolysaccharide. The effects of ELF-EMF depend upon frequency, amplitude, and length of exposure, and are also related to intrinsic susceptibility and responsiveness of different cell types.
Osera C et al. · 2011
Researchers investigated the effects of an electromagnetic wave at 2 mT and 75 Hz on human neuroblastoma cells overexpressing amyloid precursor protein (APP). After prolonged electromagnetic treatment, lower mitochondrial activity and proliferation rate were observed, resulting in higher cellular quiescence. The treatment was also associated with an overall increase of HSP70 and superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1), and with increased expression of the enzyme ADAM10 and enhanced release of the neurotrophic factor sAPPα. The researchers suggested a possible use of this physical stimulation to improve the functional capability of cells to face noxae.
Martino CF, Castello PR · 2011
Researchers studied how suppressing the Earth's magnetic field to between 0.2 µT and 2 µT affected hydrogen peroxide production in several cell types. The cell types tested were a human fibrosarcoma cancer cell line, a pancreatic cancer cell line, and bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Reducing the Earth's magnetic field suppressed hydrogen peroxide production in the cancer cells and the endothelial cells. Adding catalase and a superoxide dismutase mimetic called MnTBAP inhibited the magnetic field effect.
Martino CF · 2011
Researchers investigated how low level fields (0.2–1 µT), 30 µT, and 120 µT static magnetic fields affected the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Reducing the magnetic field to low levels clearly inhibited proliferation, while small differences of 30 µT reduced endothelial cell numbers significantly. Adding the free radical scavenger superoxide dismutase suppressed the enhanced proliferation caused by 120 µT static magnetic fields, suggesting a free radical mechanism of interaction.
