EMF Research Studies

RF Susceptibility of Microelectronic Components

A. R. Hart, D. W. McQuitty, N. K. Wagner

Some Mathematical Considerations

J. Z. Hearon

Immune System

THE EFFECTS OF 9-GHZ PULSED MICROWAVES ON CIRCULATING ANTIBODY TITERS OF MICE

Unknown authors

Researchers immunized female CD-1 mice against Streptococcus pneumoniae type III and exposed them to 9-GHz pulsed microwaves at 10 mW/cm² for two hours daily over five days. The mean antibody titer in irradiated mice was significantly higher than in sham-irradiated mice (means 24 versus 7.88, p=0.0025). When challenged with virulent bacteria, mortality was similar between the two groups (47.2% versus 50%).

The Effect of 2450 mc Radiation on the Development of the Chick Embryo

Claire Van Ummersen

Cardiovascular

Cardiac and Neural Effects of Radar Wavelengths

Allan H. Frey

SEARCH STRATEGY

Unknown authors

EFFECTS OF HYPERTHERMIA AND MICROWAVE INDUCED HYPERTHERMIC SHOCK ON HPC CELLS

Unknown authors

Researchers compared slow waterbath heating at 0.22°C per second with rapid microwave heating at 9.2°C per second before 15-minute hyperthermic exposures of human prostate cancer cells in vitro. The effect of the heating rate was small across the exposure range of 43.5 to 47.5°C. Microwave-induced hyperthermic shock followed by immediate waterbath cooling had no effect on cell survival below 43°C. Above 43°C, the percentage of cell survival decreased with increasing exposure temperature according to the linear relationship S = -11.6Tp + 593 with a correlation coefficient of 0.95. Effects were assayed by cellular attachment and colony formation and shown by SEM photography.

A TEMPERATURE MONITOR FOR MICROWAVE BIOEFFECTS RESEARCH AND ELECTROTHERMIA THERAPY

Unknown authors

COMPARISON OF EXPOSURE STANDARDS

Unknown authors

MOTOR COORDINATION OR BALANCE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RATS EXPOSED OR SHAM EXPOSED TO 60 HZ ELECTRICAL FIELDS

Unknown authors

Cancer & Tumors

A SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING LOCALIZED HYPERTHERMIA IN BRAIN TUMORS THROUGH MAGNETIC INDUCTION HEATING OF FERROMAGNETIC IMPLANTS

Unknown authors

The researchers are developing a magnetic induction system to produce localized hyperthermia in intracranial tumors. Differential heating is achieved using small ferromagnetic seeds that can be stereotactically embedded in residual tumor during craniotomy. In phantom tests, Trial 16 showed a temperature differential greater than 4°C out to 1 cm from the implant site with no significant direct heating of the phantom by the RF field. Heating patterns in single seed phantoms matched the theoretically expected inverse radial distance dependence.

EFFECT OF CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO AN ELECTRIC FIELD ON SUBSEQUENT DISCRIMINATION OF ELECTRIC FIELDS

Unknown authors

Researchers exposed male Sprague Dawley rats to a 100 kV/m 60-Hz electric field for 30 days at 22 hours per day or gave them sham exposure. After exposure, rats were tested in a shuttlebox with one end shielded and the other exposed at field strengths of 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100 kV/m. Pre-exposed rats spent significantly more time in the exposed region at 25 kV/m than sham pre-exposed controls. Within the pre-exposed group, exposed side residence was higher across field strengths, while sham pre-exposed rats spent more time on the shielded side.

EVALUATION OF 915-MHZ AND 2450-MHZ DIRECT CONTACT DIATHERMY APPLICATORS

Unknown authors

The study evaluated three 915-MHz circularly polarized applicators. Heating patterns were measured in a bi-layered planar tissue model and compared with a 915-MHz linearly polarized applicator and a 2450-MHz circularly polarized applicator. The 915-MHz applicators achieved penetration depths of 2.8 to 3.1 cm in muscle versus 2.0 cm for the 2450-MHz applicator. Fat-to-muscle SAR ratios were 0.42 to 0.48 for 915-MHz applicators and about 1.0 for the 2450-MHz applicator.

Whole Body / GeneralNo Effects Found

DIFFERENTIAL CONSEQUENCES OF BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM EXPOSURE TO PULSED- AND CONTINUOUS-WAVE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS

Unknown authors

Researchers exposed BALB/c female mice aged 10 to 14 weeks to pulsed- and continuous-wave electromagnetic fields at 432 MHz and 2450 MHz. Three modulations were used at each frequency: continuous wave, pulsed wave with a 120 microsecond pulse width at 400 Hz, and pulsed wave with a 12 microsecond pulse width at 4000 Hz. Power densities were 0.8 mW/cm² at 432 MHz and 2.14 mW/cm² at 2450 MHz. Two exposure schedules each provided 60 total hours: 2 hours daily for 30 consecutive days or 12 hours daily for 5 consecutive days. The study found no detectable bioeffects on granulopoietic stem cells under any exposure condition.

THERMAL AND ENDOCRINOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF MICROWAVE EXPOSURES ON RHESUS MONKEYS

Unknown authors

Researchers studied body temperature and hormone levels in chair-restrained adult male rhesus monkeys before, during, and after an 8-hour exposure to 1.29 GHz pulsed microwave radiation at 28 and 38 mW/cm². Rectal temperature increased by 0.6°C at 28 mW/cm² and 1.5°C at 38 mW/cm² compared to sham exposures, returning to baseline within 1-2 hours after exposure ended. No changes in circulating growth hormone, cortisol, or thyroxine levels were observed at any time during or after exposure despite the temperature rises.

Cellular Effects

EFFECTS OF 60 HZ ELECTRIC FIELDS ON RODENT ADRENAL TISSUE: IN VITRO AND IN VIVO

Scott N. Ackerman et al.

The in vitro response of adrenal cortical tissue to 60 Hz high intensity electric field exposure was studied. Adrenal glands were removed from male Sprague-Dawley rats and placed in physiological solution. Adrenal cortical tissue was sliced and placed in a superfusion system where corticosterone output was continuously monitored. An electric field exposure system was placed around the tissue at an initial strength of 45 kV/m and regularly incremented. The corticosterone output response to ACTH stimulation was compared between field-on and field-off conditions.

DOSIMETRIC USE OF SCHOTTKY DIODES

Unknown authors

Researchers examined the basic characteristics of microwave diodes including physical mechanisms and equivalent microwave circuits for dosimetric probe applications. Analytic expressions were developed that reveal linear, square-law, and other operating regions of the diodes. The effects of load resistance, bias current, and temperature on diode performance were explored. The analysis was applied to evaluate an E-field probe model designed for dosimetric use, comparing measurements with theory. Practical limitations on such probes were discussed and means of selecting diode parameters for maximum probe performance were presented.

Cardiovascular

CHANGES IN THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAMS OF RATS AND DOGS EXPOSED TO DC MAGNETIC FIELDS

Unknown authors

CHANGES IN TEMPORAL ASPECTS OF BEHAVIOR BY LOW LEVELS OF PULSED MICROWAVES

Unknown authors

MODULATION OF PENTOBARBITAL EFFECTS ON TIMING BEHAVIOR IN RATS BY LOW-LEVEL MICROWAVES

Unknown authors

Rats were trained to press a lever on a schedule that rewarded responses spaced 18 to 24 seconds apart. Concurrent 30-minute exposures to 1 mW/cm² or 5 mW/cm² pulsed microwave radiation shifted the maximally effective pentobarbital dose range to 5 to 10 mg/kg. The response mode shifted from 14 to 22 seconds to 10 to 18 seconds, a 25 percent change.

Reproductive HealthNo Effects Found

STUDIES CONCERNING THE EFFECTS OF NON-THERMAL PROTRACTED PRENATAL 2450 MHz MICROWAVE IRRADIATION ON PRENATAL AND POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE RAT

Unknown authors

Twenty-four Wistar rats were exposed 8 hours daily throughout pregnancy to 2450 MHz microwave radiation at 20 mW/cm². The exposure was non-thermal because rectal temperatures did not rise above control levels. Half of the rats were evaluated for teratologic effects on day 22 of gestation, and the other half raised offspring for postnatal behavioral and physiological testing. No significant alterations in prenatal or postnatal growth and development were observed.

CardiovascularNo Effects Found

THE EFFECT ON THE HEART RATE OF EMBRYONIC QUAIL OF 2450 MHz ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

Unknown authors

Researchers exposed Japanese quail embryos aged 8 to 13 days to 2450 MHz continuous-wave and pulsed electromagnetic waves at specific absorption rates from 0.3 to 30 mW/g. Heart rate was found to depend strongly on temperature, with a linear relationship between 36°C and 39°C. No effect of electromagnetic exposure on heart rate was observed beyond the changes caused by temperature.