EMF Research Studies

Effects of pre- and postnatal exposure to 1880-1900MHz DECT base radiation on development in the rat.

Stasinopoulou M et al. · 2016

Effects of RF-EMF Exposure from GSM Mobile Phones on Proliferation Rate of Human Adipose-derived Stem Cells: An In-vitro Study.

Shahbazi-Gahrouei D, Hashemi-Beni B, Ahmadi Z. · 2016

Researchers exposed human adipose-derived stem cells to GSM 900 MHz radiation at 354.6 µW/cm2 for 6 to 21 minutes per day over 5 days at 20 cm distance. Cell proliferation was measured using MTT assay and cell viability with trypan blue test. Proliferation rates were significantly lower in all exposure groups compared to controls except for the 6 minutes per day group. The authors concluded that 900 MHz RF radiation can reduce cell viability and proliferation rates depending on exposure duration.

GSM 900 MHz Microwave Radiation-Induced Alterations of Insulin Level and Histopathological Changes of Liver and Pancreas in Rat.

Mortazavi SM et al. · 2016

The study investigated the effects of radiofrequency radiation from GSM mobile phones on insulin release in rats. RF radiation did not alter insulin release in the rats. Mild to severe inflammatory changes in the portal spaces of the liver and damage to the cells of the islet of Langerhans were observed. The changes were linked to the duration of exposure.

Immune responses of a wall lizard to whole-body exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation.

Mina D et al. · 2016

The study investigated the effects of radiofrequency EMR from a DECT base on the immune responses of the Aegean wall lizard. Adult male lizards were exposed 24 h/day for 8 weeks to 1880-1900 MHz DECT base radiation at an average electric field intensity of 3.2 V/m. Inflammatory responses were suppressed by approximately 45% in exposed lizards compared to sham-exposed animals. T cell-mediated responses were marginally affected. Immune reactivity was assessed using the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) skin swelling and mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) tests.

Induction of Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase in Mouse Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Exposed to 900 MHz Radiofrequency Fields: Preliminary Observations.

He Q, Sun Y, Zong L, Tong J, Cao Y. · 2016

Researchers exposed mouse bone marrow stromal cells to 900 MHz RF at 120 μW/cm(2) power intensity for 3 hours/day for 5 days. The study measured PARP-1 mRNA and protein levels at multiple time points after exposure using RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. Cells exposed to radiofrequency fields showed significantly increased PARP-1 mRNA and protein levels, while sham-exposed cells did not show such changes.

Effect of Radiofrequency Radiation on Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells.

Gläser K et al. · 2016

Researchers irradiated human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and HL-60 cells at GSM (900 MHz), UMTS (1,950 MHz), and LTE (2,535 MHz) frequencies, at intensities ranging from 0 to 4 W/kg SAR, for short and long exposure periods. Studied endpoints included apoptosis, oxidative stress, cell cycle, DNA damage, and DNA repair. In all but one endpoint, no clear effect of mobile phone radiation was detected; the only alteration was a small but statistically significant decrease in DNA damage in HSC exposed to GSM modulation for 4 hours.

Neurobiological effects of repeated radiofrequency exposures in male senescent rats.

Bouji M, Lecomte A, Gamez C, Blazy K, Villégier AS. · 2016

Researchers exposed aged (22–24 months) and young (4–6 months) adult male rats to head RF-EMF exposures at 900 MHz, with a specific absorption rate of 6 W/kg, for 45 minutes per day for 1 month. Aged rats showed deficits in spatial learning, exploration, anxiety-related behaviors, and increased hippocampal ILs and cortical IL-1β. The senescence-typical neurobiological deficits were not modified by RF-EMF exposures, and the study did not support the hypothesis of a specific cerebral vulnerability to RF-EMF during senescence. RF-EMF-exposed rats, with young and aged adults pooled, had decreased anxiety-related behaviors in the elevated plus maze.

Effects of GSM-like radiofrequency irradiation during the oogenesis and spermiogenesis of Xenopus laevis.

Boga A, Emre M, Sertdemir Y, Uncu İ, Binokay S, Demirhan O. · 2016

Researchers exposed adult Xenopus laevis frogs to GSM-like radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation at 900 MHz for 8 hours a day over a 5-week period, then measured effects on the embryos produced from different combinations of exposed and unexposed parents. In the control group, 2.2% of embryos were abnormal and none were dead; when only males were exposed, embryo abnormality rose to 3.3% and dead embryos rose to 8.3%. When only females were exposed, abnormal and dead embryo rates each reached 11.7%; when both parents were exposed, dead embryos reached 15% and abnormal embryos reached 11.7%. Offspring of RF-exposed females also showed more aggressive behavior compared with the control group.

Radiofrequency-electromagnetic field exposures in kindergarten children.

Bhatt CR, Redmayne M, Billah B, Abramson MJ, Benke G. · 2016

Researchers measured radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposures in kindergarten children in Melbourne, Australia. Measurements covered 16 frequency bands between 88 MHz and 5.8 GHz. The median environmental exposure across all bands was 179 mV/m, while the median personal exposure across all bands was 81 mV/m.

Mobile phone signal exposure triggers a hormesis-like effect in Atm+/+ and Atm-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts.

Sun C, Wei X, Fei Y, Su L, Zhao X, Chen G, Xu Z. · 2016

Researchers compared the effects of 1,800 MHz RF-EMF exposure on genomic DNA in mouse embryonic fibroblasts with proficient (Atm+/+) or deficient (Atm−/−) ATM. In Atm+/+ cells, exposure for 1 hour at an average special absorption rate of 4.0 W/kg induced significant DNA single-strand breaks and activated the SSB repair mechanism. That repair effect reduced DNA damage to less than background levels after 36 hours of exposure. In Atm−/− cells, the same RF-EMF exposure for 12 hours induced both SSBs and double-strand breaks and activated the two repair processes, also reducing damage below the control level after prolonged exposure. The researchers described this as the first reported hormesis-like effect of an RF-EMF.

Adaptive response in mouse bone-marrow stromal cells exposed to 900-MHz radiofrequency fields: Gamma-radiation-induced DNA strand breaks and repair.

Ji Y, He Q, Sun Y, Tong J, Cao Y. · 2016

Researchers preexposed mouse bone-marrow stromal cells to 900-MHz radiofrequency fields at 120 μW/cm2 for 4 hours per day for 5 days, then exposed some cells to 1.5 Gy gamma radiation. Radiofrequency exposure alone produced no significant differences in DNA strand breaks compared to control cells. When radiofrequency preexposure was followed by gamma radiation, the number of DNA strand breaks was significantly decreased and repair was faster compared to gamma radiation alone.

Exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields alters the behaviour, physiology and stress protein levels of desert locusts.

Wyszkowska J, Shepherd S, Sharkh S, Jackson CW, Newland PL. · 2016

Researchers exposed desert locusts to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields and measured effects on behaviour, physiology, and stress proteins. Exposure above 4 mT led to reduced walking in the locusts. Recordings from the fast extensor tibiae motor neuron showed increased spike latency and a broadening of its spike in exposed animals, hind leg kick force was reduced, and stress-protein levels (Hsp70) increased.

Magnetoreception Regulates Male Courtship Activity in Drosophila.

Wu CL, Fu TF, Chiang MH, Chang YW, Her JL, Wu T. · 2016

Researchers found that male Drosophila exposed to a static magnetic field of at least 20 Gauss showed significantly increased courtship activity compared with behavior in the natural environment at 0 Gauss. This increase in courtship activity depended on the photoreceptor cryptochrome, as flies lacking CRY did not show an increased courtship index in a magnetic field. Restoring CRY expression in CRY-deficient flies brought back the magnetic-field-related increase in male courtship index.

The effect of continuous ELF-MFs on the level of 5-HIAA in the raphe nucleus of the rat.

Shahbazi-Gahrouei D, Shiri L, Alaei H, Naghdi N. · 2016

Researchers investigated the effect of extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) at 10 Hz and 690–720 μT on the level of 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) in adult male Wistar rats. A total of 24 adult Wistar male rats were exposed to the magnetic field for 15 successive days, after which 5-HIAA was measured from dialysate samples using high performance liquid chromatography. Exposure for 3 hours daily decreased 5-HIAA in the raphe nucleus, but exposure for 1 hour daily was not effective in altering the level of 5-HIAA.

The Cytome Assay as a Tool to Investigate the Possible Association Between Exposure to Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields and an Increased Risk for Alzheimer's Disease.

Maes A, Anthonissen R, Wambacq S, Simons K, Verschaeve L. · 2016

Researchers conducted an in vitro cytogenetic laboratory investigation to explore a possible association between extremely low frequency magnetic fields and Alzheimer's disease risk. The study found that 50 Hz ELF-MF increased the frequency of cells with large micronuclei and nuclear buds, suggesting that fields above 50 μT may induce chromosome instabilities like those found in Alzheimer's disease patients. The researchers noted that results from other published experimental studies on ELF-MF and Alzheimer's disease are described as rather reassuring.

Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Promote In Vitro Neuronal Differentiation and Neurite Outgrowth of Embryonic Neural Stem Cells via Up-Regulating TRPC1.

Ma Q et al. · 2016

Researchers studied the effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) on embryonic neural stem cells (eNSCs) in the laboratory. Cells were exposed to ELF-EMF at 50 Hz and 1 mT for 4 hours per day over 1, 2, and 3 days. ELF-EMF exposure increased the ratio of differentiated neurons and promoted neurite outgrowth without influencing astrocyte differentiation or cell apoptosis.

Improved Mitochondrial and Methylglyoxal-Related Metabolisms Support Hyperproliferation Induced by 50 Hz Magnetic Field in Neuroblastoma Cells.

Falone S et al. · 2016

Researchers investigated whether hyperproliferation induced by a 50 Hz, 1 mT ELF magnetic field in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells is supported by improved defense against methylglyoxal and by rewiring of energy metabolism. The ELF magnetic field interfered with the biology of these malignant cells by further de-differentiating the cellular phenotype and increasing proliferative activity. The magnetic field also triggered cytoprotective mechanisms, including enhanced defense against methylglyoxal and more efficient management of metabolic energy, presumably to support rapid cell outgrowth.

Competition between hydrogen bonding and protein aggregation in neuronal-like cells under exposure to 50 Hz magnetic field.

Calabrò E. · 2016

Researchers exposed human SH-SY5Y neuronal-like cells to a 50 Hz magnetic field and examined protein changes using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. After exposure, the vibration bands of the methylene group increased significantly, and a significant shift to low energies of the Amide I band was observed. An increase in the intensity of parallel and antiparallel β-sheet structures relative to the α-helix component was also observed after exposure. The authors interpreted these results as suggesting that both protein aggregation and increased hydrogen bonding occurred in the exposed neuronal-like cells.

The apoptotic effect and the plausible mechanism of microwave radiation on rat myocardial cells.

Zhu W, Cui Y, Feng X, Li Y, Zhang W, Xu J, Wang H, Lv S. · 2016

Rats were treated with 2450 MHz microwave radiation at 50, 100, 150, or 200 mW/cm(2) for 6 min. Microwave treatment increased malondialdehyde content while decreasing antioxidative stress enzymes, activities of enzyme complexes I-IV, and ATP in myocardial tissues. Irradiated myocardial cells exhibited structural damage and underwent apoptosis. The researchers suggested that microwave irradiation could induce myocardial cell apoptosis by interfering with oxidative stress and cardiac energy metabolism.

The 2100MHz radiofrequency radiation of a 3G-mobile phone and the DNA oxidative damage in brain.

Şahin D et al. · 2016

The main finding was increased oxidative DNA damage in the brain after 10 days of exposure, while after 40 days oxidative DNA damage was decreased compared to control groups. A decreased level of the lipid peroxidation marker MDA was also observed after 40 days of exposure.

Effects of long-term exposure to 900 megahertz electromagnetic field on heart morphology and biochemistry of male adolescent rats.

Kerimoğlu G et al. · 2016

Male rats were divided into control, sham, and EMF-exposed groups, with the EMF group exposed to 900 MHz EMF for 1 hour per day between postnatal days 21 and 59. Biochemical analysis showed increased malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase levels, and reduced glutathione and catalase levels in the EMF-exposed group compared to controls. The percentage of apoptotic myocardial cells in the EMF-exposed group was higher than in either the sham or control groups, and electron microscopy revealed altered Z band structure, decreased myofilaments, and pronounced vacuolization.

Effects of cell phone radiation on lipid peroxidation, glutathione and nitric oxide levels in mouse brain during epileptic seizure

Esmekaya MA et al. · 2016

Researchers studied whether cellular phone radiation affects oxidative stress and nitric oxide levels in mouse brain during epileptic seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). Eight-week-old mice were divided into groups: a PTZ-only control group, a group exposed to 15 minutes of radiation before and 30 minutes after PTZ treatment, and a group exposed to 30 minutes of radiation before and 30 minutes after PTZ treatment. Lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide levels increased significantly in the radiation-exposed groups compared to the control group, while glutathione levels were significantly lower in those same groups.

Neuroprotective effects of lotus seedpod procyanidins on extremely low frequency electromagnetic field-induced neurotoxicity in primary cultured hippocampal neurons.

Yin C, Luo X, Duan Y, Duan W, Zhang H, He Y, Sun G, Sun X · 2016

Researchers investigated whether lotus seedpod procyanidins (LSPCs) could protect primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons from extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF)-induced neurotoxicity. ELF-EMF exposure significantly decreased cell viability and increased the number of apoptotic cells compared with control. LSPCs evidently protected the hippocampal neurons against ELF-EMF-induced cell damage, and the researchers concluded this occurred through inhibiting oxidative stress and a mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.

Electromagnetic pulse activated brain microglia via the p38 MAPK pathway

Yang LL et al. · 2016

Researchers investigated whether electromagnetic pulse (EMP) exposure could activate brain microglia via the p38 MAPK pathway in rats. The expression of OX-42, a marker of microglia activation, increased significantly at 1, 6 and 12 hours after EMP exposure, then recovered to sham group levels at 24 hours. Levels of NO, TNF-α and IL-10 also changed significantly in vivo and in vitro after EMP exposure. Results suggested that EMP exposure at 200 kV/m, 200 pulses could activate microglia in rat brain and affect its secretory function, with the p38 pathway involved.

Influence of environmental static electric field on antioxidant enzymes activities in hepatocytes of mice.

Wu SX, Xu YQ, Di GQ, Jiang JH, Xin L, Wu TY · 2016

Researchers exposed male mice to environmental static electric fields for 35 days and measured antioxidant enzyme activity in liver homogenates. Superoxide dismutase activity increased significantly in both exposed groups on the 7th and 35th days, while glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, and malonaldehyde showed only minimal changes. The researchers concluded that there was a weak relationship between exposure to environmental static electric fields and hepatic oxidative stress in living organisms.