Unknown authors · 1999
Researchers exposed HBL-100 cells and normal human mammary epithelial cells to 60 Hz EMF at flux densities of 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 Gauss for periods ranging from 20 min to 24 h. Gene expression was quantitated using ribonuclease protection assays. EMF exposure had no statistically significant effect on basal levels of c-myc transcripts in either human breast cell model, and had no effect on alterations in c-myc expression induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Transcript levels of c-erbB-2, p53, p21, GADD45, bax, bcl-x, mcl-1, and c-fos were also unaffected by EMF exposure.
Unknown authors · 1999
Researchers exposed groups of 100 female Sprague-Dawley rats to 50 Hz magnetic fields at 1 or 5 G, or 60 Hz at 1 G, for 18.5 hours a day, 7 days a week, for 13 weeks after initiating mammary tumors with DMBA. A second study used a lower DMBA dose of 2 mg and exposed rats to 50 Hz fields at 1 or 5 G for the same duration. Magnetic field exposure did not affect body weight, tumor latency, or tumor size in either study, and the authors concluded there was no evidence that 50 or 60 Hz fields promoted breast cancer.
Unknown authors · 1999
Researchers exposed HL-60 cells to a sinusoidal 0.1 or 1 mT magnetic field at 60 Hz for 2 hours and then pulse-labeled them with radioactive isotopes. In control cultures without magnetic field exposure, the cognate form of stress protein 72c was faintly observed, and 0.1 mT exposure did not alter stress protein metabolism compared to controls. At 1 mT, the inducible form of stress protein 70i was synthesized, stress protein 90 was phosphorylated but not synthesized, and stress protein 27 isoforms a and b were induced. Statistical analysis of Western blot data confirmed a significant increase in stress proteins 90 and 27a after 1 mT exposure.
Unknown authors · 1999
Researchers modeled and measured how 222Rn decay product aerosols behave in the 50 Hz electric field under high voltage power lines to assess increased exposure to airborne pollutants. The model predicted a two- to three-fold increase in aerosol deposition on spherical surfaces mimicking the human head. Experimental measurements using detectors on grounded metal spheres confirmed enhanced deposition of both 218Po and 214Po aerosols. Enhanced 218Po deposition on 400 kV lines ranged from 1.96 to 2.86 times, while 214Po deposition on 275 kV and 132 kV lines was 1.43 and 1.11 times, with the latter not significant.
Unknown authors · 1999
Researchers conducted a population-based case-control study across England, Wales, and Scotland. They measured household and school magnetic fields for 2226 matched case-control pairs and estimated average exposure in the year before diagnosis. For children with mean exposures above 0.2 microT compared to below 0-1 microT, the adjusted odds ratio for all malignant disease combined was 0.87 (95% CI 0.56-1.35).
Vijayalaxmi et al. · 1999
Peripheral blood and bone marrow smears were examined for micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes at 18 and 24 hours after exposure. No statistically significant differences were found in micronuclei frequency or percentage of polychromatic erythrocytes between exposed mice and controls.
Tuschl et al. · 1999
Different kinds of field probes were used to measure electric and magnetic field strength and the whole body exposure of medical personnel operating shortwave, decimeter wave and microwave units was calculated. The study recorded a considerable excess of recommended exposure limits in the vicinity of shortwave diathermy devices used for medical treatment of patients. Eighteen exposed and thirteen control persons, matched by sex and age, were examined, and total leucocyte and lymphocyte counts were performed and leucocytic subpopulations determined by flow cytometry and monoclonal antibodies against surface antigens. Lymphocytes were stimulated by mitogen phytohemagglutinin and their proliferation measured by a flow cytometric method.
Nelson BK, Snyder DL, Shaw PB · 1999
The purpose was to determine if synergistic effects of radiofrequency radiation and 2-methoxyethanol generalize to other chemicals. Rats received salicylic acid at 0, 250, or 350 mg/kg by gavage on gestation day 9 or 13. Rats given salicylic acid on day 9 were exposed to radiofrequency radiation sufficient to maintain colonic temperature at 41 degrees C for 60 minutes or received a sham exposure, while those given salicylic acid on day 13 also received 0 or 100 mg/kg 2-methoxyethanol by gavage. Fetuses were examined for external malformations on gestation day 20.
Mineta M et al. · 1999
Researchers exposed Salmonella typhimurium tester strains to a 6.3 Tesla magnetic field with RF radiation for up to 60 minutes. They used TA98 and TA7001-7006 mixed strains to detect frameshift and point mutations. The rates of revertant mutation were not statistically significant in either strain.
Miller SA, Bronson ME, Murphy MR · 1999
Linz et al. · 1999
Researchers tested the effects of radio frequency fields at 180, 900, and 1800 MHz on the electrical properties of isolated ventricular myocytes from guinea pigs and rats. The fields were applied using rectangular waveguides or a TEM cell at specific absorption rates up to 880 mW/kg, with 900 and 1800 MHz signals pulsed to the GSM standard. None of the tested electrophysiological parameters, including membrane potential, action potential, L-type calcium current, and potassium currents, were significantly changed by RF exposure. Lowering the temperature from 36°C to 24°C reduced current amplitude by almost 50% and shifted voltage dependence by about 5 mV, but RF exposure at the lower temperature still did not affect L-type calcium current.
Li et al. · 1999
Researchers exposed human fibroblast cells to 837 MHz continuous microwaves for 2 hours at SAR levels of 0.9 or 9.0 W/kg. TP53 protein levels were measured by Western blot at 2, 8, 24, and 48 hours after exposure. No significant changes in TP53 protein expression were found in exposed cells compared to sham or untreated cells at any time point. No morphological alterations were observed in microwave-treated cells compared to sham-treated cells.
Kues HA, D'Anna SA, Osiander R, Green WR, Monahan JC · 1999
Researchers examined ocular effects of 60 GHz millimeter-wave exposure at 10 mW/cm(2) in rabbits and nonhuman primates. Acute exposure consisted of a single 8 h exposure, and repeated exposure consisted of five separate 4 h exposures on consecutive days. One eye in each animal was exposed and the contralateral eye served as the sham-exposed control. No ocular changes attributable to exposure were found in either species after microscopic and diagnostic examinations. The researchers concluded that such exposure does not result in detectable ocular damage.
Jauchem JR, Frei MR, Ryan KL, Merritt JH, Murphy MR · 1999
The study investigated the lack of effects on heart rate and blood pressure in ketamine-anesthetized rats briefly exposed to ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulses. Exposures at a repetition frequency of 1 kHz for 0.5 s or to repetitive pulse trains for a total of 2 min resulted in no significant changes in heart rate or mean arterial blood pressure. These results suggest that acute whole-body exposure to UWB pulses does not have a detrimental effect on the cardiovascular system.
Higashikubo R et al. · 1999
Researchers exposed Fischer 344 rats implanted with 9L gliosarcoma cells to 835.62 MHz FMCW or 847.74 MHz CDMA fields with a nominal brain specific absorption rate of 0.75 +/- 0.25 W/kg. The animals were exposed for 4 hours a day, 5 days a week, starting 4 weeks before tumor implantation and continuing up to 150 days after. Sham-exposed rats injected with 2 to 10 cells had a median survival of 70 days with 27% surviving to 150 days; those with 11 to 36 cells had a median survival of 52 days and 14% final survival; those with 37 to 100 cells had a median survival of 45 days and 0% survival. Statistical comparison showed no significant differences in survival curves between RF-exposed and sham-exposed animals in any of the three cell-dose groups.
Goswami PC et al. · 1999
Researchers exposed C3H 10T 1/2 mouse embryo fibroblasts to 835.62 MHz FMCW or 847.74 MHz CDMA microwaves at an average SAR of 0.6 W/kg and measured proto-oncogene expression. The exposures did not alter proto-oncogene expression kinetics after serum stimulation, nor did they change Jun and Myc mRNA levels or AP1, AP2, and NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity during the transition to plateau phase. However, 835.62 MHz FMCW exposure increased Fos mRNA about 2-fold in exponential and plateau-phase cells, and 847.74 MHz CDMA exposure increased it 1.4-fold.
Chagnaud, JL, Moreau, JM, Veyret, B · 1999
Two-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated by injection of benzo(a)pyrene and irradiated with GSM (Global System for Mobile)-modulated 900-MHz microwaves in an anechoic chamber at 55 or 200 mu W cm-2 (75 and 270mWkg-1 average whole-body SAR, 2h daily for 2 weeks). Microwave exposure had no effect on tumour development, no acceleration or delays in tumour onset were observed, and animal survival was not modified while serum auto-antibody levels were similar in exposed and sham-exposed groups.
Chagnaud JL, Veyret B · 1999
Researchers investigated the effects of GSM-modulated microwaves on lymphocyte sub-populations and mitogenic responses in Sprague-Dawley rats. No alterations were found in the surface phenotype of splenic lymphocytes or in their mitogenic activity.
Wu Y, Jia Y, Guo Y, Zheng Z · 1999
Wistar rats were divided into four groups with three exposure groups and one control group, and learning was measured with a Y-maze followed by neurotransmitter detection in brain areas. Learning ability decreased in exposure groups over three days of EMP exposure compared with controls. After one day, hippocampal 5-HT and DOPAC increased and hypothalamic dopamine increased while hypothalamic Adr decreased; after the second day, hippocampal Adr and 5-HT reduced; after the third day, hippocampal Adr remained lower than control.
Velizarov, S, Raskmark, P, Kwee, S, · 1999
Researchers exposed cell cultures to a GSM 960 MHz field in a TEM cell at 39°C and 35°C. Exposed cells showed a significant change in proliferation compared to non-exposed controls at both temperatures. Sham-exposed cells showed no significant change in proliferation at either temperature.
Trigano AJ, Azoulay A, Rochdi M, Campillo · 1999
Researchers evaluated electromagnetic interference of external pacemakers by walkie-talkies and digital cellular telephones. They tested nine widely used external pacemakers from four manufacturers using a digital oscilloscope to record pacemaker pulses and electromagnetic interference separately. Various disturbances including pacing inhibition and asynchronous pacing were observed in eight pacemakers by the PMR walkie-talkie, in four by the GSM phone, and in two by the DCS phone. The maximum distance that interference persisted ranged from 10 to 200 cm.
Sidorenko AV · 1999
Researchers used the nonlinear dynamics method together with the spectral correlation method to process animal electrocorticograms. They found that the nonlinear dynamics method may be used to analyze electrocorticograms in different functional states, confirmed by increased correlation dimensionality in animals exposed to microwaves or given strychnine. Correlation dimensionality serves as a numerical criterion for comparing dynamic states of the system.
Sakakibara Y, Mitsui T · 1999
The aim of this study was to evaluate the kinds of EMI which affect the quality of life of PM patients. Researchers surveyed 1,942 pacemaker patients and received responses from 1,567 (80.7%). The main concerns were mobile telephones at 39%, MRI at 17%, and other sources including kitchen appliances, automobile engines, and high voltage power lines.
Preece et al. · 1999
Thirty-six participants completed a randomized three-way crossover study with two training sessions and three test sessions. The only cognitive measure that changed was choice reaction time, which became faster, while word, number, picture recall and spatial memory were unchanged.
Occhetta E, Plebani L, Bortnik M, Sacchetti G, Trevi G · 1999
Researchers tested 30 patients with various ICD models for interference from TACS and GSM cellular telephones. Phones were placed near the programming head, near the leads, and in the patient's hands during call, reception, and conversation modes. All ICD models showed significant telemetry noise when the phone was near the programming head, especially during call and reception, often causing loss of telemetry. No false arrhythmia detections occurred with phones on the ICD, near leads, or in hands, and ventricular fibrillation detection remained accurate during induced arrhythmia with phones in reception mode.
