Chou CK, McDougall JA, Can KW · 1995
Researchers tested the possibility of tissue heating from an auditory brainstem implant and a modified cochlear implant during MRI using a full-sized human phantom with simulated skull, brain, and muscle. Thermograms were taken before and after a 26-minute MRI scan with 94 excitations and 25 ms echo time set to induce maximum radiofrequency heating. Results showed no observable heating associated with either implant during worst-case MRI of the head.
Rittweger J, Lambertz M, Kluge W, Kramer K, Langhorst P · 1995
The study examined magnetoencephalogram, heart frequency and ventilatory parameters before and after occipital application of the fields. Differences in these measures indicated that the effects can be explained by an influence on the common brainstem system.
Reiser H, Dimpfel W, Schober F · 1995
Researchers conducted a single-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled study with 36 volunteers. Volunteers were exposed to a MEGA-WAVE therapy instrument and a mobile digital telephone, and also underwent a no-exposure control. The MEGA-WAVE instrument increased EEG power in Alpha2, Beta1, and Beta2 bands during and after exposure. The mobile telephone increased EEG power in the same bands after a delay of about 15 minutes.
Kaliada TV et al. · 1995
Kakita Y et al. · 1995
Researchers studied the effect of microwave irradiation on the survival of bacteriophage PL-1 specific for Lactobacillus casei using a commercial 2,450 MHz microwave oven. Phage inactivation followed almost first-order reaction kinetics and was unaffected by continuous versus intermittent irradiation or phage concentration but was affected by suspension volume which prevented heat loss. Phage genome DNA breakage was primarily caused by heat generated by microwave irradiation, while the same temperature from external heat did not affect phage DNA.
Fesenko EE, Geletyuk VI, Kazachenko VN, Chemeris NK · 1995
Researchers observed that preliminary microwave irradiation of water solutions changes their channel-modifying activity. The irradiated solution acquires new properties important for channel activity and retains this state for at least 10-20 minutes after irradiation ends. The data suggest the field's effects on channels are mediated at least partially by changes in solution properties. Similar changes in open probability occurred when a control bath solution was replaced with a microwave-irradiated solution of the same composition (100 mmol/l KCl with Ca2+ added) after 20-30 minutes of irradiation.
Belokhvostov AS et al. · 1995
The study aimed to investigate DNA analysis of retroposon-like genetic LINE elements in blood plasma of rats exposed to radio-diapason electromagnetic waves. The elevation of LINE-elements' DNA level was revealed in blood plasma of rats exposed to electromagnetic waves. The amount of full-size 5'-containing LINE-elements copies was increased especially. The researchers supposed a connection of this effect with retrotransposon activation and genetic instability condition of organism development.
Yoshida Y et al. · 1995
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to whole-body microwaves at 10 mW/cm2 and 2,450 MHz and measured placental blood flow and five endocrine indicators. Placental blood flow at 45-90 minutes after exposure was significantly decreased in exposed rats. Microwave exposure increased corticosterone and decreased estradiol regardless of angiotensin II pretreatment, increased progesterone and prostaglandin F2 alpha without pretreatment, and did not change prostaglandin E2. Pretreatment with angiotensin II increased placental blood flow at 15 and 30 minutes, but this effect was absent in microwave-exposed rats.
Semin IuA, Shvartsburg LK, Dubovik BV · 1995
Researchers studied the effect of weak radiofrequency radiation on DNA secondary structure stability in vitro. Exposure at 3 or 4 Hz and 0.6 mW/cm2 peak power significantly increased accumulated DNA damage, while other pulse rates or power levels eliminated the effect. DNA was incubated with glycine and formaldehyde, and damage was assessed via thermal denaturation dynamics.
Li C et al. · 1995
The study aimed to investigate biochemical indexes in white rabbit blood affected by acute high-intensity microwave. The researchers stated these changes can be used as indexes for evaluating acute high-intensity microwave exposure effects.
Grigor'ev IuG et al. · 1995
Researchers studied motor activity in rabbits under daily thirty-minute irradiation at 1.5 GHz for one month. From the 14th day, reliable disadaptation changes described as anxiety and alarm reactions were found. The researchers noted the importance of prolonged irradiation.
Grigor'ev IuG, Luk'ianova SN, Makarov VP, Rynskov VV · 1995
Researchers exposed thirty rabbits to thirty-minute microwave irradiation at 1.5 GHz with a pulse intensity of 0.3 mW/cm2 and tested several pulsed modes. A reliable effect was detected only in the hippocampus, shown as an amplification of theta-range activity within normal functioning. The total bioelectrical activity of the cortex, caudate nucleus, hypothalamus, amygdala, and septum was not reliably changed.
Geletyuk VI, Kazachenko VN, Chemeris NK, Fesenko EE · 1995
Researchers used the patch voltage-clamp method to investigate effects of millimetre microwaves at 42.25 GHz on single calcium-activated potassium channels in cultured kidney cells (Vero). Exposure to the field at non-thermal power of about 100 microW/cm2 for 20-30 min greatly modified both the Hill coefficient and an apparent affinity of the channels for Ca2+. The data suggest that the field alters both cooperativity and binding characteristics of channel activation by internal Ca2+, with effects depending on initial sensitivity of the channels to Ca2+ and the Ca2+ concentration applied.
Cao G, Liu LM, Cleary SF · 1995
Researchers exposed synchronized Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells to 27 MHz continuous-wave radio-frequency radiation for 2 hours at specific absorption rates of 5 or 25 W kg−1 under isothermal conditions, meaning no heating occurred. The exposure produced time- and dose-rate-dependent cell cycle alterations, with maximum responses occurring 3 days after exposure at a SAR of 25 W kg−1. Cells in G0/G1- or S-phase showed more pronounced alterations, while G2/M-phase cells showed minimal effects at either SAR.
Anderson V, Joyner KH · 1995
Researchers measured electric fields induced within a phantom head from exposure to three different advanced mobile phone system (AMPS) hand-held telephones using an implantable E-field probe. The phones were positioned alongside the phantom head as in typical use and were configured to transmit at maximum power (600 mW nominal). The SARs induced in the eye ranged from 0.007 to 0.21 W/kg, and maximum levels in the brain ranged from 0.12 to 0.83 W/kg, all below recommended safety limits.
Roy S et al. · 1995
Researchers investigated whether a low-frequency, low-intensity magnetic field could affect the oxidative burst triggered by PMA in rat peritoneal neutrophils. In the presence of the magnetic field, a 12.4% increase in the fluorescence signal was observed in PMA-stimulated neutrophils (n = 5, P < 0.02, 18 pairs of measurements). The researchers described this as what they believed to be the first experimental observation of a magnetic field influencing free radical species generated during signal transduction in living cells.
Lai H, Singh NP · 1995
Researchers measured DNA single-strand breaks in brain cells of rats acutely exposed to low-intensity 2450 MHz microwaves, using an alkaline microgel electrophoresis method. After 2 hours of exposure to pulsed microwaves, no significant effect was observed immediately after exposure, but a dose rate-dependent increase in DNA single-strand breaks was found in brain cells at 4 hours postexposure. In rats exposed for 2 hours to continuous-wave 2450 MHz microwaves at 1.2 W/kg SAR, increases in brain cell DNA single-strand breaks were observed both immediately and at 4 hours postexposure.
Unknown authors · 1994
Unknown authors · 1994
Researchers conducted an open-field provocation in front of an ordinary TV set with two patients who regarded themselves as suffering from skin problems due to work at video display terminals. Before the provocation, skin biopsies from the anterior neck showed a high-to-very high number of somatostatin-immunoreactive dendritic cells and histamine-positive mast cells. At the end of the provocation, the number of mast cells was unchanged, but the somatostatin-positive cells had seemingly disappeared. The researchers noted that the high number of mast cells may explain the clinical symptoms of itch, pain, edema and erythema.
Unknown authors · 1994
Researchers measured magnetic fields and depression symptoms in 152 women living near or one block from transmission lines. Average magnetic field was 4.86 mG at adjacent homes and 0.68 mG at homes one block away.
Unknown authors · 1994
Researchers analyzed data from the Vietnam Experience Study to assess the association between electric and magnetic field exposure and depression. They classified employed participants as electrical workers (N = 183) and nonelectrical workers (N = 3,861) and compared their scores on the Diagnostic Interview Survey and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Electrical workers in the aggregate showed little evidence of increased risk, with the possible exception of an increase in elevated MMPI depression scores among short-term workers. Data on electricians yielded indications of increased risk for several markers of depression.
Unknown authors · 1994
Two pulse waveforms were tested, with rise and fall times of 85 microseconds (PMF-A) or 2.1 microseconds (PMF-B). After exposure, the eggs incubated for nine more days without fields, then embryos were examined blind. Both exposed groups had more developmental anomalies than controls, but only the PMF-B group showed a statistically significant increase (P=0.007) and a high rate of early embryonic death, while the PMF-A group's increase was not significant (P=0.173).
Unknown authors · 1994
Researchers exposed E. coli to weak, pulsed magnetic fields at 1.5 mT peak for 60 minutes. Quantitative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed numerous proteins both increased and decreased by a factor of two or more. Increases in the alpha subunit of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase and NusA were confirmed by Western blot analysis.
Unknown authors · 1994
Researchers exposed SV40-transformed human fibroblasts to a 60 Hz continuous-wave sinusoidal electromagnetic field. Exposure resulted in increased levels of virally derived mRNA and protein of large T-antigen. The findings provide evidence that foreign DNA integrated into cells can be affected by EM fields under conditions known to cause increased transcripts from endogenous cellular genes.
Unknown authors · 1994
Researchers conducted a case-control study of adults who lived between 1960 and 1985 on properties in Sweden within 300 meters of 220 or 400 kilovolt power lines. The study identified 325 leukemia cases and 223 central nervous system tumor cases, with two matched controls per case. Exposure was assessed by spot measurements and by calculations of the magnetic fields generated by the power lines. For calculated magnetic field levels of 0.2 microT or more, the relative risk was 1.7 for acute myeloid leukemia and 1.7 for chronic myeloid leukemia; using cumulative exposure for 15 years the relative risks were 2.3 and 2.1 for the highest exposure category.
