Unknown authors · 2002
Researchers surveyed 530 people (270 men, 260 women) living near or not near cellular phone base stations about 18 non-specific health symptoms. Complaint frequencies were compared by distance and sex using a chi-square test with Yates correction. Significant increases were seen for tiredness up to 300 m, for headache, sleep disturbance and discomfort up to 200 m, and for irritability, depression, memory loss, dizziness and libido decrease up to 100 m. Women reported headache, nausea, loss of appetite, sleep disturbance, depression, discomfort and visual perturbations significantly more often than men.
Unknown authors · 2002
The paper compares maximum allowable powers for cellular telephones at 835 and 1900 MHz under ANSI/IEEE, ICNIRP, and a proposed IEEE modification. It shows the ANSI/IEEE guideline is the most conservative, ICNIRP allows 2.5-3 times higher maximum radiated power, and the proposed modification allows up to 50% higher power. Peak 1 g SAR in smaller head models is up to 56% higher at 1900 MHz and up to 20% higher at 835 MHz than in larger models. Plastic ear models yield SARs up to two or more times smaller than realistic anatomic models, and a 2 mm thin shell phantom with lossy ear is proposed to match anatomic SARs within +/- 15%.
Takahashi S et al. · 2002
Researchers investigated the mutagenic potential of 1.5 GHz electromagnetic near fields using brain tissues of Big Blue mice. Male BBM were locally exposed to EMF in the head region at 2.0, 0.67, and 0 W/kg specific absorption rate for 90 min/day, 5 days/week, for 4 weeks. There was no significant variation in the frequency of independent mutations of the lacI transgene in the brains. Deletion mutations were slightly increased in both the high and low EMF exposure groups as compared with the sham-exposed group, but the differences were not statistically significant.
Shckorbatov YG et al. · 2002
Researchers used intracellular microelectrophoresis to study electrokinetic properties of nuclei in human buccal epithelial cells after microwave exposure at wavelengths of 8 mm and 16 mm with a surface power density of 0.2 mW/cm(2). Microwave irradiation for 15-60 s induced ENN changes, decreasing ENN when it was initially elevated and increasing it when initially low. No significant difference between the action of microwaves of wavelengths of 8 mm and 16 mm was found. Microwave exposure increased membrane permeability for the in vivo dye indigo Carmine in cells from all donors regardless of initial ENN levels.
Pakhomov AG, Gaj ek P, Allen L, Stuck BE, Murphy MR · 2002
Researchers compared bioeffects of continuous wave and extremely high power pulse microwaves at 9.3 GHz and 1.25 W average power using yeast cell density in agarose gel. Cell density was strongly affected by irradiation and correlated with local temperature rise, but no statistically significant difference between CW and EHPP was found across the SAR range. A trend (P<0.1) for a difference appeared at average SAR of 100 W/kg and higher, corresponding to peak SAR above 20 MW/kg for EHPP.
Ozturan O, Erdem T, Miman MC, Kalcioglu MT, Oncel S. · 2002
Researchers exposed 30 volunteers with normal hearing to mobile telephone electromagnetic fields for 10 minutes and measured evoked otoacoustic emissions before and after exposure. No measurable change in evoked otoacoustic emissions was detected, and none of the volunteers reported a deterioration in hearing. The researchers concluded that a 10-minute exposure had no effect on hearing at outer ear, middle ear, and cochlear levels.
Logani MK, Agelan A, Ziskin MC. · 2002
The study examined the effect of millimeter electromagnetic waves on catalase activity in mouse blood to understand mechanisms involved in its reduction. SKH-1 hairless mice were irradiated on their midbacks with 42.2±0.2 GHz millimeter waves at an incident power density of 31±5 mW/cm2 and a peak SAR of 622±100 W/kg. MW irradiation before or after cyclophosphamide administration did not significantly reduce the toxic effect of cyclophosphamide on catalase activity in mouse blood.
Johansen C et al. · 2002
The study aimed to investigate mobile phones and malignant melanoma of the eye. The researchers compared incidence rates of this rare cancer with the number of mobile phone subscribers in Denmark and found no increasing trend in melanoma incidence, in sharp contrast to the exponentially increasing number of subscribers starting in the early 1980s.
Hietanen M, Hämäläinen A-M, Husman T. · 2002
The study tested the hypothesis that hypersensitive persons perceive symptoms from RF fields using double blind provocation experiments. Twenty volunteers who reported sensitivity to cellular phones participated. Exposure sources were one analogue NMT phone at 900 MHz and two digital GSM phones at 900 and 1800 MHz. Each test session lasted 30 minutes with three or four sessions in random order per day. More symptoms were reported during sham exposure than during real exposure, and no subject could distinguish real from sham exposure.
Dubreuil D, Jay T, Edeline JM. · 2002
Bortkiewicz A, Pilacik B, Gadzicka E, Szymczak W. · 2002
McNamee JP et al. · 2002
Blood cultures from human volunteers were exposed to an acute 1.9 GHz pulse-modulated radiofrequency (RF) field for 2 h using a series of six circularly polarized, cylindrical waveguides. Mean specific absorption rates (SARs) ranged from 0 to 10 W/kg and the temperature within the cultures during the exposure was maintained at 37.0 ± 0.5°C. DNA damage was quantified in leukocytes by the alkaline comet assay and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. No evidence of increased primary DNA damage was detected by the comet assay and no significant differences in micronucleus frequency were found at any SAR tested.
McNamee JP et al. · 2002
Human blood cultures were exposed to a 1.9 GHz continuous-wave radiofrequency field for 2 hours at SARs of 0.0, 0.1, 0.26, 0.92, 2.4, and 10 W/kg while temperature was maintained at 37.0 ± 0.5°C. DNA damage was measured immediately after exposure using the alkaline comet assay with four parameters, and micronucleus formation was assessed using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. No evidence of increased primary DNA damage was detected at any SAR tested. There was no significant difference in micronucleus incidence between exposed cultures and sham controls at any SAR.
Tat FH, Wah KC, Hung YH. · 2002
Researchers tested three Personal Communication System cellular phones at different distances from multiple electronic medical devices and measured electromagnetic field strength with a spectrum analyser. Only the CO2 airway adapter and the haemoglucostix meter were affected, and only when the phone was in very close proximity. Compared to a 1997 study of Global System for Mobile Communication phones, the Personal Communication System phones generated less electromagnetic interference. The authors recommended a much larger study and an accurate international electromagnetic interference standard before any change in hospital policy on mobile phone usage.
Zheng T, Blair A, Zhang Y, Weisenburger DD, Zahm SH · 2002
Researchers analyzed data from two population-based case-control studies of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma performed in Kansas and Nebraska. The analysis included 555 incident NHL cases, 56 CLL cases, and 2380 population-based controls. In men, agricultural, forestry, and logging industries were associated with an odds ratio of 1.6 for NHL and CLL. Risks increased with duration of employment and appeared to vary by histological type of NHL.
Vangelova K, Israel M, Mihaylov S. · 2002
Researchers studied 12 male satellite station operators during 24-hour shifts and compared them with 12 unexposed controls. Exposure was low-level with specific absorption of 0.1127 J.kg-1. Exposed operators had significantly increased 24-hour excretion of 11-OCS and disrupted circadian rhythm, including increased mesor, decreased amplitude, and shifted acrophase. Catecholamine excretion rates also changed significantly with greater variability.
Thompson CJ, Anderson V, Rowley JT. · 2002
The broad objective was to assess radiofrequency exposure limits, hazard thresholds, and safety factors using probabilistic risk analysis. Analysis of SAR variables including conductivity and permittivity of grey brain matter and radiated field strengths supported the hypothesis that SAR values are lognormally distributed. The probability that SAR exceeds a threshold was derived and shown to be very low for handset SARs relative to allowable standard limits. The analysis focused on peak radiofrequency SAR values in the brain from digital mobile telephones operating at approximately 900 MHz.
Tafforeau M et al. · 2002
Researchers exposed flax seedlings to a 1-minute cold shock or a 2-hour GSM telephone radiation at 0.9 GHz and observed epidermal meristem production. They performed a SIMS analysis of inorganic cations in hypocotyl tissue from control and calcium-deprived seedlings. The analysis revealed decreases in calcium, sodium, and potassium and an increase in magnesium without substantially changing the divalent-to-monovalent cation ratio.
Stopczyk D et al. · 2002
Researchers assessed the effect of mobile phone electromagnetic fields on SOD-1 activity and MDA level in human blood platelets exposed to 900 MHz for 1, 3, 5, and 7 minutes. SOD-1 activity was significantly depleted after 1, 5, and 7 minutes of exposure and increased after 3 minutes compared with controls. MDA concentration increased significantly after 1, 5, and 7 minutes and decreased after 3 minutes compared with controls. The authors concluded that oxidative stress from microwave exposure may cause adverse cellular changes and systemic disturbances.
Shallom JM et al. · 2002
Researchers exposed chick embryos to athermal 915 MHz microwave radiation to test for induction of the stress protein Hsp70. Hsp70 levels increased within 2 hours, reaching a maximum about 30% above controls by 3 hours. Embryos pre-exposed to microwave radiation before hypoxic stress had significantly higher survival after re-oxygenation than non-exposed controls (P < 0.05).
Santini R, Santini P, Danze JM, Le Ruz P, Seigne M. · 2002
Researchers conducted a questionnaire survey of 530 people, including 270 men and 260 women, living near or far from cellular phone base stations to assess 18 non-specific health symptoms. Complaint frequencies increased significantly (p < 0.05) for people living within 300 meters for tiredness, within 200 meters for headache, sleep disturbance, and discomfort, and within 100 meters for irritability, depression, loss of memory, dizziness, and libido decrease compared to those living beyond 300 meters or not exposed. Women reported headache, nausea, loss of appetite, sleep disturbance, depression, discomfort, and visual perturbations significantly more often than men (p < 0.05).
Richter ED, Berman T, Levy O · 2002
The authors reported on five young patients who developed brain tumors within 10 years of initial occupational radar exposure. Four of the patients were less than 30 years old at the time of diagnosis.
Pologea-Moraru R, Kovacs E, Iliescu KR, Calota V, Sajin G · 2002
Researchers studied the effects of low-power microwaves at 2.45 GHz on the membrane fluidity of rod photoreceptor cells. The researchers expected the retina to be very sensitive to microwave irradiation due to the polar character of photoreceptor cells and high water content.
Pacini S et al. · 2002
Researchers exposed human skin fibroblasts to GSM cellular phone radiofrequency for 1 hour. GSM exposure induced alterations in cell morphology and increased expression of mitogenic signal transduction genes, cell growth inhibitors, and apoptosis-related genes. A significant increase in DNA synthesis and intracellular mitogenic second messenger formation corresponded with high expression of MAP kinase family genes.
Muscat JE et al. · 2002
The hypothesis that intracranial energy deposition from handheld cellular telephones causes acoustic neuroma was tested in an epidemiologic study of 90 patients and 86 control subjects. The relative risk was 0.9 (p = 0.07) and did not vary significantly by the frequency, duration, and lifetime hours of use. In patients who used cellular telephones, the tumor occurred more often on the contralateral than ipsilateral side of the head. Further efforts should focus on potentially longer induction periods.
