Unknown authors · 2011
Researchers studied mitotic spindle disturbances and apoptosis activation in V79 Chinese hamster cells exposed to continuous 2.45 GHz microwaves to investigate non-thermal cell damage. Exposure for 15 minutes significantly increased the proportion of aberrant spindles and apoptotic cells and decreased the mitotic index compared with untreated cells. Control heating experiments showed that spindle assembly was unaffected up to 41°C and apoptosis occurred only at 40°C, a temperature higher than that reached during microwave exposure.
Watilliaux A, Edeline JM, Lévêque P, Jay TM, Mallat M · 2011
Researchers exposed young rats on postnatal days 5, 15, or 35 to a GSM 1,800 MHz signal for 2 hours at 1.7–2.5 W/kg SAR and compared them to pseudo-exposed littermates. Western blotting measured heat shock proteins HSP60, HSC70, HSP90, serine racemase, glutamate transporters GLT1 and GLAST, and glial fibrillary acidic protein GFAP in total and soluble extracts. The GSM signal had no significant effect on any of these proteins, and immunohistochemical staining for CD68 showed no differences in microglial morphology or distribution.
Lukac N et al. · 2011
Researchers exposed bovine semen to 1800 MHz GSM-like RF-EMW in vitro and measured motility at 0, 30, 120, and 420 minutes using a computer-assisted semen analyzer. The percentage of motile and progressively motile sperm decreased significantly after 120 and 420 minutes of exposure. Average path distance decreased after 30 and 420 minutes, while path velocity initially increased at 30 minutes but decreased at 420 minutes. Amplitude of lateral head displacement also decreased significantly after 420 minutes.
Buchner K, Eger H. · 2011
Researchers followed 60 participants for one and a half years after a new GSM base station was installed in Rimbach, Bavaria. Adrenaline and noradrenaline levels increased significantly during the first six months, while dopamine levels decreased substantially. Phenylethylamine levels dropped significantly over the study period, and initial neurotransmitter levels were not restored after one and a half years. The effects showed a dose-response relationship and occurred well below current limits for technical RF radiation exposures.
Cammaerts MC, Debeir O, Cammaerts R. · 2011
Researchers examined Paramecium caudatum under normal conditions and near a switched-on GSM telephone operating at 900 MHz and 2 Watts. Exposed individuals moved more slowly and more sinuously than unexposed ones. Their physiology was affected: they became broader, their cytopharynx appeared broader, pulse vesicles had difficulty expelling content, cilia moved less efficiently, and trichocysts became more visible.
Garaj-Vrhovac V et al. · 2011
The study examined workers occupationally exposed to pulsed microwave radiation from marine radars. Comet assay parameters (mean tail intensity 0.67 vs 1.22, moment 0.08 vs 0.16) and micronucleus test parameters showed statistically significant differences between exposed and unexposed groups. Glutathione concentration was significantly lower in exposed workers (1.24 vs 0.53) while malondialdehyde concentration was significantly higher (1.74 vs 3.17), indicating oxidative stress. Electromagnetic field strength was measured at marine radar frequencies of 3 GHz, 5.5 GHz, and 9.4 GHz with specific absorption rate values determined.
Kumar S, Kesari KK, Behari J. · 2011
Monselise EB, Levkovitz A, Gottlieb HE, Kost D · 2011
Researchers exposed water plants (etiolated duckweed) for 24 hours to radio-frequency electromagnetic fields ranging between 1.8 V m(-1) and 7.8 V m(-1), generated by AM 1.287 MHz transmitting antennas. The exposure resulted in alanine accumulation in the plant cells, which the researchers describe as a universal stress signal. The magnitude of the effect corresponds qualitatively to the level of RF-EMF exposure. When vitamin C at 10 mM was present, alanine accumulation was completely suppressed, suggesting the involvement of free radicals in the process.
Volkow ND et al. · 2011
Researchers used positron emission tomography to measure brain glucose metabolism in 47 healthy participants, once with the right cell phone activated for 50 minutes and once with both cell phones deactivated. Whole-brain metabolism did not differ between the on and off conditions, but metabolism in the region closest to the antenna was significantly higher in the on condition than the off condition. The researchers noted that this finding is of unknown clinical significance.
Partsvania B, Sulaberidze T, Shoshiashvili L, Modebadze Z · 2011
Researchers exposed single neurons of a mollusk to electromagnetic fields using a Transverse Electromagnetic Cell to study effects on neuron excitability and memory processes. The specific absorption rate deposited into the single neuron was calculated to be 0.63 W/kg with a temperature increment of 0.1°C. After acute exposure, the average firing threshold of action potentials was not changed, but the average latent period was significantly decreased. The researchers noted that the observed alterations were transient and that only the latent period remained at the changed level.
Balmori A. 2010 · 2010
Unknown authors · 2010
The construct was transfected into INER-37 and RMA E7 cell lines, which were then exposed to magnetic fields or thermal shock. In INER-37 cells, both magnetic field and thermal shock exposure increased luciferase activity compared to controls, while magnetic fields had no effect on RMA E7 cells.
Unknown authors · 2010
K562 cells were exposed to 8.8 mT static magnetic fields with or without cisplatin. The magnetic fields enhanced cisplatin's killing effect, reducing the efficient killing concentration from 20 to 10 microg/mL. Cells treated with both magnetic fields and cisplatin showed S-phase cell cycle arrest. DNA became thicker with magnetic field exposure alone, while DNA breakage increased more with the combined treatment than with cisplatin alone.
Shckorbatov YG et al. · 2010
Researchers exposed human fibroblasts to 36.65 GHz microwave radiation at power densities of 1, 10, 30, and 100 µW/cm(2) for 10 seconds, using linear, left-handed, and right-handed elliptically polarized waves. Heterochromatin granule quantity was assessed at 600× magnification after staining with orcein solution. Irradiation at 1 µW/cm(2) produced no effect, while 10 and 100 µW/cm(2) increased heterochromatin granule quantity, with more intense irradiation causing more chromatin condensation. Right-handed elliptically polarized radiation showed greater biological activity than left-handed polarized radiation.
Unknown authors · 2010
Researchers isolated trophoblasts from first trimester human chorionic villi and exposed them to a 50-Hz magnetic field for different durations. Exposure at 0.2 mT for 72 hours did not affect hCG and progesterone secretion. Exposure at 0.4 mT for 48 hours showed no significant change in hormone secretion. Exposure at 0.4 mT for 72 hours significantly inhibited hCG and progesterone secretion. Apoptosis-related gene expression (bcl-2, bax, caspase-3, p53, fas) did not differ after 72 hours at 0.4 mT.
Unknown authors · 2010
A single 30-minute exposure to a 60-Hz time-varying magnetic field of 6 mT showed no effect on human normal and cancer cells. The repetitive exposure also activated p38 and induced apoptosis in both cancer and normal cells.
Unknown authors · 2010
Unknown authors · 2010
Researchers exposed human mesenchymal stem cells at passages 5 and 6 to homogeneous sinusoidal extremely low-frequency magnetic fields at 5 mT during chondrogenic differentiation. After 3 weeks, collagen type II expression increased significantly at passage 6 under EMF exposure. Aggrecan and SOX9 expression did not change significantly after EMF exposure. Collagen type X expression decreased under electromagnetic stimulation. Glycosaminoglycan content relative to DNA was higher in EMF-treated pellets at passage 5.
Unknown authors · 2010
The study used RAW 264.7 cells and RBL 2H3 cells. The cells were exposed to 60 Hz EMF at 0.1 or 1 mT for 4 or 16 hours. Basal and melittin-induced arachidonic acid release, cPLA2, sPLA2, PLC, and PLD activities were unchanged by EMF exposure. The authors concluded that the exposure conditions, which were 2.4 fold higher than the occupational limit, did not induce phospholipase-associated signaling pathways.
Unknown authors · 2010
Unknown authors · 2010
Unknown authors · 2010
Unknown authors · 2010
Researchers exposed MCF7 cells to single 837 MHz or combined 837 and 1950 MHz RF radiation at 4 W/kg for 1 hour. They assessed DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle distribution, and levels of cell cycle regulatory proteins including p53, p21, cyclins, and cyclin-dependent kinases. Neither single nor combined RF radiation exposure altered DNA synthesis, cell cycle distribution, or regulatory protein levels, unlike ionizing radiation which caused changes.
Hirose H et al. · 2010
Researchers exposed primary microglial cell cultures from neonatal rats to 1950 MHz W-CDMA RF fields at SARs of 0.2, 0.8, and 2.0 W/kg for 2 hours. The percentage of MHC class II positive cells, a marker of microglial activation, was similar between exposed and sham-exposed groups. No statistically significant differences were observed in MHC class II positive cells across any RF exposure group compared to sham controls. Cytokine production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 also showed no remarkable differences between exposed and sham groups.
Yu Y, Yao K. · 2010
It has been reported that exposure affects lens transparency, alters cell proliferation and apoptosis, inhibits gap junctional intercellular communication, and induces genetic instability and stress responses in lens epithelial cells. The authors note that high-power microwave radiation is well established to induce cataracts via thermal effects, but it remains unclear whether low-power microwave radiation below current exposure limits is cataractogenic. The review raises the question of whether ambient microwave environments can induce non-thermal effects in the lens with potential health consequences and calls for further in vivo studies.
