Pavel A, Ungureanu CE, Bara II, Gassner P, Creanga DE · 1998
Researchers exposed wheat seeds with uniform genetic background to a microwave flow at 9.75 GHz and low intensity at various doses. Compared to controls, exposed seeds showed chromosomal aberrations including delayed chromosomes, micronuclei, interchromosomal bridges, and chromosomal fragments. The effects of microwaves at various doses on mitotic activity were also followed.
Obukhan KI · 1998
Nelson BK, Conover DL, Krieg EF Jr, Snyder DL, Edwards RM · 1998
Researchers tested whether environmental temperature changes the interactive developmental toxicity of radiofrequency radiation and 2-methoxyethanol. Environmental temperature affected the specific absorption rate needed to maintain a given colonic temperature but did not affect the interactive developmental toxicity. The results add to evidence that developmental toxicity of radiofrequency radiation is associated with colonic temperature, not with specific absorption rate. Fetuses were examined for external malformations on gestation day 20.
Kwee S, Raskmark P · 1998
Researchers exposed transformed human epithelial amnion cells to 960 MHz microwave fields at three power levels and three exposure times using a TEM cell. Cell growth was reduced in exposed cells compared to control and sham-exposed cells. The proliferation response varied with SAR level and exposure duration, showing a linear correlation between power level and growth change. At lower power levels, a longer exposure time was needed to reach the maximum effect, and repeated exposures did not alter the outcome.
Johnson Liakouris AG · 1998
In this study, the controversy was evaluated with a methodology adapted from case studies. A review of the Lilienfeld Study found that disregarded health conditions match the radiofrequency sickness syndrome cluster, establishing a possible correlation with chronic exposure to low-intensity modulated microwave radiation. The author reviewed U.S. literature and found research results sufficiently consistent to warrant further inquiry.
Irnich W, Tobisch R · 1998
Researchers investigated the influence of mobile telephones on life-saving and life-support systems in hospitals to establish rules for their use. They tested phones from C-, D-, and E-networks and a DECT cordless phone against 224 medical devices of 23 types using nine transmission conditions for a total of 2016 tests. The authors found that hazardous situations are very rare because they require four simultaneous coincidences and the fail-safe feature of medical devices. They recommended making life-support systems mobile phone-proof, keeping mobile phones at least one metre from medical devices, and keeping emergency telephones at least 1.5 metres away.
Hocking, B · 1998
Researchers conducted a survey to characterize symptoms associated with mobile phone usage. Forty respondents from diverse occupations described unpleasant sensations such as a burning feeling or a dull ache mainly occurring in the temporal, occipital or auricular areas. The symptoms often began minutes after beginning a call and usually ceased within an hour after the call, though they could last until evening. Seventy-five per cent of cases were associated with digital mobile phones. Most of the respondents obtained relief by altering their patterns of telephone usage or type of phone.
Hardell L, Nasman A, Ohlson CG, Fredrikson M. · 1998
The case-control study enrolled 148 cases (91% response) and 314 controls (87% response), including 101 seminoma and 47 embryonal testicular cancer cases. Occupational plastics work yielded an odds ratio of 2.9 with a 95% confidence interval of 1.3-6.5. Farming (OR 3.1, CI 1.03-9.1) and contact with farm animals (OR 3.3, CI 1.00-10.9) increased risk for embryonal cancer but not for seminoma. Exposure to insect repellents, mostly containing DEET, gave an odds ratio of 1.7 (CI 1.03-2.8) for all testicular cancer with a dose-response effect. Video display unit work gave an odds ratio of 1.5 (CI 0.98-2.3), and for 480 working days (median) the odds ratio increased to 1.8 (CI 1.1-3.2).
Hanson Mild et al. · 1998
Grisanti G et al. · 1998
Researchers studied bioelectromagnetic effects induced by TACS phones on the auditory system. Modulated electromagnetic fields modified distortion products in about all examined subjects. The method used registration of evoked otoacoustic emissions, both transient and distortion products.
Glenister H · 1998
The study aimed to investigate how mobile phones affect electromedical devices. The Medical Devices Agency found emergency services' radio handsets were the most likely to cause interference. The agency recommends switching off cell telephones in theatres, treatment areas, and at patients' bedsides where sensitive medical devices are in use.
Freude, G, Ullsperger, P, Eggert ,S, Ruppe, I · 1998
Researchers studied the influence of electromagnetic fields emitted by cellular phones on preparatory slow brain potentials in healthy male subjects using two experimental tasks. Both tasks were performed with and without EMF exposure in counterbalanced order. Subjects' performance did not differ between exposure conditions, but EMF exposure significantly decreased slow brain potentials at central and temporo-parieto-occipital regions during the visual monitoring task and did not affect the Bereitschaftspotential in the finger movement task.
Eulitz, C, Ullsperger, P, Freude, G, Elbert ,T · 1998
The study aimed to investigate how mobile phones modulate response patterns of human brain activity. The researchers found that pulsed high-frequency electromagnetic fields from mobile phones alter induced but not evoked brain activity in higher frequency bands during processing of task-relevant target stimuli, with no effect for irrelevant standard stimuli. The authors suggest that PEMF exposure may provide a means to systematically alter pattern fluctuations in neural mass activity.
Duan L, Shan Y, Yu X · 1998
Researchers studied the effects of high-frequency radiation exposure on neurobehavioral function in workers. Four neurobehavioral functions were tested using the WHO-recommended Neurobehavioral Core Tests Battery. Exposed workers had significantly lower scores on various indicators compared to controls, and these scores correlated with neurasthenia detection to some extent.
Ding G, Xie X, Zhang L et al. · 1998
Researchers studied the distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression in the hippocampus and cerebellum of rats after exposure to electromagnetic pulse (EMP). The number of NOS-positive neurons and staining intensity in the hippocampus decreased at 1.5 and 24 hours after exposure. At 48 hours, the number of NOS-positive neurons returned to control levels, but staining intensity remained lower. NOS expression in the cerebellum showed no obvious changes. The authors suggest that decreased hippocampal NOS expression relates to learning and memory obstruction after EMP exposure.
Daniells et al. · 1998
Researchers used transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans strain PC72 carrying a heat-shock promoter driving a beta-galactosidase reporter gene. The nematodes were exposed in a transverse electromagnetic cell at 750 MHz and 27 dBm, with the cell held at 25°C in a shielded incubator. Significant stress responses were observed at 2 and 16 hours but not at 4 or 8 hours. Lower power levels of 21 dBm produced greater responses than 27 dBm at both 750 and 300 MHz, a pattern opposite to that expected from simple heating. In a 5 x 5 multiwell plate, wells in rows nearest the exposure showed the strongest response, while the most distant row did not rise above control levels, suggesting a shadow effect.
Chiang H · 1998
The study aimed to investigate microwave and ELF electromagnetic field effects on intercellular communication. The mechanism of gap junctional intercellular communication inhibition by ELF magnetic fields may involve hyperphosphorylation of connexins by protein kinase C, not transcriptional or translational dysregulation.
Braune, S, Wrocklage, C, Raczek, J, Gailus, T, Lucking, CH · 1998
The study enrolled seven healthy men and three women volunteers aged 26 to 36 years in a single-blind placebo-controlled design. Participants were exposed to a GSM 900 MHz signal at 2 Watt with a 217 Hz frame repetition rate for 35 min per session. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded continuously with a Finapres device, while capillary perfusion was measured with an infrared plethysmograph on the right hand.
Bergdahl J, Tillberg A, Stenman E. · 1998
Twenty-eight consecutive patients with symptoms allegedly caused by electricity or visual display units were odontologically investigated using a specially designed registration form. The most common oral and general symptoms reported were burning mouth, craniomandibular dysfunction symptoms, skin complaints, and fatigue. Urinary mercury analysis showed a mean concentration of 8.5 nmol Hg/L urine, with no patient exceeding 50 nmol Hg/L. Urinary mercury concentration correlated positively with the number of amalgam fillings and with craniomandibular disorders. No or low secretion of the minor mucous glands was found in 43% of the patients.
Bassen HI, Moore HJ, Ruggera PS · 1998
An in vitro study tested three ICD models for susceptibility to electromagnetic interference from two digital cellular phones and one analog cellular phone operating at maximum output power. All digital cellular phones produced electromagnetic interference to varying degrees. TDMA-modulated digital phones caused the most pronounced effects, including high-voltage firing and inhibition of pacing output. Interference occurred only when phones were within 2.3–5.8 cm of the ICD pulse generator submerged 0.5 cm in 0.18% saline, and performance returned to baseline when phones were removed.
Walters TJ et al. · 1998
Researchers measured hypothalamic, cortical, tympanic, and rectal temperatures in rats exposed to 2.06 GHz microwave radiation at two power densities. The high-power density was 1700 mW/cm² with specific absorption rates of 1224 W/kg in hypothalamus and 493 W/kg in cortex, while the low-power density was 170 mW/cm² with SARs of 122.4 W/kg and 49.3 W/kg. During high-power exposure, the hypothalamic temperature rose significantly faster than cortical or rectal temperatures, whereas low-power exposure produced more uniform heating. For comparison, warm-water immersion produced uniform heating, while warm ambient exposure and exercise maintained the pre-existing temperature gradient between hypothalamus and cortex.
Szmigielski et al. · 1998
The study enrolled 61 workers exposed to radiofrequency EMF (0.738-1.503 Mhz) and 42 unexposed controls, all following identical 12-24-12-48 hour shift schedules. Exposed workers were divided into low-intensity (20-180 V/m, 38 subjects) and high-intensity (200-550 V/m, 23 subjects) groups. Exposed workers had significantly reduced rhythm amplitudes (P < 0.01) and an earlier acrophase at 1100-1200 h (P < 0.05) for blood pressure and heart rate, with more pronounced effects in the high-intensity group. Diurnal rhythm parameters were derived from 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure recordings using cosinor analysis. The authors conclude that occupational RF EMF exposure can alter diurnal cardiovascular rhythms, but clinical relevance needs further investigation.
Nakamura et al. · 1998
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to microwaves at 2 mW/cm2, 2450 MHz for 90 minutes and measured natural killer cell activity and beta-endorphin levels. Microwave exposure raised colonic temperature and increased beta-endorphin in blood and anterior pituitary but did not change corticosterone. Naloxone administered before exposure increased natural killer cell activity and beta-endorphin in blood and placenta of pregnant rats.
Mickley GA, Cobb BL · 1998
Tolerant rats showed significantly lower hyperthermia on Day 2 and explored the novel object similarly to sham-exposed rats, whereas non-tolerant rats did not show a preference for the new object. Naltrexone (10 mg/kg) administered just before exposure blocked the hyperthermia-induced discrimination deficit in non-tolerant rats, making their exploration pattern resemble that of tolerant and sham-exposed animals.
Loscher W, Kas G, · 1998
Researchers observed behavioral abnormalities, reduced milk yield, and increased health problems in a herd of cows near a TV and cell phone transmitting antenna over two years. Evaluation of possible factors found no explanation other than high-frequency electromagnetic fields. In an experiment, a cow with abnormal behavior was moved 20 km from the antenna and normalized completely within five days, but symptoms returned when the cow was brought back. The researchers suggested the abnormalities might be related to electromagnetic field exposure, with power densities measured at 0.02-7 mW/m2.
