Zhang G et al. · 2016
The study screened 794 young men in 2013 and followed 666 and 568 participants in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Univariate regression showed that daily talking duration on a cell phone was significantly associated with lower sperm concentration and total sperm count in 2013, and with lower semen volume and total sperm count in 2015. Internet use via cellular networks was associated with decreased sperm concentration and total sperm counts in 2013 and decreased semen volume in 2015, and these associations remained significant after multivariate adjustment for confounders.
Waldmann-Selsam C et al. · 2016
A long-term field monitoring study from 2006 to 2015 in Bamberg and Hallstadt, Germany, included 144 radiofrequency measurements at 1.5m height in streets and parks. Researchers selected 60 damaged trees, 30 randomly selected trees, and 30 trees in low-radiation areas. Measurements revealed significant differences in power flux density between the damaged side facing a phone mast and the opposite side, and between the exposed side of damaged trees and all other groups. Trees in low-radiation areas with no visual contact to phone masts and power flux density under 50μW/m2 showed no damage.
Vian A, Davies E, Gendraud M, Bonnet P. · 2016
The review identifies exposure devices and illustrates plant responses at cellular, molecular, and whole-plant scales. Low-power high-frequency EMF modifies numerous metabolic activities, alters gene expression, and reduces growth. These changes occur systemically in distant tissues, not only in directly exposed tissues.
Türedi S, Hancı H, Çolakoğlu S, Kaya H, Odacı E. · 2016
Researchers exposed pregnant Sprague Dawley rats to continuous 900-MHz EMF for one hour daily on gestational days 13-21. Female offspring were evaluated on postnatal day 34 for ovarian follicle counts and histopathology. Exposed offspring showed significantly fewer primordial and tertiary follicles and more atretic follicles and higher apoptotic index than controls. Histopathology revealed severe follicle degeneration, vasocongestion, increased stromal fibrotic tissue, and cytoplasmic vacuolization in granulosa cells.
Siqueira EC et al. · 2016
Researchers studied 83 Brazilian individuals to compare cytokine levels in saliva from the parotid gland exposed to cell phone radiation (ipsilateral) versus the contralateral gland. After multiple testing correction, they found decreased IL-10 and increased IL-1β in the ipsilateral side compared to the contralateral side (P < 0.05). Subjects who used cell phones for more than 10 years showed larger differences in IL-10 levels between sides (P = 0.0012). No differences were observed for any parameter in relation to monthly cell phone usage in minutes.
Singh K et al. · 2016
The study aimed to compare health complaints and salivary flow rates between populations living near and far from mobile phone base stations in Jaipur, India. Sleep disturbances were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and other health problems were recorded via questionnaire. A majority of residents near the base stations reported sleep disturbances, headache, dizziness, irritability, concentration difficulties, and hypertension. Stimulated salivary secretion was significantly lower in the exposed group compared to controls (P < 0.01). The authors concluded that prolonged exposure effects cannot be ruled out and further studies are warranted.
Shekoohi Shooli F et al. · 2016
In this study 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups of ten. The control group received no radiation, the sham group was exposed to a switched-off jammer, and the exposure group was placed 50 cm from the jammer after a 12-hour fast. A statistically significant difference was observed between the control and exposure groups at 24, 48, and 72 hours (p <0.001, <0.001, and 0.002), while no significant difference was found between control and sham groups.
Sagioglou NE et al. · 2016
Researchers studied apoptosis in the model biological system Drosophila melanogaster under different exposure protocols. A signal generator was used operating alternatively under Continuous Wave (CW) or Frequency Modulation (FM) emission modes, at three power output values (10 dB, 0, -10 dB), under four carrier frequencies (100, 395, 682, 900 MHz). Newly emerged flies were exposed either acutely for 6 or 60 minutes on the sixth day, or repeatedly for 6 or 60 minutes daily for the first six days of their life. All exposure protocols resulted in an increase of apoptotic cell death observed in egg chambers, even at very low electric field strengths. FM waves seem to have a stronger effect in ACD than continuous waves.
Safian F et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed mouse 2-cell embryos to EMF (900–1800 MHz) for 30 minutes per day over four days and compared them with unexposed controls. The rate of embryo survival to the blastocyst stage was similar in both groups. However, the percentage of dead embryos at the 2-cell stage was significantly higher in the EMF-exposed group, and loss of cell viability significantly increased in experimental blastocysts.
Pfützner, H · 2016
The author argues that classical polarization theory provides a conventional interpretation for previously unclarified effects, their low reproducibility, and low intensity. A consistent interpretation based on temperature increase at nanometer-sized molecular compounds is proposed to favor interdisciplinary discussions on safety regulations. The concept assumes that hot spots contain even hotter nano spots on a molecular level according to γ-relaxation mechanisms, within a heterogeneous system of water molecules and larger functional molecules.
Paik MJ, Kim HS, Lee YS, Do Choi H, Pack JK, Kim N, Ahn YH · 2016
Researchers performed metabolomic analysis of urinary polyamines from rats exposed to 915 MHz RFID signals for 8 h/day for 2 weeks using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Total polyamine levels and eight specific polyamines decreased after both sham and RFID exposure compared to before exposure, while N(1)-acetylspermine increased significantly in both groups. N(1)-acetylspermine rose 54% after RFID exposure versus 17% in the sham group.
Oster S et al. · 2016
Researchers developed and characterized a flexible experimental setup based on a transverse electromagnetic waveguide for controlled, reproducible exposure of developing neuronal networks in vitro. The Stripline showed very good performance in the 800-1000 MHz band, with simulations indicating uniform specific absorption rate values of 361.7 ± 11.4 mW/kg at 1 W, 900 MHz across a large exposure area. Thermal drift during exposure did not exceed 0.1 K in the cellular medium. Embryonic rat cortical neurons were cultured on microelectrode array chips for non-invasive electrophysiological assessment over several weeks, demonstrating the system's reliability for long-term studies.
Odacı E et al. · 2016
Pregnant rats were exposed to 900 MHz EMF for 1 hour each day during days 13 to 21 of pregnancy. At 60 days old, offspring showed higher apoptotic index, greater DNA oxidation levels, and lower sperm motility and vitality compared to controls. Histopathological examination revealed immature germ cells in seminiferous tubule lumen and altered seminiferous tubule epithelium and structure. TUNEL staining showed nuclear changes indicating apoptosis with large numbers of apoptotic cells in most seminiferous tubule epithelium.
López-Furelos A et al. · 2016
Forty rats were divided into four groups of ten. Twenty-four hours after exposure, HSP 90 and HSP 70 levels differed between cerebral hemispheres at high SAR, while caspase-3 did not. In cerebellar hemispheres, single RF exposure at high SAR altered HSP 90, HSP 70, and caspase-3 compared with controls. The combined signals did not produce additive effects on absorbed energy or biological outcomes.
Kuybulu AE et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed male Wistar rats pre- and post-natally to 2.45 GHz wireless electromagnetic fields. The study included pre-natal, post-natal, and sham exposure groups. Spot urine NAG/creatinine ratio was significantly higher in both pre- and post-natal groups, and tubular injury was detected in most post-natal specimens. Pre-natal exposure showed low Bax and high Bcl-2 staining in kidney cortex and medulla, with higher Bcl2/Bax ratios than sham.
Grell K et al. · 2016
Researchers used a point process model to investigate the association using tumor localization data from the INTERPHONE Study across Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The association was statistically significant and independent of cumulative call time and cumulative number of calls. The main analysis included 792 regular mobile phone users diagnosed with a glioma between 2000 and 2004.
Fornes-Leal A et al. · 2016
The dielectric constant of cancerous tissue was 8.8% higher than healthy tissue with statistical significance (p = 0.002). Conductivity was about 10.6% higher in cancerous tissue but the measurements did not have statistical significance (p = 0.038). Per-patient analysis showed systematic differences in dielectric constant between healthy and malignant tissues.
Erkut A et al. · 2016
Pregnant rats were exposed to 1800 MHz electromagnetic field for six, 12, or 24 hours daily for 20 days, and offspring were evaluated at 60 days after birth. Increasing prenatal exposure duration significantly reduced resting cartilage levels and increased apoptotic chondrocytes and myocytes. Calcineurin activity decreased in bone and muscle, and femur, tibia, and ulna development was impaired, especially with 24-hour daily exposure.
El-Gohary OA, Said MA. · 2016
Rats were randomly divided into six groups including controls, vitamin D only, EMF 1 h/day, EMF 2 h/day, and combined EMF and vitamin D groups. After 30 days of exposure, 1 h/day EMF significantly decreased immunoglobulin levels (IgA, IgE, IgM, IgG) and total leukocyte, lymphocyte, eosinophil, and basophil counts, while significantly increasing neutrophil and monocyte counts. The changes were more pronounced in rats exposed to 2 h/day EMF. Vitamin D supplementation reversed these immune alterations in EMF-exposed rats. Shorter exposures of 7, 14, and 21 days produced no significant differences among groups.
Ekici B, Tanındı A, Ekici G, Diker E. · 2016
The study included one hundred forty-eight healthy individuals who had used mobile phones for over 10 years and underwent 24-hour ambulatory ECG monitoring. Participants were divided into four groups based on daily mobile phone use: no use, less than 30 minutes, 30 to 60 minutes, and more than 60 minutes per day. The LF/HF ratio was higher and SDNN, SDANN, RMSSD, and pNN50 were lower in the mobile phone use groups compared to the control group, while heart rate, VLF, and total power did not differ significantly.
Chapman S, Azizi L, Luo Q, Sitas F. · 2016
Researchers examined age and gender specific brain cancer incidence rates for 19,858 males and 14,222 females diagnosed in Australia between 1982 and 2012 alongside mobile phone usage data from 1987 to 2012. Age-adjusted brain cancer incidence rates were stable in females and rose slightly in males over the 30-year period. Modelled expected rates assuming a causal relative risk of 1.5 with a 10-year lag were substantially higher than observed rates in 2012, with 1434 cases observed versus 1867 expected. Significant increases in incidence were seen only in people aged 70 years and older, and this increase began in 1982 before mobile phones were introduced.
Buckus R, Strukcinskiene B, Raistenskis J, Stukas R. · 2016
The highest electric field strength was found around the ear, where the phone is located. The field strength decreased exponentially moving away from the ear and constituted 1-12% of the artificial head's surface. Higher power, higher SAR, and lower frequency were associated with the highest electric field strength values. The software COMSOL Multiphysics was used to model the electric field strength around the head.
Boehmert C, Wiedemann P, Pye J, Croft R. · 2016
Researchers surveyed 298 university students after they read either a basic text about RF-EMFs or a text with precautionary information. Linear multiple regression with interactions showed that the effect of precautionary messages on threat perception varied with trait anxiety and gender. Precautionary information did not increase state anxiety compared to the basic text. Personal need for structure and personal fear of invalidity were mostly unrelated to the effects.
Banerjee S, Singh NN, Sreedhar G, Mukherjee S. · 2016
The study explored the effects of mobile phone radiation on micronucleus frequency in oral mucosal cells. Subjects were divided into low users (less than five years and less than three hours per week) and high users (more than five years and more than 10 hours per week). High mobile phone users showed a significantly increased number of micronucleated cells per 1000 exfoliated buccal mucosal cells compared to low users. The use of mobile phones with warmth around the ear showed the maximum increase in micronucleated cells. Mobile phone radiation even in the permissible range when used for longer duration causes significant genotoxicity, and the genotoxicity can be avoided to some extent by the regular use of headphones.
Al-Qahtani K. · 2016
The study investigated the association between cellular phone use and parotid gland tumor risk using a hospital-based retrospective case-control design. The study enrolled 26 patients with parotid gland tumors and 61 healthy controls from a tertiary hospital between January 1996 and March 2013. The odds of cellular phone exposure were 3.47 times higher among patients than controls, with a 95% confidence interval of 1.3 to 9.23, indicating statistical significance at the 5% level. An association was observed between cellular phone use for more than one hour daily and parotid tumors, but the authors cautioned that the small sample size limits interpretation.
