Esmekaya MA, Ozer C, Seyhan N · 2011
Researchers exposed male Wistar albino rats to 900 MHz pulse-modulated RF radiation at a SAR of 1.20 W/kg for 20 minutes per day over three weeks to investigate oxidative damage in multiple tissues. MDA and NOx levels were significantly increased in liver, lung, testis, and heart tissues of the exposed group compared to sham and control groups, while GSH levels were significantly lower in exposed rat tissues. No significant difference was observed between the sham and control groups.
Volkow ND et al. · 2011
Researchers used positron emission tomography to measure brain glucose metabolism in 47 healthy participants, once with the right cell phone activated for 50 minutes and once with both cell phones deactivated. Whole-brain metabolism did not differ between the on and off conditions, but metabolism in the region closest to the antenna was significantly higher in the on condition than the off condition. The researchers noted that this finding is of unknown clinical significance.
Sirav B, Seyhan N · 2011
Researchers exposed male and female Wistar albino rats to 0.9 and 1.8 GHz continuous-wave radiofrequency radiation for 20 minutes to investigate effects on blood-brain barrier permeability. A significant increase in albumin was found in the brains of the RF-exposed male rats when compared to sham-exposed male brains. In female rats, no albumin extravasation was found in the brain after RFR exposure. The researchers noted that these results suggest that exposure at levels below the international limits can affect vascular permeability in the brain of male rats.
Masuda H et al. · 2011
The study aimed to detect reproducible responses to local radiofrequency exposure in the parietal cortex of anesthetized rats and to determine their dependence on exposure intensity. The target cortex tissue was locally exposed to 2-GHz RF using a figure-eight loop antenna at averaged specific absorption rates of 10.5, 40.3, 130, and 263 W/kg. All measured parameters except calf hypodermis temperature increased significantly in exposed animals compared with sham-exposed ones during 18-min exposures. The local cerebral blood flow elevation seemed to be driven by the rise in target temperature, but not by rectal temperature, in the early part of RF exposure or at low-intensity RF exposure.
Lowden A et al. · 2011
Researchers investigated the effects of a double-blind radiofrequency exposure on sleepiness and EEG measures during sleep. Forty-eight subjects with a mean age of 28 years underwent three hours of controlled exposure prior to sleep, followed by a full-night polysomnographic recording in a sleep laboratory. Following exposure, slow-wave sleep decreased by 9.5 minutes and the latency to Stage 3 sleep was prolonged by 4.8 minutes compared to sham. No differences were found between subjects who had previously reported mobile phone-related symptoms and those who had not.
Trosić I et al. · 2011
Researchers exposed male Wistar rats to 915 MHz radiofrequency radiation with GSM modulation at a whole-body average SAR of 0.6 W/kg for one hour per day, seven days per week over two weeks. A comet assay was used to assess DNA damage, measuring tail length and tail intensity. Tail length notably differed in liver and kidney homogenates of exposed animals compared to sham controls, and the tail was slightly elongated in irradiated animals' brain cells. The results suggest that repeated 915 MHz irradiation could be a cause of DNA breaks in renal and liver cells, but did not affect the cell genome at a higher extent compared to basal damage.
Haggerty K. 2010 · 2010
Unknown authors · 2010
The review examined data on alleged RFR-induced genetic effects from in vitro and in vivo investigations as well as from human cytogenetic biomonitoring surveys. The authors also considered combined exposures of RFR with chemical or physical agents. No entirely consistent picture emerged from the reviewed studies. Many positive studies may be due to thermal exposures, though a few suggest biological effects at low exposure levels. Overall, the evidence for low-level genotoxic effects is very weak.
Unknown authors · 2010
Researchers exposed 60 sensitive and 60 non-sensitive users to three 50-minute conditions: a signal with a 16 Hz component, a continuous wave signal at 385.25 MHz, and a sham condition, in a randomised double-blind design. Exposure to the continuous wave signal increased headache in all participants, fatigue in non-sensitive participants, and difficulty concentrating in sensitive participants, while reducing itching in sensitive participants. These effects were not seen with the 16 Hz pulsing signal except for concentration difficulties.
Unknown authors · 2010
A case-control study in southwestern France from May 1999 to April 2001 included 221 adults with central nervous system tumors and 442 matched controls. Occupational ELF and radiofrequency exposure was assessed by expert judgment using job calendars, and residential exposure by distance to power lines via a geographic information system. Occupational ELF exposure showed a significant increase in meningioma risk (OR=3.02, 95% CI 1.10-8.25), while living within 100 m of power lines gave a non-significant increase (OR=2.99, 95% CI 0.86-10.40).
Unknown authors · 2010
Previous epidemiological studies of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields relied on crude exposure proxies like job titles and equipment use. The Royal Norwegian Navy measured RF fields from antennas and radars at crew locations on fast patrol boats. The boats are small, placing crew close to RF-emitting equipment. Researchers described the measured exposure and proposed calculation methods using linear and spatial averages, percentage of ICNIRP, and squared deviation of ICNIRP.
Unknown authors · 2010
Researchers extended a Wi-Fi power model to account for devices that do not always have packets to transmit. They validated the model using testbed measurements and found relative errors of less than 5-10%. The greatest power emission occurred when the network was saturated with traffic, enabling a simple technique to estimate power output from traffic levels.
Unknown authors · 2010
Researchers exposed male mice to radiofrequency radiations from GSM base stations at a workplace complex and residential quarters. Exposed mice showed 39.78% and 46.03% sperm head abnormalities compared to 2.13% in controls. The increase was statistically significant and dose dependent, with major abnormalities including knobbed hook, pin-head, and banana-shaped sperm heads.
Unknown authors · 2010
The review states that everyone is exposed to electromagnetic fields from electricity, communication frequencies, and wireless devices. Strong evidence has linked leukemia to residential or occupational exposure to extremely low frequency EMFs for many years. Current ELF standards are not sufficiently stringent to protect against increased cancer risk. Radiofrequency standards are set to avoid tissue heating despite evidence of adverse biological effects at lower intensities. Recent studies show elevations in brain cancer and acoustic neuroma on the side of the head where cell phones were used.
Unknown authors · 2010
The review describes the blood-brain barrier as endothelial cells with tight junctions, pericytes, and extracellular matrix that maintains a stable environment for synaptic transmission. Exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields that raise brain temperature by more than 1°C can reversibly increase barrier permeability for macromolecules. The balance of experimental evidence does not support an effect of non-thermal radiofrequency fields at microwave and mobile phone frequencies on barrier permeability. Evidence for effects from magnetic resonance imaging fields is conflicting and limited by confounders and simultaneous exposure to different field types. Research on low-frequency fields and human studies is sparse or virtually absent, preventing conclusions.
Unknown authors · 2010
Unknown authors · 2010
Power-frequency EMFs have been present since the late 19th century with considerable knowledge accumulated, and the mainstream scientific view is that any risk is unlikely to be of major public-health significance. The principal governance issue for power frequencies is responding to weak uncertain evidence causing public concern, while for radio frequencies it is responding to large potential consequences and public concern with limited evidence. Risk management for power frequencies has evolved with many successful features, and its lessons can benefit radio-frequency EMF governance and other emerging technologies.
Unknown authors · 2010
Researchers exposed MCF7 cells to single 837 MHz or combined 837 and 1950 MHz RF radiation at 4 W/kg for 1 hour. They assessed DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle distribution, and levels of cell cycle regulatory proteins including p53, p21, cyclins, and cyclin-dependent kinases. Neither single nor combined RF radiation exposure altered DNA synthesis, cell cycle distribution, or regulatory protein levels, unlike ionizing radiation which caused changes.
Sekijima M et al. · 2010
The study examined cell proliferation and gene expression in three human cell lines after exposure to 2.1425 GHz continuous wave and W-CDMA modulated radiofrequency fields. Cells were exposed at specific absorption rates of 80, 250, or 800 mW/kg for up to 96 hours. No significant differences in cell growth or viability were found between exposed groups and sham controls, and less than 1% of genes showed altered expression.
Röösli M, Frei P, Mohler E, Hug K · 2010
The systematic review included 5 randomized human laboratory trials and 12 epidemiological studies. Most of the papers examined self-reported non-specific symptoms of ill-health. Most randomized trials did not detect an association between MPBS radiation and acute symptom development, and sporadic associations lacked a consistent pattern. The authors concluded that evidence for no acute effect up to 10 volts per metre is strong, but data are insufficient for long-term low-level exposure.
Lee HJ et al. · 2010
Male rats were exposed to 848.5 MHz RF for 12 weeks. The exposure schedule consisted of two 45-min RF exposure periods separated by a 15-min interval. The whole-body average SAR was 2.0 W/kg. Researchers measured sperm counts, malondialdehyde concentrations, spermatogenesis stage frequency, germ cell counts, apoptotic cells, and performed immunoblotting for p53, bcl-2, caspase 3, p21, and PARP. The study concluded that subchronic exposure did not have observable adverse effects on rat spermatogenesis.
Kowalczuk C et al. · 2010
Researchers used a doubly resonant cavity to test whether biological samples generate a second harmonic when exposed to continuous wave RF fields at 883 MHz. They tested over 500 samples including human and mouse cell suspensions, adherent cell lines, and mouse tissue slices, both viable and non-viable. Input powers were 0.1 or 1 mW, and the system could detect second harmonic signals above a noise floor of -169 dBm. No consistent second harmonic was detected, so the results do not support the hypothesis that living cells can demodulate RF energy.
Kim KB et al. · 2010
Researchers exposed MCF7 human breast cancer cells to 849 MHz RF radiation for one hour per day over three consecutive days at SARs of 2 or 10 W/kg. Protein expression profiles were analyzed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and showed no significant or reproducible changes after exposure. Follow-up analysis of three non-reproducible protein spots using mass spectrometry, RT-PCR, and Western blot confirmed no alterations in mRNA or protein levels.
Gurbuz N, Sirav B, Yuvaci HU, Turhan N, Coskun ZK, Seyhan N. · 2010
Researchers exposed female Wistar rats to 1800 MHz GSM-modulated RFR for 20 minutes per day, 5 days a week, for one month. They measured micronucleus frequency in exfoliated bladder cells to assess genotoxic damage. No significant difference in micronucleus frequency was found between exposed and control groups (p>0.05). The authors concluded that 1800 MHz RFR did not produce any genotoxic effect under these exposure conditions.
Bourthoumieu S et al. · 2010
Researchers exposed human amniotic cells to GSM-900 MHz radiofrequency radiation at an average SAR of 0.25 W/kg for 24 hours. Genotoxic effects were assessed immediately and 24 hours after exposure using R-banded karyotyping of 100 metaphase cells per assay across four samples. No direct cytogenetic effects were observed at either time point.
