Anghileri LJ, Mayayo E, Domingo JL. · 2009
The study found a synergism between aluminum and radiofrequency that increased early mortality in lymphoma-bearing mice. This synergism was stronger with aluminum lactate than with aluminum citrate due to higher ionization at physiological pH. The dissociation of aluminum complexes appears to induce a remarkable acceleration of mortality and lymphoid-related hypertrophy of the spleen and liver at an early age. Calcium chloride overload had no effect when cellular calcium homeostasis was functional. The researchers measured organ hypertrophy using the organ-to-body-weight ratio and histopathological examination.
Mailankot M et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed male albino Wistar rats to RF-EMR from an active GSM mobile phone for one hour daily over 28 days. Exposed rats had significantly reduced sperm motility but no change in total sperm count. RF-EMR exposure also increased lipid peroxidation and decreased glutathione levels in the testis and epididymis. Facial temperature did not change significantly during exposure.
Agarwal A et al. · 2009
After liquefaction, neat semen samples were divided into two aliquots, with one exposed to cellular phone radiation in talk mode for 1 hour and the other serving as an unexposed control under identical conditions. Exposed samples showed a significant decrease in sperm motility and viability, an increase in ROS level, and a decrease in ROS-TAC score. Levels of total antioxidant capacity and DNA damage showed no significant differences between exposed and unexposed samples.
Zareen N, Khan MY, Ali Minhas L · 2009
Embryos exposed for 10 post-incubation days showed decreased retinal growth and mild epithelial pigmentation. Extending exposure to 15 post-incubation days reversed growth retardation to enhancement and shifted pigmentation from mild to intense. The authors concluded that mobile phone EMF causes derangement of chicken embryo retinal differentiation. Retinal thickness and epithelial pigmentation grades were statistically compared between control and experimental groups.
Vácha M, Puzová T, Kvícalová M · 2009
Researchers tested how weak radio frequency magnetic fields affect the American cockroach's ability to sense the geomagnetic field. A 1.2 MHz field disrupted this sense at intensities between 12 nT and 18 nT, while a 2.4 MHz field required between 18 nT and 44 nT. A 7 MHz field had no effect even at the highest tested intensity of 44 nT. The disruptive effect was strongest at the Larmor frequency of 1.2 MHz. The researchers measured the rise in locomotor activity induced by periodic changes in the geomagnetic North position by 60 degrees.
Zhijian C et al. · 2009
Researchers used the in vitro comet assay to determine whether 1.8-GHz radiofrequency radiation can influence DNA repair in human leukocytes exposed to X-rays. Leukocytes from four young healthy donors were intermittently exposed to RFR at a SAR of 2 W/kg for 24 hours with fields on for 5 minutes and off for 10 minutes, then irradiated with X-rays at doses of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 Gy. DNA damage was measured at 0, 15, 45, 90, 150 and 240 minutes after X-rays using percent tail DNA, and repair speed was assessed via DNA repair percentage. The results showed individual differences in DNA repair speeds among the four donors. Intermittent RFR exposure did not directly induce DNA damage or show synergistic effects with X-rays.
Viel JF et al. · 2009
Researchers enrolled 200 randomly selected people who were supplied with personal exposure meters for 24 h measurements and kept a time-location-activity diary. They calculated the proportion of measurements above 0.05 V/m and the maximum electric field strength for each radiofrequency. Most measurements were below the detection limit, with FM having 12.3% above threshold, and maximum field strength never exceeded 1.5 V/m. GSM and DCS exposure peaked at 280 m and 1000 m from antennas, FM showed a downward trend within 10 km, while UMTS and TV signals did not vary with distance.
Viel JF, Cardis E, Moissonnier M, de Seze R, Hours M. · 2009
Tkalec M et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed Allium cepa seeds for two hours to 400 and 900MHz fields at strengths of 10, 23, 41 and 120Vm(-1), and also tested a four-hour exposure and modulation at 23Vm(-1). Germination rate and root length did not change significantly under any exposure condition. At 900MHz, higher field strengths (41 and 120Vm(-1)) and modulated fields significantly increased the mitotic index, while all 900MHz exposures increased the percentage of mitotic abnormalities. At 400MHz, the mitotic index increased only after modulated exposure, and higher numbers of mitotic abnormalities were found after modulated exposure and after higher field strengths (41 and 120Vm(-1)). The chromosomal aberrations were mainly lagging chromosomes, vagrants, disturbed anaphases and chromosome stickiness.
Sannino A et al. · 2009
Lymphocytes were collected at 72 hours to measure micronuclei frequency in cytokinesis-blocked binucleated cells. Four donors exhibited a significant reduction in micronuclei after RF pre-exposure, indicating an adaptive response. One donor showed no significant difference in micronuclei between pre-exposed and unexposed cells, indicating a non-responder. The data indicated heterogeneity in the induction of an adaptive response between individuals exposed to RF radiation.
Frei P et al. · 2009
Researchers measured RF-EMF exposure of 166 volunteers from Basel, Switzerland, using personal exposure meters carried for one week. Mean weekly exposure across all RF-EMF sources was 0.13 mW/m2, ranging across individuals from 0.014 to 0.881 mW/m2. Exposure varied considerably between persons and locations but was fairly consistent within persons.
Brescia F et al. · 2009
Researchers measured reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human lymphoblastoid cells exposed to a 1950 MHz UMTS signal at Specific Absorption Rates of 0.5 and 2.0 W/kg. Exposures ranged from short durations of 5 to 60 minutes up to 24 hours, and the study also tested RF radiation given before or at the same time as ferrous ions. RF exposure did not increase ROS formation or affect cell viability, and combining RF with ferrous ions did not produce more ROS than ferrous ions alone.
Aweda MA et al. · 2009
Researchers measured radiofrequency radiation output power densities from commonly used GSM handsets and wireless phones across Lagos State, Nigeria. Over 1100 handsets of different makes and models as well as wireless phones were sampled across all local government areas of the state. GSM handset power density values ranged from a minimum of 1.294 Wm-2 with Siemens model R228 to a maximum of 16.813 Wm-2 with Samsung model C140. The study concluded that the population in Lagos State may be at risk due to significant radiofrequency radiation exposures from GSM use.
Augner C, Florian M, Pauser G, Oberfeld G, Hacker GW. · 2009
Researchers examined the effects of short-term GSM base station radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure on psychological symptoms including good mood, alertness, and calmness, as measured by a standardized well-being questionnaire. Fifty-seven participants were randomly assigned to one of three different exposure scenarios, each involving five 50-min exposure sessions. Participants in the high and medium exposure scenarios were significantly calmer than those in the low-exposure scenario (P = 0.042), though no significant differences were found for good mood or alertness. The researchers concluded that short-term exposure to GSM base station signals may have an impact on well-being by reducing psychological arousal.
Amoako JK, Fletcher JJ, Darko EO. · 2009
Researchers surveyed radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation at public access points near cellular phone base stations operated by the Ghana Telecommunications Company. Measurements were made using a hand-held spectrum analyser to determine electric field levels within the 900 and 1800 MHz frequency bands. Power densities at public access points ranged from 0.01 to 10 microW m(-2) at 900 MHz, and from 0.01 to 100 microW m(-2) at 1800 MHz. The results were within international guidance levels but were 20 times higher than results generally obtained for such a practice elsewhere.
Wiholm C et al. · 2009
Researchers studied the effects of a 2 1/2 h RF exposure at 884 MHz on spatial memory and learning using a double-blind repeated measures design. The exposure was designed to mimic that experienced during a real-life mobile phone conversation, with an average peak spatial specific absorption rate of 1.4 W/kg. Results showed a significant RF exposure by group effect on distance traveled during the trials, with the symptomatic group improving their performance during RF exposure while there was no such effect in the non-symptomatic group.
Sirav B, Seyhan N · 2009
Researchers investigated the effects of 900 and 1,800 MHz continuous-wave radio frequency radiation on blood-brain barrier permeability in rats. Twenty minutes of exposure at both frequencies increased blood-brain barrier permeability in male rats, while female rats showed no change. The researchers noted that the scientific evidence on radio frequency radiation safety or harm remains inconclusive.
Del Vecchio G et al. · 2009
Luukkonen J et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to 872 MHz radiofrequency radiation at 5 W/kg for 1 hour, combined with menadione, a chemical that induces intracellular ROS production and DNA damage. Continuous-wave RF radiation increased DNA breakage compared to cells exposed only to menadione, and ROS levels were higher at 30 and 60 minutes after exposure ended. No effects of the GSM signal were seen on either ROS production or DNA damage.
Del Vecchio G et al. · 2009
Researchers studied the effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure on neuronal maturation using two in vitro models: murine SN56 cholinergic cells and rat primary cortical neurons. Cells were exposed at 1 W/kg at 900 MHz GSM modulated, and neurite emission, outgrowth, and branching were examined at multiple time points. RF-EMF exposure reduced the number of neurites in both cell systems, and this reduction correlated with increased expression of beta-thymosin mRNA.
De Iuliis GN, Newey RJ, King BV, Aitken RJ. · 2009
Researchers exposed purified human spermatozoa in vitro to radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation tuned to 1.8 GHz across a range of specific absorption rates from 0.4 W/kg to 27.5 W/kg. As the SAR increased, sperm motility and vitality were significantly reduced, while mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation and DNA fragmentation were significantly elevated (P<0.001). The researchers also observed highly significant relationships between SAR, the oxidative DNA damage biomarker 8-OH-dG, and DNA fragmentation after exposure.
Vijayalaxmi , Prihoda TJ · 2008
Unknown authors · 2008
The review examines physical principles for assessing radiofrequency interactions with biological systems at exposures up to endogenous electric field levels. It finds possible demodulation at membrane barriers for frequencies up to 10 MHz but not at higher frequencies. Molecular vibrational modes are too overdamped by water for excitation below the far infrared. Two mechanisms may plausibly affect biology: radical-pair reaction shifts below approximately 150 MHz and dielectric and resistive heating at all frequencies.
Unknown authors · 2008
Extremely low-frequency magnetic fields have been classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans based on epidemiological studies showing an association with childhood leukaemia at long-term average exposures above 0.3/0.4 microT. No mechanism to explain this finding has been established and experimental studies have not supported a causal link. Chance or bias cannot be ruled out as an explanation, and if the association were causal it would account for only a small fraction of cases. Recent large-scale systematic studies in Korea and Germany found no association between radiofrequency fields from broadcast towers and childhood leukaemia risk.
Unknown authors · 2008
Researchers conducted a case-control study in West Germany examining childhood leukemia and radiofrequency electromagnetic fields from TV and radio broadcast transmitters. Individual exposure to RF-EMFs one year before diagnosis was estimated with a field strength prediction program. Comparing high and low exposure quantiles, the odds ratio for all leukemia types was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.67, 1.11). No increased risks were found for amplitude-modulated or frequency-modulated transmitters separately, or for children living within 2 km of a transmitter.
