Morrissey JJ, Swicord M, Balzano Q · 2002
Researchers tested 33 medical devices from four large teaching hospitals using standard North American and European cell phone signals. Only 4 devices showed disruption of critical function at distances of 25 cm or greater. Other interference was observed but was not critically disruptive and mainly occurred when transmitters were at full power and within 5 cm of the device. No cell phone signal was exempt from producing electromagnetic interference effects, and effects were not entirely predictable across signal types or device models.
Michelozzi P et al. · 2002
Researchers conducted an ecological study near the Vatican Radio station in Rome to evaluate leukemia mortality in adults and childhood leukemia incidence. The study area within 10 km had 49,656 residents, with 40 adult leukemia deaths (1987–1998) and eight childhood leukemia cases (1987–1999). Childhood leukemia risk was elevated within 6 km (standardized incidence rate 2.2, 95% CI 1.0–4.1). Risk declined significantly with distance for both male adult mortality (p=0.03) and childhood leukemia (p=0.036). The authors noted limitations including small case numbers and lack of exposure data, and stated no causal implication can be drawn.
Liu X, Shen H, Shi Y, Chen J, Chen Y, Ji A. · 2002
Leszczynski D, Joenväärä S, Reivinen J, Kuokka R · 2002
Researchers exposed human endothelial EA.hy926 cells to 900 MHz GSM mobile phone radiation for 1-hour and observed changes in phosphorylation of many proteins. The exposure transiently increased phosphorylation of hsp27 and altered expression levels of hsp27 and p38MAPK, and this phosphorylation increase was prevented by a p38MAPK inhibitor. The culture temperature remained at 37 +/- 0.3 degrees C throughout the exposure, confirming non-thermal effects. The authors hypothesized that mobile phone radiation-induced activation of hsp27 may facilitate brain cancer by inhibiting the cytochrome c/caspase-3 apoptotic pathway and increase blood-brain barrier permeability by stabilizing endothelial cell stress fibers.
Lam LT. · 2002
The exploratory study investigated associations between inside and outside vehicle distractions and car crash injury risk across driver ages. Results showed drivers of all ages were more susceptible to inside-vehicle distractions than outside distractions. Age affected the relationship between in-vehicle distraction and crash injury risk. A separate analysis examined hand-held phone usage while driving. The study used a case series design with NSW police data in Australia.
Kompis M, Hausler R. · 2002
Researchers surveyed six BAHA Compact users who used digital cellular phones to compare their experience with an earlier study of BAHA Classic 300 users. Four patients reported hearing no noise associated with digital cellular phone use. Two patients reported hearing quiet sounds only when they were on the telephone, not when others nearby used a digital cellular phone.
Kimata H. · 2002
Microwave radiation from mobile phones enhanced skin wheal responses induced by house dust mite and Japanese cedar pollen but had no effect on histamine-induced wheal responses in patients with atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome. Microwave radiation also increased plasma levels of substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in these patients. The researchers concluded that microwave radiation may enhance allergen-induced wheal responses in association with the release of SP and VIP.
Jenness JW, Lattanzio RJ, O'Toole M, Taylor N, Pax C. · 2002
Researchers measured driving performance in a video driving simulator for 24 volunteers on a 10.6-km course under voice-activated dialing, manual dialing, and no dialing. Voice-activated dialing resulted in 22% fewer lane-keeping errors and 56% fewer glances away from the road compared to manual dialing. Driving times were significantly longer in both dialing conditions compared to the no-dialing condition.
HuberR et al. · 2002
Hocking B, Westerman R. · 2002
Researchers reported a case of a 34-year-old journalist who experienced symptoms linked to mobile phone use. She agreed to a provocation study with her phone. Current perception threshold testing before and after exposure showed marked changes in the C-fibre nerves of the affected area compared with the opposite side. The case is supportive of a neurological basis for some cases of dysaesthesiae associated with mobile phone use.
Higuchi Y et al. · 2002
Researchers performed a left-sided hemilaminectomy in adult Sprague-Dawley rats to expose the C6 dorsal root ganglion. Rats received pulsed radiofrequency, continuous radiofrequency, or sham treatment with the electrode on the ganglion for 120 seconds. Pulsed radiofrequency significantly increased cFOS-immunoreactive neurons in the superficial dorsal horn laminae three hours after treatment, while continuous radiofrequency did not. The authors concluded that pulsed radiofrequency activates pain-processing neurons in the dorsal horn without tissue heating.
Hardell L, Mild KH, Carlsberg M. · 2002
Researchers conducted a case-control study of 649 patients aged 20-80 with malignant brain tumours diagnosed between 1997 and 2000 in Sweden, matched with controls from the Swedish Population Register. Overall, no significantly increased risks were found for analogue, digital, or cordless phone use.
Hardell L et al. · 2002
Researchers conducted a case-control study of 1617 patients aged 20 to 80 with histopathologically verified brain tumours diagnosed between 1997 and 2000 in Sweden. Exposure to analogue cellular telephones was assessed by questionnaire and showed an overall increased odds ratio of 1.3 for brain tumours. The risk was higher for tumours on the same side of the head as phone use (OR 2.5) and for acoustic neurinoma (OR 3.5), while no clear association was found for digital or cordless phones.
Hanada E, Hoshino Y, Oyama H, Watanabe Y, Nose Y. · 2002
Researchers tested the effect of wireless LAN communication on medical electronic equipment and the effect of electronic equipment on wireless LAN communication. They observed nine pieces of electronic equipment in operating mode while transmitting radio waves from a wireless LAN. No equipment malfunction occurred even with the access point very close to the equipment surface during data transmission. Medical equipment caused little change in wireless communication effectiveness, but electric knives and a remote patient monitor reduced the reception rate to about 60%. Wireless LAN speed was temporarily reduced only when a microwave oven was close to and facing the access point.
Hanada E et al. · 2002
Hallberg O, Johansson O. · 2002
Researchers extracted exposure-time-specific incidence from exposure and incidence data from 4 different countries and compared it with reported age-specific incidence of melanoma. The exposure-time-specific incidence from all 4 countries became almost identical and approximately equal to the reported age-specific incidence of melanoma. A correlation was found between melanoma incidence and the number of locally receivable FM transmitters.
Frick U, Rehm J, Eichhammer P. · 2002
A survey with random variation of three cognitive factors was performed to investigate risk perception, somatization, and self report of complaints related to electromagnetic fields. Age had no significant linear effect on EMF-related complaints. EMF-related complaints were reported more by females and people with higher somatization tendency.
Edelstyn N, Oldershaw A. · 2002
Thirty-eight healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to an experimental group exposed to a 900 MHz mobile phone for 30 minutes or a control group with the phone switched off. Cognitive performance was assessed before exposure and at 15 and 30 minutes post-exposure using six neuropsychological tests. Significant differences appeared after 5 minutes on digit span forwards, spatial span backwards, and serial subtraction, with performance facilitated in the exposed group.
de Pomerai DI, Dawe A, DjerbibL, Allan, Brunt G, Daniells C. · 2002
Researchers investigated growth rate and maturation proportion in C. elegans exposed to prolonged microwave fields at 25°C in synchronized cultures of wild-type larvae. Microwave exposure significantly increased growth rate by 8–11% and maturation proportion by 28–40%. Mild heat treatment at 28°C decreased growth rate by 10% and almost abolished maturation proportion, showing effects opposite to microwave exposure.
Croft R et al. · 2002
The study tested whether exposure to an active MP affects EEG as a function of time. MP exposure also altered early phase-locked neural responses, attenuating the normal response decrement over time in the 4-8 Hz band, decreasing the response in the 1230 Hz band globally and as a function of time, and increasing midline frontal and lateral posterior responses in the 30-45 Hz band.
Cooper PJ, Zheng Y. · 2002
Burch JB et al. · 2002
Researchers evaluated cellular telephone use and melatonin metabolite excretion in two groups of male electric utility workers. Participants collected urine samples and recorded telephone use over three workdays while personal magnetic field and light exposures were measured. In Study 1, no change in 6-OHMS excretion was observed with daily cellular telephone use over 25 minutes.
Braune S, Riedel A, Schulte-Monting J, Raczek J. · 2002
The study investigated the hypothesis that exposure to EMFs can increase sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity. Forty healthy young males and females underwent a single-blind, placebo-controlled protocol on two different days with randomized EMF and placebo periods. The EMF exposure was a GSM-like signal at 900 MHz, pulsed with 217 Hz, 2 W, delivered by a mobile phone on the right side of the head. Blood pressure, heart rate, cutaneous capillary perfusion, and serum levels of norepinephrine, epinephrine, cortisol, and endothelin were measured. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased about 5 mmHg during the protocol, but the changes were independent of EMF exposure.
Beason RC, Semm P. · 2002
Researchers investigated the effects of a pulsed 900 MHz signal modulated at 217 Hz on avian brain neurons. The stimulation changed neural activity in more than half of the brain cells. 76% of responding cells increased their firing rates by an average of 3.5-fold. The remaining responding cells decreased their spontaneous activity rates. The authors suggested these responses indicate potential effects on humans using hand-held cellular phones.
Auvinen A, Hietanen M, Luukkonen R, Koskela R-S, · 2002
Researchers conducted a register-based case-control study on cellular phone use and cancer. The study included all cases of brain tumor (N = 398) and salivary gland cancer (N = 34) diagnosed in Finland in 1996, with five controls per case. Cellular phone use was not associated with brain tumors or salivary gland cancers overall. There was a weak association between gliomas and analog cellular phones.
