McNamee et al. · 2003
Researchers examined the effect of 24-hour continuous-wave and pulsed-wave 1.9 GHz radiofrequency fields on primary DNA damage and micronucleus induction in human leukocyte cultures. No significant differences in primary DNA damage were observed between sham controls and any exposed cultures when assessed by the alkaline comet assay immediately after exposure. Similarly, no significant differences were found in micronucleus incidence, micronucleated binucleated cells, binucleated cell frequency, or proliferation index between sham and exposed cultures.
De Mattei M et al. · 2003
Researchers exposed bovine articular cartilage explants to a 75 Hz, 2,3 mT electromagnetic field in vitro, with and without interleukin-1. EMF exposure significantly increased proteoglycan synthesis and residual tissue proteoglycan content compared with controls, without affecting proteoglycan release or nitric oxide production. In interleukin-1-treated explants, EMF increased proteoglycan synthesis and kept tissue proteoglycan content at control levels while not changing proteoglycan release. Lactate production increased in both experimental conditions with EMF exposure.
Stutts J et al. · 2003
Researchers mounted inconspicuous video cameras in the vehicles of 70 volunteer subjects to record driving behavior. Three hours of randomly selected data per subject were coded for distraction types, contextual variables, and observable driving performance measures. The most common distractions by duration were eating and drinking, distractions inside the vehicle, and distractions outside the vehicle. Many distractions were associated with negative driving performance outcomes, though further research is needed to clarify their impact on safety.
Strayer DL, Drews FA, Johnston WA. · 2003
Researchers examined the effects of hands-free cell phone conversations on simulated driving. They found that conversations impaired driver's reactions to vehicles braking in front of them. Cell phone conversations also impaired explicit recognition memory for roadside billboards. Eye-tracking data indicated reduced attention to foveal information. The data suggest that driving impairment is mediated, at least in part, by reduced attention to visual inputs.
Smythe JW, Costall B. · 2003
The study examined the effects of mobile phone exposure on short- and long-term memory in male and female university students. Participants were randomly assigned to no phone exposure, inactive phone exposure, or active phone exposure conditions. They memorized words arranged in a two-dimensional shape for three minutes, completed a 12-minute distraction task, then drew the shape and placed words, and repeated the task one week later. Error scores were analyzed using non-parametric techniques. Males exposed to an active phone made fewer spatial errors than those exposed to an active phone condition, while females were largely unaffected.
Seishima M, Oyama Z, Oda M · 2003
This study described the clinical characteristics and results of patch tests in 8 patients with contact dermatitis possibly caused by handling a cellular phone. Patch tests were positive for potassium dichromate at 0.5, 0.1 and 0.05% in all eight patients. Photopatch tests showed the same results. One patient reacted to cobalt chloride and one to nickel sulfate. All patients had erythema and seven had papules on the hemilateral auricle or preauricular region after 9 to 25 days of phone use.
Santini R, Santini P, Le Ruz P, Danze JM, Seigne M · 2003
Researchers conducted a questionnaire survey of 530 people living or not in proximity to cellular phone base stations. They found that nausea, loss of appetite, and visual disturbances were reported up to 10 m, irritability, depressive tendencies, and lowered libido up to 100 m, and headaches, sleep disturbances, and discomfort up to 200 m. Fatigue was the only symptom significantly more frequent in the 200-300 m zone compared with those living farther away or not exposed. Women reported seven of the eighteen symptoms significantly more often than men at distances up to 300 m. Significant differences were also observed by age and by location relative to antennas and other electromagnetic factors.
Salford LG, Brun AR, Eberhardt JL, Malmgren L, Persson BRR · 2003
Three groups of eight rats each were exposed for two hours to GSM mobile phone electromagnetic fields of different strengths. The researchers found highly significant evidence for neuronal damage in the cortex, hippocampus, and basal ganglia of exposed rats. The study investigated whether pathological leakage across the blood-brain barrier might be combined with damage to neurons.
Ross A, Barker K · 2003
Researchers used a between-subjects design with cell phone presence, clothing type, and sex as factors. 160 women from a predominantly Black college rated older African American stimuli on perceived power subscales. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed a three-way interaction among clothing, cell phone, and sex of the stimulus person.
Parslow RC, Hepworth SJ, McKinney PA. · 2003
Researchers compared postal questionnaire data from 93 volunteers with network operator records over 6 months. Agreement for number of calls was moderate (kappa = 0.39) and better for duration (kappa = 0.50). Self-reported call numbers were over-reported by a factor of 1.7 and duration by a factor of 2.8.
Navarro EA, Sequra J, Portoles M, Gomez-Perretta de Mateo C · 2003
Researchers conducted a health survey near a cellular phone base station operating at DCS-1800 MHz in Murcia, Spain. Statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between declared symptom severity and measured power density, and the higher exposure group reported increased severity.
Monfrecola G, Moffa G, Procaccini EM. · 2003
The study assessed the effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation emitted by CFs on cutaneous blood flow in 30 healthy volunteers aged 18 to 53 years. Cutaneous blood flow was measured on the ear skin with a laser Doppler He-Ne flowmeter under controlled temperature and humidity. Microflow was recorded across phases T0 through T6, including no CF contact, CF off touching the ear, CF on, CF on and receiving, then back through CF on, CF off, and no contact. During phases T1 to T5 microflow increased by 61.38% to 157.67% relative to baseline, and all these phases showed statistically significant elevations compared with baseline.
Moneda AP, Ioannidou MP, Chrissoulidis DP. · 2003
Researchers used a versatile eccentric-spheres model of the human head to investigate radio-wave absorption. Specific absorption rate maps showed hot spots in the eyes and near the center of the brain. Numerical results were presented for total, percentage, and gram-specific absorption using an exact analytical solution. The model focused on the brain and eyes of an adult or infant head.
Matthews R, Legg S, Charlton S · 2003
Researchers measured subjective workload and speech intelligibility in 13 experienced drivers using three cell phone types while driving on a rural highway. All phone types increased workload components significantly compared to driving without a phone. Personal hands-free phones had the lowest total workload (7.1) and highest intelligibility (74.1), while hands-free speaker phones had the highest workload (10.8) and lowest intelligibility (55.0). Frustration correlated with total workload (0.60) and negatively with intelligibility (-0.35), while physical demand contributed little to total workload.
Marino AA, Nilsen E, Frilot C · 2003
Researchers exposed rabbits to cell phone radiation (800 MHz, 600 mW) simulating normal human use and measured EEG changes using a nonlinear recurrence analysis. The EEG was significantly affected in nine of ten rabbits, with increased randomness beginning about 100 ms after field onset and lasting approximately 300 ms. Control experiments showed no effect after sacrifice or when the antenna was moved to the chest, indicating the effect required brain energy absorption.
Lee TM, Lam PK, Yee LT, Chan CC. · 2003
The study examined how duration of exposure to mobile phone electromagnetic fields affects human attention. Seventy-eight university students were randomly assigned to experimental or control groups and completed attention tasks. The experimental group performed better on one of two attention measures after exposure to the electromagnetic field.
Laberge-Nadeau C et al. · 2003
This epidemiological study compared cell phone users and non-users to assess the association with road crashes. The relative risk for all collisions and injury collisions was 38% higher for men and women who used cell phones. After adjusting for kilometres driven and driving habits, the relative risks diminished to 1.1 for men and 1.2 for women. A dose-response relationship was found between frequency of cell phone use and crash risks.
Kimata H. · 2003
The study included two experiments: a video game experiment where participants played Street Fighter II for 2 h, and a mobile phone experiment where participants were exposed to 30 incidences of ringing mobile phones during 30 min. Playing video games significantly increased allergen-induced skin wheal responses and plasma levels of substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and nerve growth factor in atopic eczema patients, and also shifted cytokine production toward a Th2 pattern. Exposure to frequently ringing mobile phones similarly enhanced skin wheal responses and plasma levels of substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and nerve growth factor in atopic eczema patients, but had no effect on normal subjects or allergic rhinitis patients.
Jayanand, Behari J, Lochan R. · 2003
Researchers exposed rats with sciatic neurectomy-induced osteoporosis to modulated pulsed electromagnetic fields at a 14 MHz carrier frequency modulated at 16 Hz with 10 V peak-to-peak amplitude. The exposure produced a statistically significant increase in bone mineral density and a deceleration in the bone resorption process in the femur and tibia. The authors suggest that this effective window of pulsed radio frequency fields may be used therapeutically for osteoporosis treatment.
Jarupat S, Kawabata A, Tokura H, Borkiewicz A. · 2003
The study aimed to investigate effects of the 1900 MHz electromagnetic field emitted from a cellular phone on nocturnal melatonin secretion. Exposure to cellular phone EMF caused a significant reduction in salivary melatonin in female human subjects.
Irmak MK, Oztas E, Yagmurca M, Fadillioglu E, Bakir B. · 2003
Researchers investigated the influence of electromagnetic radiation from a 900 MHz cellular telephone on Merkel cells in rats. One group of rats was exposed to a cellular telephone in speech position for 30 minutes while another group was sham-exposed under the same conditions. Exposure led to significantly higher exocytotic activity in Merkel cells compared with the sham exposure group.
Hocking B, Westerman R. · 2003
Hocking B, Gordon I. · 2003
The authors examined survival of 123 children with acute lymphatic leukemia in an inner ring and an outer ring of municipalities around television towers in North Sydney, Australia. The inner ring included 29 cases with 16 deaths, while the outer ring included 94 cases with 34 deaths. Five-year survival was 55% in the inner ring and 71% in the outer ring, and 10-year survival was 33% versus 62%. The adjusted mortality rate ratio for the inner ring compared to the outer ring was 2.1 with a 95% confidence interval of 1.1 to 4.0. The difference in survival was statistically significant with a log-rank test p-value of 0.03 and a Wilcoxon test p-value of 0.05.
Hirsch J et al. · 2003
Researchers compared cellular markers of erythrocyte damage with hemolysis indicators to evaluate microwave warming effects on packed red blood cells. Packed red blood cells were warmed in a water bath to temperatures up to 57°C and also to 35°C using a microwave blood warmer. Flow cytometry showed a decrease in the FSC/SSC ratio and antibody binding above 47°C. Free hemoglobin increased up to 25-fold at 52°C, and hemolysis markers rose further after 48 hours at 42°C and 47°C. Microwave warming to 35°C did not significantly change any marker.
Hardell L et al. · 2003
The aim of the study was to investigate vestibular schwannoma, tinnitus, and cellular telephones. An increased odds ratio of 3.45 with a 95% confidence interval of 1.77-6.76 was found for vestibular schwannoma associated with analogue cell phone use. The age-standardized incidence of vestibular schwannoma in Sweden increased significantly by 2.53% per year from 1960 to 1998, with the increase only significant in the period 1980-1998.
