Browse 6,486 peer-reviewed studies on electromagnetic field health effects from 4 research libraries.
Showing all 6,486 studies
Unknown authors · 1998
They identified 699 female breast cancer cases and 9 male cases, with one matched control per female case and eight per male case. In women younger than 50 at diagnosis, the relative risk was 1.8 (95% CI 0.7-4.3). Among estrogen receptor-positive women younger than 50, the relative risk increased to 7.4 (95% CI 1.0-178.1).
Unknown authors · 1998
The authors reviewed 23 studies published since their 1993 review of 55 studies plus six additional earlier studies. Three attempts to replicate previously reported positive results were unsuccessful. Negative studies in several exposure categories met the quality criteria.
Unknown authors · 1998
Researchers conducted a nationwide mortality study of 21,236 men employed in Danish utility companies between 1900 and 1993. Causes of death from 1974 through 1993 were analyzed by latency and estimated 50-Hz electromagnetic field exposure. Overall mortality was slightly lower than expected with a standardized mortality ratio of 0.96 (95% confidence interval 0.93-0.99). A twofold increase in ALS mortality was observed based on 14 deaths and increased with time since first employment, while a tenfold increase in electrical accident mortality was based on 10 deaths.
Unknown authors · 1998
Researchers assessed whether a 60-Hz magnetic field at 0.1 mT could reproduce earlier reported transcription changes in c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc oncogenes in CEM-CM3 cells. Cells were exposed for 15, 30, 60, or 120 minutes to the field or to a sham condition with coils in bucking mode. Transcription rates measured by nuclear run-on assay and transcript levels measured by Northern analysis showed no significant difference between exposed and sham or control cells at any time point.
Unknown authors · 1998
There have been numerous recent reports of headaches occurring in association with the use of hand-held cellular telephones. In all three lines of research, the microwave energy used was approximately the same in frequencies, modulations, and incident energies as that emitted by present day cellular telephones.
Wagner, P, Roschke, J, Mann, K, Hiller, W, Frank, C · 1998
Researchers recorded all-night polysomnographies of 24 healthy male subjects with and without exposure to a circularly polarized 900 MHz pulsed electromagnetic field at 0.2 W/m². Suppression of REM sleep and a sleep-inducing effect under field exposure did not reach statistical significance, so previous results indicating alterations of these sleep parameters could not be replicated. Spectral power analysis also did not reveal any alterations of the EEG rhythms during EMF exposure.
Urban, P, Lukas, E, Roth, Z · 1998
Researchers performed a pilot study of acute exposure to a GSM mobile phone using visual evoked potentials as a marker of central nervous system dysfunction. No statistically significant influence on VEP latencies or amplitudes was observed.
Seaman RL, Belt ML, Doyle JM, Mathur SP · 1998
Researchers exposed CF-1 and C57BL/6 mice to ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulses and then tested nociception and locomotor activity. No effect of the pulses was found on nociception or activity in CF-1 mice after exposures of 15, 30, or 45 minutes at 600 pulses per second or 30 minutes at 60 pulses per second. Similarly, no effect was seen in C57BL/6 mice after 30 minutes at 60 or 600 pulses per second. Morphine-modified nociception and activity also showed no significant change after UWB exposure.
Schrader et al. · 1998
Researchers conducted a follow-up study of semen quality in soldiers with different military assignments at Fort Hood, Texas. Thirty-three men were exposed to radar in Signal Corps operations, 57 men fired the 155-mm howitzer with potential lead exposure, and 103 men served as controls with neither exposure. Hormone levels and complete semen analyses were measured, and no statistical differences were observed in any semen quality measurement. Results for howitzer firing agreed with previous studies showing no semen quality deficits, but radar exposure results contradicted an earlier report of decreased sperm numbers. The authors concluded that more data are needed to evaluate the relationship between military radar and male reproductive health.
Schonborn F, Burkhardt M, Kuster N · 1998
In order to investigate the differences in absorption between adults and children due to their differing anatomies, simulations were performed using head phantoms based on MRI scans of an adult and two children aged 3 and 7 years. Ten different tissue types were distinguished and all simulations were performed using a commercial code based on the finite integration technique. The differences in absorption were investigated for the frequencies of 900 MHz and 1,800 MHz using 0.45 lambda dipoles instead of actual mobile phones. The results revealed no significant differences in the absorption of electromagnetic radiation in the near field of sources between adults and children.
Pakhomova ON, Belt ML, Mathur SP, Lee JC, Akyel Y · 1998
Researchers exposed yeast cells to UV radiation followed by ultra-wide band electromagnetic pulses. The UWB pulses had intensities of 101-104 kV/m, 1.0 ns width, 165 ps rise time, and repetition rates of 0 Hz (sham), 16 Hz, or 600 Hz. The effect was evaluated by colony-forming ability on complete and selective media and the number of aberrant colonies. The experiments found no effect of UWB exposure on UV-induced reciprocal and non-reciprocal recombination, mutagenesis, or cell survival.
Min ST, Redelmeier DA · 1998
Researchers used ecologic analysis to evaluate cellular telephone use and motor vehicle collisions in Toronto, Ontario, studying 75 hazardous locations with 3,234 total collisions from 1984 to 1993. Locations with the largest increases in collision rates tended to have the smallest increases in estimated cellular telephone usage. Extreme assumptions about potential protective effects from cellular telephones failed to explain the magnitude observed.
Mann et al. · 1998
Researchers exposed healthy humans to a 900 MHz pulsed electromagnetic field (217 Hz, 0.02 mW/cm²) and measured nocturnal hormone profiles of growth hormone, cortisol, luteinizing hormone, and melatonin under polysomnographic control. Cortisol showed a slight, transient elevation that persisted for one hour after exposure onset. No significant changes were found for growth hormone, luteinizing hormone, or melatonin, and sleep EEG showed no significant alterations, though there was a trend toward REM suppression.
Mann, K, Roschke, J, Connemann, B, Beta, H · 1998
The influence of pulsed high-frequency electromagnetic fields emitted by digital mobile radio telephones on heart rate during sleep in healthy humans was investigated. For most parameters, significant differences between different sleep stages were found. Under the given experimental conditions, autonomic control of heart rate was not affected by weak-pulsed high-frequency electromagnetic fields.
Jimenez A et al. · 1998
Partial loss of telemetry occurred in 14 patients, with 8 using analog phones and 6 using digital phones, and alterations were seen on surface ECG and intracavitary channels. In vitro testing showed normal defibrillator sensing during simulated arrhythmias and no oversensing, undersensing, reprogramming, pacing inhibition, or inappropriate therapies. The authors concluded that mobile phone use appears safe for defibrillator patients provided the phone is kept at least 15 cm from the device.
Imaida K et al. · 1998
Researchers exposed male F344 rats to a 929.2 MHz electromagnetic near-field for 90 minutes a day, five days a week, over six weeks. The exposed rats showed no significant difference in GST-P positive foci numbers or areas compared to sham-exposed rats. Maximum local specific absorption rates were 7.2 to 6.6 W/kg in the whole body and 2.0 to 1.7 W/kg in the liver.
Imaida et al. · 1998
Researchers exposed male F344 rats to a 1.439 GHz TDMA electromagnetic near-field for 90 minutes a day, 5 days a week, over 6 weeks. The rats were initiated with diethylnitrosamine and underwent partial hepatectomy at week 3. Peak liver SARs ranged from 1.91 to 0.937 W/kg and whole-body average SARs from 0.680 to 0.453 W/kg at 0.33 W antenna power. Exposure did not significantly alter the numbers or areas of GST-P-positive foci in the liver compared to sham-exposed rats. Serum levels of corticosterone, ACTH, and melatonin were increased in exposed rats.
Frei et al. · 1998
Researchers exposed 100 C3H/HeJ mice to continuous-wave 2450 MHz RF radiation at 1.0 W/kg for 78 weeks, 20 hours per day, 7 days per week, while 100 mice were sham-exposed. There was no significant difference in mammary tumor incidence between exposed mice (38%) and sham-exposed mice (30%). Latency to tumor onset was similar: 62.5 weeks for exposed mice and 62.0 weeks for sham-exposed mice. Histopathological evaluation found no significant difference in malignant, metastatic, or benign neoplasms between groups.
Fetter JG, Ivans V, Benditt DG, Collins J, · 1998
Researchers tested whether NADC/TDMA-50 digital telephones interfere with Medtronic ICDs in 41 patients. No ICDs in the 41 patients were affected by electromagnetic interference from the telephone during the in vivo study. In vitro antenna-generated field testing showed GSM and TDMA-50 modulation frequencies did not cause ICD sensing interference at predicted electric field intensity. Near-field tests with analog and digital phones in service or test mode also showed no interaction with normal ICD operation. However, a static magnetic field from a phone placed within 0.5 cm of the ICD activated the reed switch, temporarily suspending ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation detection.
Dmoch A, Moszczynski P · 1998
de Seze R, Fabbro-Peray P, Miro L · 1998
Researchers measured adrenocorticotropin, thyrotropin, growth hormone, prolactin, luteinizing hormone, and follicle stimulating hormone in nine weekly blood samples taken from three weeks before exposure to two weeks after. Five of the six hormones showed no difference across samples, while thyrotropin decreased 21% on the seventh sample but returned to baseline afterward.
Malyapa RS et al. · 1998
Researchers exposed male Sprague-Dawley rats to 2450 MHz continuous-wave microwaves for two hours at 1.2 W/kg specific absorption rate. No significant differences in DNA damage were found between sham-exposed and irradiated rats in either the cerebral cortex or hippocampus, regardless of euthanasia method. Rats euthanized by CO2 asphyxia showed more intrinsic DNA damage and greater experiment-to-experiment variation than those euthanized by guillotine. The authors concluded that guillotine euthanasia is the most appropriate method for DNA damage studies. The study did not confirm previous reports of DNA damage from 2450 MHz microwave exposure.
Shckorbatov YG et al. · 1998
Researchers studied changes in electrokinetic properties and heterochromatin granules in human buccal epithelium cell nuclei under electromagnetic fields in vitro. Cells were irradiated using a semiconductor generator at 42.2 GHz (7.1 mm wavelength) with a Yav-1 apparatus. Irradiation decreased nuclear electric charge and increased chromatin condensation, with effects varying by dose and donor.
Michelozzi P, Ancona C, Fusco D, Forastiere F, Perucci CA · 1998
Researchers conducted a small area study to investigate a leukemia cluster near a high-power radio transmitter in a peripheral area of Rome. Leukemia mortality within 3.5 km (5,863 inhabitants) was higher than expected (SMR=2.5, 95% confident interval 1.07-4.83). The excess was due to a significant higher mortality among men (7 cases observed, SMR=3.5). Stone's test adjusted for socio-economic confounding showed a significant decline in risk with distance from the transmitter only among men (p=0.005), while the p-value for both sexes was 0.07.
Schlegel RE, Grant FH, Raman S, Reynolds D · 1998
Researchers tested 29 pacemaker models with five phone standards in a large-scale in-vitro study. Only a few pacemaker models accounted for most interactions. One phone technology produced interactions in 21% of tests, while other standards caused little or no interaction. The study also found that phone orientation and the presence of an injected ECG signal influenced interactions. The study supports the recommendation to maintain a separation distance of at least 6 inches between pacemakers and wireless phones.