Arendash GW et al. · 2010
Researchers studied the effects of long-term EMF exposure at 918 MHz and 0.25 w/kg on both normal mice and transgenic mice bred to develop Alzheimer's-like cognitive impairment. Both cognitive-protective and cognitive-enhancing effects of EMF exposure were discovered for both normal mice and transgenic mice destined to develop Alzheimer's-like cognitive impairment. In Alzheimer's disease mice, long-term EMF exposure reduced brain amyloid-beta deposition through anti-aggregation actions and increased brain temperature during exposure periods. The researchers concluded that EMF exposure may represent a non-invasive, non-pharmacologic therapeutic against Alzheimer's disease, while cautioning against directly extrapolating these mouse findings to humans.
Ammari M et al. · 2010
This study measured glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in 48 rat brains to evaluate reactive astrocytosis after sub-chronic head-only exposure to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field signal. Rats were exposed either for 45 minutes per day at a SAR of 1.5 W/kg or for 15 minutes per day at a SAR of 6 W/kg, five days per week over an eight-week period. Compared to sham-treated rats, exposed rats showed an increase in GFAP levels in different brain areas, measured three and ten days after treatment.
Kumar S, Kesari KK, Behari J. · 2010
Wistar rats were exposed to microwaves for 2 hours a day for 45 days at either 10 GHz or 50 GHz, and blood cells and serum were then analyzed. The exposed rats showed micronuclei formation and a significant increase in ROS production, along with significant changes in glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels. The researchers concluded that microwave exposure may be effective at the genetic level and suggested this may indicate tumor promotion through overproduction of reactive oxygen species.
Kesari KK, Behari J, Kumar S. · 2010
Researchers exposed male Wistar rats to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation for 2 hours a day for 35 days at a power density of 0.34 mW/cm2. The whole brain tissue was dissected and used for study of double strand DNA breaks by micro gel electrophoresis and comet assay. Exposed brain cells showed a significant increase in comet head, tail length, and tail movement. The study concluded that chronic exposure to these radiations may cause significant damage to brain, which may be an indication of possible tumour promotion.
Campisi A et al. · 2010
Researchers exposed primary rat neocortical astroglial cell cultures to electromagnetic fields in the microwave range, either as continuous waves or amplitude-modulated at 50 Hz, for 5, 10, or 20 minutes. A significant increase in ROS levels and DNA fragmentation was found only after exposure of the astrocytes to modulated EMF for 20 min. Cell viability was not affected, and the irradiation conditions allowed the exclusion of any possible thermal effect.
Unknown authors · 2009
Intact rats circled counterclockwise after 30 minutes in a 14.1 T magnet, but labyrinthectomized rats did not increase circling. Intact rats developed a strong conditioned taste aversion after three pairings of saccharin with 30-minute 14.1 T exposure, while labyrinthectomized rats did not. Significant c-Fos induction occurred in the brainstem of intact rats after 30-minute 14.1 T exposure, but not in labyrinthectomized rats.
Unknown authors · 2009
Pregnant rats were exposed to 900 megahertz electromagnetic fields during gestation days 1-19. Offspring were sacrificed at the end of the 4th week and pyramidal cell numbers in the cornu ammonis were estimated using the optical fractionator technique. Exposure significantly reduced the total pyramidal cell number in the cornu ammonis (P < 0.001).
Garaj-Vrhovac V, Gajski G, Trosić I, Pavicić I · 2009
The animals were irradiated for 1h a day for 2 weeks at a field power density of 2.4W/m(2) and a whole-body average specific absorption rate (SAR) of 0.6W/kg. Both the standard comet assay and the Fpg-modified comet assay detected increased DNA damage in blood leukocytes of the exposed rats. The significant increase in Fpg-detected DNA damage suggests oxidative stress is likely responsible, while DNA damage detected by the standard comet assay indicates other mechanisms may also be involved.
Unknown authors · 2009
Unknown authors · 2009
Researchers found that an ultralow-frequency, extremely weak alternating magnetic field component showed marked antitumor activity when combined with a static magnetic field. The alternating field parameters that produced this effect were frequencies of 1, 4.4, or 16.5 Hz at intensities of 300, 100, or 150–300 nT, combined with a collinear static field of 42 µT. In mice with tumors, tumor tissue was practically absent after exposure to the weak magnetic fields, while control animals showed tumor invasion into surrounding tissues. In animals without tumors, no pathological deviations were observed after exposure to the weak magnetic field, suggesting the field was not toxic to healthy organisms.
Unknown authors · 2009
The study examined the effects of pulsed EMF at 2.45 GHz and 2.8 mW/cm(2) on postnatal neurogenesis in newborn (P7) and senescent (24-month-old) rats. Two exposure patterns were compared: short-term exposure of 2 days at 4 hours per day and long-term exposure of 3 days at 8 hours per day, each followed by acute (24 hours) and chronic (1-4 weeks) post-irradiation survival periods. The EMF exposure induced significant age- and dose-dependent changes in proliferating cell numbers within the rostral migratory stream. The authors concluded that concerns about EMF risk from electrical equipment and communication sets are justified regarding early postnatal neurogenesis.
Unknown authors · 2009
Researchers conducted a confirmation study to test whether 915 MHz radiofrequency radiation alters the blood-brain barrier in rats. Unanesthetized rats were exposed for 30 minutes to continuous-wave or modulated 915 MHz energy at whole-body SARs of 0.0018 to 20 W/kg. Albumin immunohistochemistry on perfused brain sections showed no significant increase in albumin extravasation in exposed rats compared to sham-exposed or home cage controls.
Unknown authors · 2009
Researchers exposed sixty-four male F344 rats to a 915 MHz electromagnetic field at whole-body average specific absorption rates of 0, 0.02, 0.2 and 2.0 W/kg for 2 hours. The brains were examined 14 and 50 days after exposure using histological and immunohistochemical methods. No albumin immunoreactivity was observed in any exposed group. Dark neurons were rare and did not differ significantly between exposed and sham-exposed animals. The authors concluded that the study did not confirm the earlier findings of Salford et al.
Unknown authors · 2009
Researchers exposed 18 male and 18 female rats to 50 Hz magnetic fields at 1000 microT, 100 microT, and 0 microT, and another 18 male and 18 female rats to 1.8 GHz fields at 50 V/m, 25 V/m, and 0 V/m. They measured glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. Different effects on circadian rhythms were observed, with changes in those haematochemical parameters (P < 0.05).
Ziemann C et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed male and female B6C3F1 mice to GSM 902 MHz and DCS 1747 MHz signals for two years. The exposure regimen was 2 hours per day, 5 days per week, at whole-body averaged SARs of 0.4, 1.3, and 4.0 W/kg. Micronuclei were counted in peripheral blood erythrocytes stained with May-Grunwald-Giemsa or acridine orange. No significant differences in micronuclei frequency were observed between RF-exposed, sham-exposed, and cage control mice. Positive control mice injected with mitomycin C had significantly increased micronuclei, and the authors concluded that the data did not indicate RF-induced genotoxicity after two years.
Sommer et al. · 2009
Male and female C57BL mice were exposed lifelong to UMTS fields at 1966 MHz with SARs of 0, 0.08, 0.4, and 1.3 W/kg. Development and fertility were tracked over four generations using histological, physiological, reproductive, and behavioral measures. No harmful effects on fertility or development were observed. Pup numbers and development were unaffected by exposure. Some data suggested effects on food consumption without a clear dose-response relationship.
Lee HJ, Lee JS, Pack JK, Choi HD, Kim N, Kim SH, Lee YS. · 2009
Researchers investigated the teratogenic effects of multi-signal radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on mouse fetuses. Pregnant mice were simultaneously exposed to CDMA and WCDMA signals for two 45-minute periods daily throughout gestation at a whole-body average SAR of 2.0 W/kg. Fetuses were examined on gestation day 18 for mortality, growth retardation, head size changes, and morphological abnormalities, and no adverse effects were observed.
de Gannes FP et al. · 2009
The study aimed to confirm earlier Russian and Ukrainian data on 2450 MHz microwave effects on immunological processes and teratology in rats. All results using ELISA and classic teratology end points were negative. The researchers concluded that exposure at 2450 MHz, CW, 7h/day for 30 days at 0.16 W/kg whole-body SAR had no influence on several immune and degenerative parameters or prenatal development.
Billaudel B, Taxile M, Ruffie G, Veyret B, Lagroye I. · 2009
Researchers exposed murine L-929 fibroblasts to DAMPS and GSM signals at various SARs using different exposure set-ups and measured ODC activity via 14CO2 generation from 14C-labeled L-ornithine. Exposure to 50 Hz-modulated DAMPS-835 at 2.5 W/kg for one hour in TEM cells and at 6 W/kg with temperature control showed no significant alteration in ODC activity. In the second part, no alteration of ODC activity was detected with 217 Hz modulated GSM-900 (wire-patch antenna) or GSM-1800 (waveguides) when cells were lysed before measurement. The researchers concluded that under their exposure conditions, DAMPS-835 and GSM signals have no influence on ODC activity in L-929 cells.
Aldinucci C et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed synaptosomes to a peak magnetic field of 2 mT for 2 hours. They evaluated mitochondrial respiration rate, ATP production, membrane potential, intrasynaptosomal calcium concentration, and release of free iron and F2-isoprostanes. Oxygen consumption and ATP production remained unchanged in exposed synaptosomes. Intrasynaptosomal calcium concentration decreased slowly with no membrane depolarization detected, and free iron and F2-isoprostane release remained unchanged.
Rağbetli MC, Aydinlioğlu A, Koyun N, Rağbetli C, Karayel M. · 2009
The study examined the effect of mobile phone exposure on the developing hippocampus in Swiss albino mice. Pregnant mice were exposed to a mobile phone in an exposure system room. Pyramidal cells in the hippocampus were counted using the optical fractionator method with Axiovision software. No significant difference in pyramidal cell numbers was found between exposed and control groups.
Ogawa K et al. · 2009
The study exposed four groups of pregnant CD(SD) IGS rats to a 1.95-GHz W-CDMA signal for 90 minutes daily on gestational days 7–17, with spatial average brain SARs of 0.67 and 2.0 W/kg for low and high exposure groups. On gestational day 20, all dams were killed by cesarean section and fetuses were evaluated for numbers of live, dead, and resorbed embryos, placental weights, sex ratios, fetal weights, and external, visceral, and skeletal abnormalities. Maternal body weight gain did not differ between groups, and no adverse effects were observed on any reproductive or embryotoxic parameters.
Finnie JW, Chidlow G, Blumbergs PC, Manavis J, Cai Z · 2009
Researchers exposed pregnant mice to 900 MHz radiofrequency fields at 4 W/kg for 60 minutes daily throughout gestation. Fetal brains were examined for heat shock proteins HSP25, HSP32, and HSP70. No induction of HSP32 or HSP70 was found in any brains, and HSP25 expression was similar in exposed and control groups. The study concluded that whole-gestation exposure did not produce a stress response detectable by HSPs.
Finnie JW, Blumbergs PC, Cai Z, Manavis J · 2009
Researchers exposed mice to 900 MHz radiofrequency fields at a specific absorption rate of 4 W/kg for 60 minutes or for 5 days per week over 104 weeks. Control mice were sham-exposed or freely moving to account for restraint stress, and a positive control group received a clostridial toxin that upregulates aquaporin-4. No immunohistochemically detectable up-regulation of aquaporin-4 was observed in exposed mouse brains after either short or long exposure durations.
Lu L, Xu H, Wang X, Guo G. · 2009
Researchers exposed Sprague-Dawley rats to electromagnetic pulses and assessed blood-retinal barrier permeability at 2 and 24 hours. Exposure increased barrier permeability and decreased occludin expression most at 24 hours. The permeability increase correlated with higher nitric oxide formation and nitric oxide synthase activity. A nitric oxide synthase inhibitor blocked the barrier breakdown and prevented the changes in nitric oxide, synthase activity, and occludin.
