Herbert Pollack, Janet Healer · 1967
This 1967 review examined foreign and domestic research on biological effects of electromagnetic radiation to establish safety criteria. Researchers focused particularly on high-frequency radiation (3-30 MHz) and frequencies below 300 MHz, evaluating existing literature for hazards to human personnel. The study represents early scientific efforts to understand EMF health risks during the Cold War era.
H. P. Schwan, A. Anne, L. Sher · 1966
This 1966 U.S. Navy technical report examined how microwave energy heats living tissues, using skin simulants to measure temperature rise and energy absorption patterns. The research provided foundational data on how biological tissues respond to microwave radiation exposure. This early military study helped establish the thermal effects that became the basis for modern EMF safety standards.
S. F. Cleary, B. S. Pasternack · 1966
This 1966 study by Cleary examined eye lens changes in workers exposed to microwave radiation. The research found evidence of lenticular (lens) alterations in people working with high-powered radar and microwave equipment. This was among the first studies to document potential eye damage from occupational microwave exposure.
Gopal P. Kamat, David E. Janes · 1966
This 1966 technical report examined how radio-frequency energy affects biological macromolecules, including important enzymes like amylase and choline esterase, as well as gamma globulin proteins. The research investigated whether RF energy could alter the structure or function of these essential biological molecules in laboratory conditions. This early work helped establish the scientific foundation for understanding how electromagnetic fields interact with living systems at the molecular level.
Susan Korbel · 1966
This 1966 technical report examined how ultra high frequency radio waves affected rat behavior, representing early research into microwave radiation's biological effects. The study investigated behavioral changes in laboratory rats exposed to UHF radiation. This research contributed to the foundational understanding of how radio frequency energy might influence living organisms beyond just heating effects.
Luke S. Gournay · 1966
This 1966 study examined how high-intensity laser light creates acoustic stress waves in liquids through rapid heating. Researchers measured the pressure transients generated when Q-switched ruby lasers heat liquids, finding their thermodynamic model accurately predicted the stress patterns across different liquid properties and electromagnetic intensities.
Samuel R. Splitter, M.D. · 1966
In 1966, Dr. Samuel Splitter reported using radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields as a treatment for subacute sinusitis, claiming exceptional therapeutic results. This early medical application of RF energy predated modern concerns about EMF health effects by decades. The study represents one of the earliest documented uses of electromagnetic fields in clinical medicine.
Bryan, Robert N. · 1966
Researchers in 1966 exposed rats to microwave radiation immediately after training them in a shock-avoidance task. Rats that received microwave exposure retained their learned response 24 hours later, but rats that were handled before the experiment lost this memory despite being capable of learning. This suggests microwave radiation may interfere with normal memory consolidation processes.
A. S. PETROV · 1966
This 1966 Soviet review examined how superhigh frequency (SHF) electromagnetic radiation affects the human body. The research found that microwave frequencies above 3000 MHz penetrate only about 1 cm into skin, while lower frequencies (1000-3000 MHz) can reach several centimeters deep, potentially affecting vital organs like the heart and brain.
Cleary SF, Pasternack BS · 1966
This 1966 study by Dr. S.F. Cleary examined biological effects of microwave radiation on humans, marking an early recognition that non-ionizing EMF could produce detectable biological changes. The research emerged as high-powered radar technology made it possible to generate microwave fields intense enough to study biological impacts. This was groundbreaking work establishing that lower-energy radiation like microwaves could affect living systems.
LEVITINA NA · 1966
This 1966 study investigated how microwave radiation affects heart rhythm in frogs, focusing specifically on non-thermal effects that occur without heating tissue. Researchers examined changes in cardiac contraction patterns when frog hearts were exposed to microwave energy. This early research helped establish that electromagnetic fields can influence biological systems through mechanisms beyond just heating.
Trukhan E M · 1966
This 1966 study explored whether proteins and nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) act like semiconductors that can conduct electricity. The researchers investigated the theoretical possibility that biological molecules have electrical properties similar to electronic materials, though specific experimental results weren't detailed in the available abstract.
Ikeda H. · 1966
This 1966 Japanese study tested how well common building materials block microwave radiation at 2450 MHz (the same frequency used in microwave ovens). Researchers found that 10 cm thick concrete blocked 99.2% of radiation, while wood (lauan) only blocked 81%, and glass was largely ineffective at just 51% blocking.
Carl M. Olsen, Clifford L. Drake, Stuart L. Bunch · 1966
This 1966 study examined how microwave energy affects various microorganisms and found that microwaves killed bacteria and fungi through non-thermal mechanisms distinct from conventional heating. The research showed microwave exposure reduced bacterial populations by up to 99% and altered cellular respiration in ways that simple heat treatment could not explain.
Glenn Heimer · 1966
This 1966 U.S. Navy technical report examined radio frequency radiation hazards in naval operations, focusing on safety measures around RF antennas and electromagnetic field exposures. The study represents early military recognition of potential health risks from high-powered radio frequency equipment used in naval communications and radar systems.
A. N. Bereznitskaya · 1966
Soviet researchers in 1966 studied how 10-centimeter microwave radiation affected reproductive capacity in female mice. This early research examined whether microwave exposure could impact fertility and breeding success in laboratory animals. The study represents one of the earliest investigations into how electromagnetic radiation might interfere with mammalian reproduction.
William A. Palmisano, Alois Peczenik · 1966
This 1966 research by Palmisano examined microwave hazards and exposure criteria, focusing on biological effects and thermal influences from microwave radiation. The study contributed to early understanding of how microwaves affect living organisms through heating effects. This work helped establish foundational knowledge for microwave safety standards during the early development of microwave technology.
J. Richard Toleikis et al. · 1966
This 1966 study developed techniques to record individual brain cell activity in squirrel monkeys during electroanesthesia using 70 Hz electrical pulses. Researchers found they could measure how electrical current dramatically changed the firing patterns of single neurons in the brain's sensory-motor cortex. The work established methods for studying how electrical fields affect brain cell function at the most fundamental level.
J. A. Tanner · 1966
This 1966 study by J.A. Tanner examined how microwave radiation affects birds, investigating both thermal (heating) effects and behavioral changes. The research focused on understanding how electromagnetic fields from microwave frequencies impact avian biology and behavior patterns. This early work helped establish foundational knowledge about microwave radiation effects on living organisms.
Shiro Takashima · 1966
This 1966 study examined whether radio-frequency electric fields between 1 and 60 MHz could damage biological molecules like DNA and enzymes. Using pulsed fields and cooling to avoid heating effects, researchers found no changes to the structure of DNA or the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme even after prolonged high-intensity exposure.
Paul H. Carr · 1966
This 1966 technical report examined how microwave radiation generates harmonic phonons (sound waves at the atomic level) through radiation pressure and phonon interactions. The research explored the fundamental physics of how microwave energy transfers into matter at the molecular scale. This work helped establish early understanding of how microwave radiation interacts with biological materials.
Monayenkova · 1966
This 1966 Soviet research investigated how super-high frequency (SHF) electromagnetic fields affect blood circulation and heart function, measuring hemodynamic indices during microwave exposure. The study represents early scientific recognition that microwave radiation could influence cardiovascular systems. While specific findings aren't available, this research helped establish the foundation for understanding EMF effects on blood flow and heart function.
Joseph H. Vogelman · 1966
This 1966 review analyzed early microwave research from the US and abroad, examining biological effects across wavelengths from 1-50 centimeters where human body size matches the radiation wavelength. The analysis categorized effects into thermal (heating), peak thermal, and non-thermal mechanisms, finding mixed results across all categories.
Yu. A. Trifonov, I. A. Utina · 1966
This 1966 study examined L-type retinal cells in tortoises, finding that these cells produce electrical responses without changing their membrane resistance. Unlike typical nerve cells, these horizontal retinal cells showed electrical activity that didn't correlate with membrane potential changes, suggesting a unique mechanism of cellular response.
L. N. TUMARKINA, N. A. DUBROVSKII · 1966
This 1966 Soviet study examined how humans perceive amplitude-modulated signals (sounds that vary in loudness over time) using white noise and pure tones. Researchers investigated what auditory cues people use to detect these modulated signals and how training improves perception. The study explored fundamental mechanisms of how our hearing system processes information-carrying sounds.
