Akdag MZ et al. · 2016
The study used 16 adult male Wistar-Albino rats, with 8 exposed to 2.4 GHz radiation for over a year and 8 sham-exposed. DNA damage in brain, liver, kidney, skin, and testicular tissues was measured using the comet assay as percentage tail DNA. Percentage tail DNA increased in brain, kidney, liver, and skin of exposed rats but the increases were not statistically significant. In contrast, DNA damage in testicular tissue increased significantly (p < 0.01). The authors concluded that long-term 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi exposure does not cause DNA damage in the examined organs except testes, which appear more sensitive.
Sun ZC et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed a mammalian central synapse to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields for 8 to 10 days. The exposure increased calcium influx upon stimulation and facilitated all forms of vesicle endocytosis without changing the readily releasable pool size or exocytosis. The exposure also potentiated post-tetanic potentiation by increasing its peak amplitude without altering its time course. The mechanism involved enhanced expression of P/Q, N, and R type calcium channels at the presynaptic terminal.
Sales PM, de Andrade LM, Pitcher MR, Rola FH, Gondim FA. · 2016
Twenty-five male Wistar rats were divided into five subgroups of five animals each, receiving either no drug, Levodopa plus Benserazide for two or seven days, or Haloperidol for two days, and were exposed to sham then real cervicothoracic rEMS. In drug-free rats, rEMS reduced walking and increased cornering duration. Levodopa plus Benserazide pretreatment for two or seven days caused an additional decrease in walking after rEMS, with the greatest reduction after seven days, and it abolished climbing while increasing cornering.
Rostami A et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed male rats to 3 Hz and 60 Hz ELF/EMF using a protocol of two cycles of 2 hours per day for four days with a two-day interval. Immediately after exposure, locomotor activity was significantly lower in both exposed groups compared with sham-exposed rats. The exposure did not change anxiety-like behavior or short-term memory over the following two weeks. Electrophysiological recording showed a significant reduction in locus coeruleus firing rate after two hours of exposure. Proteomic analysis indicated global changes in the whole brain proteome after treatment.
Ambalayam S, Jain S, Mathur R. · 2016
Researchers divided 44 male Wistar rats into groups including sham, spinal cord injury, injury with magnetic field exposure, ventromedial hypothalamus lesion, lesion after injury, and lesion after injury with magnetic field exposure. Magnetic field exposure improved the study parameters, reduced c-Fos immunoreactivity in the ventromedial hypothalamus, reduced lesion volume, and increased myelination and neuronal regeneration at the injury site.
Kerimoğlu G et al. · 2016
Eighteen male Sprague Dawley rats aged 21 days were randomly assigned to control, sham, and EMF groups. The EMF group received a 900-MHz field for one hour each day throughout adolescence while the sham group was placed in the same cage without exposure. The EMF-exposed rats had fewer pyramidal neurons, more pyknotic neurons, higher malondialdehyde and glutathione levels, and lower catalase levels than the other groups.
Kerimoğlu G, Aslan A, Baş O, Çolakoğlu S, Odacı E. · 2016
Houston BJ, Nixon B, King BV, De Iuliis GN, Aitken RJ. · 2016
The review examined 27 studies on RF-EMR effects on the male reproductive system. Eleven of 15 studies on sperm motility reported significant declines, all seven studies measuring ROS found elevated levels, and four of five studies on DNA damage reported increased damage. RF-EMR reduced antioxidant levels in all six studies that assessed them, and antioxidant supplementation ameliorated effects in all three studies that tested it.
Fatma M. Ghoneim, Eetmad A. Arafat. · 2016
Lai HC, Chan HW, Singh NP · 2016
Researchers exposed three human cancer cell lines to RFID microchip-emitted radiofrequency field for one hour. The radiofrequency energy effectively killed or retarded the growth of all three cancer cell types. The effect was blocked by pretreatment with a spin-trap compound or an iron chelator. An inactive microchip and external energy source had no significant effect on the cells.
Kunt H et al. · 2016
Researchers measured bone mineral density, thyroid hormones, and oxidative stress markers in electrical workers and controls. Bone mineral density of the lumbar vertebrae and femur was significantly lower in the exposed workers. Serum ALP, phosphor, RANK, RANKL, TOS, OSI, and left thyroid lobe diameter were higher, while OPG, TAS, and FT4 were lower in the exposed group.
Asghar T, Jamil Y, Iqbal M, Zia-Ul-Haq, Abbas M · 2016
The study examined how laser light and magnetic field pre-sowing treatments affect soybean seeds and seedlings during early growth stages. Both treatments significantly increased specific enzyme activities, biochemical contents, and chlorophyll contents compared to untreated seeds. Magnetic field treatment showed slightly higher effects than laser treatment except for protease, amylase, and ascorbic acid.
Yang L, Chen Q, Lv B, Wu T · 2016
Researchers evaluated changes in EEG due to LTE EMF exposure. Exposure reduced spectral power and interhemispheric coherence in the alpha and beta bands of frontal and temporal brain regions. No significant change was observed in spectral power and interhemispheric coherence across different timeslots during and after exposure.
Shehu A, Mohammed A, Magaji RA, Muhammad MS · 2016
Twenty five male wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of 5 animals each. The animals in groups II to V were exposed to a 10 min call consisting of 30 missed calls of 20 s each per day for 4 weeks. Open arm duration was significantly decreased in all experimental groups compared with the control. Catalase activity was significantly decreased in group IV and group V compared with the control.
Odacı E et al. · 2016
Purkinje cell numbers in the cerebellum of 32-day-old female offspring were significantly lower in the EMF group compared to both control and sham groups. Pathological changes including pyknotic neurons with dark cytoplasm were observed in the EMF group.
Mugunthan N et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed 36 mice to 2G mobile phone radiation for 48 minutes per day over 30 to 180 days. Neuron density was significantly lower in the CA1, CA2, and DGDB regions of exposed mice from the first to sixth month. Neuron density was significantly higher in the CA3 and DGVB regions of exposed mice. Nuclear diameter of neurons was lower in all studied hippocampal regions of exposed mice from the first to sixth month.
Kim JY, Kim HJ, Kim N, Kwon JH, Park MJ · 2016
The study examined how radiofrequency radiation affects glutamate-induced oxidative stress in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. RF exposure alone marginally affected cell proliferation but significantly increased glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. Glutamate raised ROS levels and RF exposure further increased ROS production. NAC treatment completely abrogated glutamate- and RF-induced ROS production and cell death, restoring cell proliferation. Treatment with a JNK inhibitor restored cell proliferation.
İkinci A et al. · 2016
The study began with 24 Sprague-Dawley male rats aged 3 weeks, divided equally into control, sham, and EMF exposure groups. EMF group rats were exposed to 900 MHz EMF for 1 hour daily from postnatal day 21 to 46. Biochemistry showed significantly increased malondialdehyde and glutathione in the EMF group versus control and sham, while catalase and superoxide dismutase were higher in both sham and EMF groups versus control. Light microscopy revealed spinal cord atrophy, vacuolization, myelin thickening, and perikarya irregularities in the EMF group. Transmission electron microscopy showed loss of myelin sheath integrity, invagination into the axon, and broad vacuoles in axoplasm.
Çeliker M et al. · 2016
Fourteen adult Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into two groups of seven, with the study group exposed continuously for 30 days to a 2100 MHz GSM-like electromagnetic field at 5.4 dBm (3.47 mW) to simulate mobile phone talk mode. Auditory brainstem responses recorded after 30 days did not differ significantly between exposed and control rats. Histopathologic analysis showed increased degeneration signs in the exposed group (p = 0.007), and immunohistochemical analysis revealed an increased apoptotic index (p = 0.002).
He GL et al. · 2016
Choi Y-J, Choi Y-S · 2016
Male mice were exposed for 9 weeks and female mice for 11 weeks to smartphone electromagnetic radiation. Spatial working memory was tested with a Y maze and hippocampal progenitor cell proliferation was measured using BrdU labeling. After 9 weeks there was no significant difference in spontaneous alternation scores or hippocampal progenitor cell proliferation between exposed and control mice.
Rowley JT, Joyner KH. · 2016
The study analyzed more than 50 million data points from the Italian national fixed RF monitoring network operating from June 2002 to November 2006. They used a modified Regression on Order Statistics approach to handle the 39.8% of entries below the detection sensitivity. The mean mobile communications band level was 0.047 μW/cm(2) for 2005-2006, and annual wideband levels varied by no more than 18% over 2002-2006. The authors concluded that mean environmental RF levels from cellular mobile communications systems are typically less than 0.1 μW/cm(2).
Valbonesi P, Franzellitti S, Bersani F, Contin A, Fabbri E. · 2016
Researchers exposed rat PC12 cells to a 1.8 GHz 217-GSM signal at 2 W/kg SAR for 24 hours. AChE enzyme activity was measured by Ellman's method, mRNA by real-time PCR, and protein by Western blotting. AChE enzymatic activity increased 1.4-fold in exposed cells, while mRNA and protein expression were not affected. The authors report this as the first evidence of RF-EMF effects on AChE activity in mammalian cells at this SAR.
Uskalova DV, Igolkina YV, Sarapultseva EI. · 2016
Researchers analyzed morphofunctional disorders in Spirostomum ambiguum protozoa after 30-, 60-, and 360-min exposure to a 1 GHz electromagnetic field at an energy flow density of 50 μW/cm(2) using intravital computer morphometry. Significant disorders in morphometric values correlated with low mobility of the protozoa. The results suggested using intravital computer morphometry on protozoa for early diagnosis of radiation-induced effects of mobile communication electromagnetic fields, for example low mobility of spermatozoa.
Tanvir S et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed human CPR to 1966-MHz RF for 60 minutes using a TEM cell in an incubator at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 5W·kg(-1). The Michaelis Menten constant (Km) and maximum initial velocity (Vmax) decreased by 22% compared with controls. Conformational changes were detected via fluorescent spectroscopy of flavin and tryptophan residues and investigated with circular dichroism, dynamic light scattering, and microelectrophoresis.
