Moszczynski P et al. · 1999
Researchers assessed immunoglobulin concentrations and T lymphocyte subsets in workers occupationally exposed to microwave radiation. Workers at a TV retransmission center and satellite communications center showed increased IgG and IgA concentrations and decreased lymphocyte and T8 cell counts. Radar operators showed elevated IgM concentration and decreased total T8 cell count.
Morrissey JJ et al. · 1999
Researchers investigated the effects of a one-hour exposure of mice to a 1.6-GHz radiofrequency signal, either continuous wave or pulse-modulated at 11 Hz (IRIDIUM), on c-fos gene expression in the brain. C-fos expression was not significantly elevated until exposure levels exceeded six times the peak dose and 30 times the whole-body average dose relative to human cellular telephone exposure limits. The pattern of c-fos elevation in limbic cortex and subcortex areas was consistent with a stress response due to thermal perception and restraint, not a direct interaction of IRIDIUM energy with brain tissue.
Lamble D, Kauranen T, Laakso M, Summala H · 1999
Nineteen participants aged 20 to 29 years drove at 80 km/h, 50 m behind a lead car on a 30 km motorway section. The lead car decelerated at 0.47 m/s² while participants either looked ahead, dialed numbers, or performed a memory and addition task. Detection ability was impaired by about 0.5 s in brake reaction time and almost 1 s in time-to-collision during the non-visual task. This impairment was similar to when drivers divided visual attention by dialing numbers.
Krasil'nikov PM · 1999
The study showed that collective excitations occur in an ionic medium on the surface of lipid membranes. These excitations result from fast lateral ion mobility and high-frequency displacement currents in the Stern layer at the charged membrane surface. This mechanism can induce resonant dipole moments on lipid vesicles, potentially underlying vesicle recognition and autooscillation mode of aggregation in colloidal solution.
Kol'tsov IuV, Korolev VN, Kusakin SA, · 1999
Researchers studied the effect of two-step exposure of bacterial objects to infrared laser and microwave pulse radiations. The effect depends on the time interval between two excitation steps and pulse duration. The biologically active dose of microwave radiation is much lower than that of infrared laser radiation, but laser radiation induces a stronger cellular response. Microwaves enhance the efficiency of infrared laser radiation.
Khudnitskii, SS, Moshkarev, EA, Fomenko, TV, · 1999
The authors studied the influence of ultrahigh frequency radiation from cellular phones on the functional state of the central nervous and cardiovascular systems and on local temperature changes in users. The head area near the phone antenna appeared to be under the most intensive heating, and ultrahigh frequency radiation induced significant changes in local temperature and physiologic parameters of the central nervous and cardiovascular systems.
Kellenyi, L, Thuroczy, G, Faludy, B, Lenard, L · 1999
The study investigated effects of mobile GSM radiotelephone exposure on the auditory brainstem response. A 15-minute exposure to GSM phone radiation caused an increase in auditory brainstem response in the exposed side of human subjects. Subjects also showed a hearing deficiency in the high frequency range of 20 dB from 2 KHz to 10 KHz.
Johnson EH, Chima SC, Muirhead DE · 1999
Researchers examined an adult squirrel monkey with a history of long-term exposure to microwave radiation that had a malignant tumor in the right cerebral cortex. Microscopy showed sheets of moderate-sized cells with clear cytoplasm and central nuclei, resembling an oligodendroglioma, with malignant features including nuclear pleomorphism, mitotic figures, and necrosis. Immunohistochemical analysis supported a neuronal origin with positivity for neurofilament proteins and neuron-specific enolase, while vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein were negative except in reactive astrocytes. The tumor showed strong positivity for Ki-67 antigen and p53 oncoprotein, indicating aggressive malignant nature, and was diagnosed as a cerebral primitive neuroectodermal tumor.
Irgens A, Kruger K, Ulstein M · 1999
The study assessed whether reduced semen quality in infertile couples is associated with occupational exposures known to be hazardous to fertility. Results of the first semen analysis were linked to occupational exposure data from a self-administered questionnaire. Reduced semen quality was found in men exposed to electromagnetic fields with an odds ratio of 3.22 and a confidence interval of 1.46 to 7.09. A tendency toward reduced semen quality was seen in commuters, shift workers, and men exposed to heavy metals. In general, the impact of occupational exposure on semen quality in infertile couples in Norway seemed to be minor, however occupational exposure mapping is still important in individual infertility investigations.
Hladky, A, Musil, J, Roth, Z, Urban, P, Blazkova, V · 1999
Twenty volunteers participated in two experiments using a Motorola GSM 8700 mobile phone. Electromagnetic fields during a 5-minute speaking task did not affect visual evoked potentials. A 6-minute exposure also showed no effect on memory and attention tests, but the phone call itself impaired switching attention performance, significantly worsening response and decision speed.
Hardell et al. · 1999
Researchers conducted a case-control study with 209 brain tumour cases and 425 controls in Sweden. Overall cellular telephone use yielded an odds ratio of 0.98 with a 95% confidence interval. Separate analyses for the digital GSM system and the analogue NMT system gave odds ratios of 0.97 and 0.94 respectively. A non-significantly increased risk was found for tumours in the temporal or occipital lobe on the same side as phone use. The increased risk was only seen for use of the NMT system.
Garaj-Vrhovac, V · 1999
Researchers investigated micronucleus assay and lymphocyte mitotic activity in 12 workers occupationally exposed to microwave radiation. Exposed subjects showed increased micronuclei frequency and disturbances in the distribution of cells over the first, second and third mitotic division compared to controls.
Dreyer NA, Loughlin JE, Rothman KJ · 1999
The initial protocol called for continuing surveillance for mortality. Access to data beyond 1 year was blocked by a class-action lawsuit challenging the legality of monitoring product safety through record linkage.
de Seze R, Ayoub J, Peray P, Miro L, Touitou Y · 1999
Researchers evaluated maximum serum melatonin concentration, time of maximum, and area under the curve of the hormone profile. Thirty-eight men aged 20 to 32 years were exposed to GSM 900 or DCS 1800 phones for 2 hr/day, 5 days/wk, for 4 wk at maximum power. Blood samples were collected hourly during the night and every 3 hr in the daytime across four sessions at 15-day intervals. The melatonin circadian profile was not disrupted by the exposure.
Belousova TE, Kargina-Terent'eva RA · 1999
Researchers examined adrenergic cardiac and adrenal nervous plexuses in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats using quantitative neurohistochemical methods before and after exposure to a Bayur microwave therapy apparatus at 42,194 MHz and 53,534 MHz. Exposure reduced myocardial nerve plexus density and catecholamine luminescence in the heart, and decreased adrenal gland relative weight and catecholamine luminescence in the adrenal medulla of hypertensive rats.
Aniolczyk H, · 1999
The study aimed to observe electromagnetic field patterns in the environment of GSM base stations. It analyzed essential characteristics of the base station antennas from the point of view of radiation intensity.
Afromeev VI, Tkachenko VN · 1999
Researchers studied the content of six lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in the testes of rats exposed to an electromagnetic field of the 3-cm wavelength range. The percent contents of the isoenzymes changed inhomogeneously compared with control animals. The authors assumed that electromagnetic radiation affects the organs of the human urinogenital system.
Adey WR et al. · 1999
Researchers tested an 836.55 MHz NADC-modulated field in a 2-year bioassay with fetal exposure in Fischer 344 rats. Of 236 original rats, 182 (77%) survived to termination at age 709-712 days. There was no evidence of tumorigenic effects in the CNS from TDMA field exposure. Exposed animals showed trends toward reduced incidence of spontaneous CNS tumors (P < 0.16) and ENU-induced CNS tumors (P < 0.16). In preterm rats where neural tumors caused death, fields decreased ENU-induced tumor incidence (P < 0.03).
Van Leeuwen GM et al. · 1999
Researchers evaluated 3D temperature rise in a realistic head model induced by a mobile phone. The power distributions had a maximum averaged SAR over a 10 g volume of approximately 1.6 W kg(-1). Simulations showed a maximum brain temperature rise of 0.11 degrees C for a 0.25 W antenna with indefinite exposure, and the authors noted that temperature rises are far too small to have lasting effects.
Trosic I, Matausicpisl M, Radalj Z, Prlic I, · 1999
The remaining 20 rats served as control. Exposed rats showed a decreasing tendency in total leukocyte and relative lymphocyte counts and a slight increase in granulocyte and erythrocyte counts.
Seaman RL, Belt ML, Doyle JM, Mathur SP · 1999
Researchers investigated the effects of ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulses on L-NAME-induced changes in nociception and locomotor activity in CF-1 mice. Mice were injected with saline or 50 mg/kg L-NAME and exposed for 30 minutes to sham or UWB pulses with specific electric field parameters. UWB exposure eliminated the L-NAME-induced hyperactivity. UWB exposure reduced the L-NAME-induced increase in back-paw-lick latency by 22%, but this reduction was not statistically significant.
Paul Raj R, Behari J, Rao AR · 1999
The effect of exposing rats to amplitude-modulated radiofrequency radiation (112 MHz modulated to 16 Hz) during development and growth was examined. Wistar rats 35 days old exposed at 1.0 mW/cm2 (SAR 0.75 W/kg) for 35 days showed enhanced ornithine decarboxylase activity and Ca2+ efflux in brain.
Lu ST, Mathur SP, Akyel Y, Lee JC · 1999
Researchers exposed male Wistar-Kyoto rats to ultrawide-band electromagnetic pulses at 0.5-kHz and 1-kHz for 6 minutes. They measured cardiovascular functions including heart rate, systolic, mean, and diastolic pressures using a noninvasive tail-cuff sphygmomanometer. Exposure caused a significant decrease in arterial blood pressure that was robust, consistent, and persistent, while heart rate did not change. Cardiovascular functions were evaluated from 45 minutes to 4 weeks after exposure.
Kemerov, S, Marinkev, M, Getova, D · 1999
Researchers exposed 24 Wistar rats to low-intensity electromagnetic fields in the meter, decimeter, and centimeter ranges to compare behavioral effects across those ranges. The rats were irradiated on the head area at a power density of 10 mW/cm2, and conditioned and non-conditioned responses along with spontaneous motor activity were studied using a conventional shuttle box. Exposure to EMFs across all three ranges was associated with slowing of conditioned response formation, with the effect most clearly marked in rats exposed to meter EMFs, while effects of centimeter EMFs were delayed in time. The behavioral effects were mild at athermal dosages and the animals adapted easily to exposure conditions.
E.G Novoselova, E.E Fesenko, V.R Makar, V.B Sadovnikov · 1999
Researchers tested the effect of 8.15–18 GHz microwave radiation at a power density of 1 μW/cm2 on TNF production and immune response. A single 5-hour whole-body exposure induced a significant increase in TNF production in peritoneal macrophages and splenic T cells, and the mitogenic response in T lymphocytes also increased. The activation of cellular immunity was observed within 3 days after exposure. A diet containing β-carotene, α-tocopherol, and ubiquinone Q9 increased the activity of macrophages and T cells from irradiated mice.
