Stuart O. Nelson, Laverne E. Stetson · 1974
Researchers reviewed principles for controlling stored-product insects with radio-frequency energy and presented data on dielectric properties of insects and grain. Experimental results confirmed that 39 MHz treatment achieved complete weevil mortality at lower wheat temperatures than 2450 MHz treatment. Delayed mortality was also more severe at 39 MHz than at 2450 MHz. Cost estimates indicated RF methods might be three to five times more expensive than chemical controls.
S. O. Nelson · 1974
C. C. Johnson · 1974
Unknown authors · 1974
S. O. Nelson, L. E. Stetson · 1974
Researchers compared 39-MHz and 2450-MHz radiofrequency electric fields for killing adult rice weevils in hard red winter wheat. Complete mortality was reached at 39 MHz with grain temperatures of about 40°C, whereas 2450 MHz needed about 80°C. Insects surviving 39-MHz exposure showed severe injury and high delayed mortality, while those surviving 2450-MHz exposure moved normally. Progeny emergence was nearly eliminated at 39 MHz above 50°C but persisted across most 2450-MHz treatments.
Becker CM, Malhotra IV, Hedley-Whyte J · 1973
The average maximum radiofrequency current in the electrocardioscope ground electrode was 175 milliamperes (range 20-290). Approximately 100 milliamperes per square centimeter for about 10 seconds can cause skin damage. The authors suggested that radiofrequency inductors (chokes) may prevent these burns.
Smith SW, Brown DG · 1973
The study monitored radiation from 20 Hz to 10 GHz at ten sites within a 25-mile radius of Washington, D.C., using a mobile van equipped with six broadband and six wideband receivers. Peak power densities were summed arithmetically over four biologically relevant frequency bands based on human body absorption percentages.
Col. L. T. Odland, USAF, MC, and associates · 1973
Unknown authors · 1973
Reaction Instruments' dual directional coupler operates above 200 watts from 20 kHz to 2 MHz, and the complete system achieves +12 percent accuracy over its specified ranges. Electronic power meters measure up to kilowatts from 5 kHz to 100 kHz, while Hall-effect meters reach several kilowatts up to 50 kHz with one model extending to 1 MHz.
Unknown authors · 1973
The publication explains that microwaves are a nonionizing form of electromagnetic energy between radio waves and infrared waves. Most studies have shown no significant nutritional differences between microwave and conventional cooking methods. No documented radiation injuries have occurred from microwave ovens used according to manufacturer instructions, although pacemaker interference has been associated with proximity to operating ovens. The FDA established a radiation control standard requiring ovens manufactured after October 6, 1971 to limit emissions and have two safety interlocks. Ovens meeting the federal standard are considered safe for home use when operated according to instructions.
BIGU DEL BLANCO, J. · 1973
Heasty, D. · 1973
O. P. Gandhi · 1973
R. B. Stone et al. · 1973
Glow-discharge treatments at 60 Hz, 15 kHz, and 17.5 kHz for 3 minutes in an evacuated tube raised germination from below 10% to 60–90% in laboratory tests. RF treatments at 1.3–3.1 kV/cm also significantly increased germination, but generally not as much as glow-discharge. In a field test with saw-ginned seed, RF treatment raised emergence from 50% to 76%, while glow-discharge did not significantly increase emergence.
FINCH, E.D., McLEES, B.D. · 1973
B. Stefanov, I. Zlatarov, A. Solakov · 1973
Lawrence T. Odland · 1972
Unknown authors · 1972
Unknown authors · 1972
The guide defines radio frequency and microwave bands from 10 MHz to 300 GHz and describes common sources such as radar, communication systems, medical diathermy, and microwave ovens. It explains that microwaves interact with tissue mainly by converting electromagnetic energy to heat, with penetration depth depending on wavelength. ANSI recommends a maximum power density of 10 mW/cm² for exposures of 0.1 hour or more. ACGIH sets a threshold limit value of 10 mW/cm² for continuous exposure and 25 mW/cm² for intermittent exposure.
Tell R A · 1972
The document illustrates methods for calculating power density and other values associated with environmental radiation from radiofrequency emitters. The report notes that biological effects research precludes specific conclusions about hazardous levels, though general exposure guidelines have been established.
P. S. Rai, H. J. Ball, S. O. Nelson, L. E. Stetson · 1972
Researchers exposed Tenebrio molitor eggs to 39-MHz radiofrequency electric fields at electrode voltages of 2 to 4 kilovolts for 2 to 64 seconds. Percent hatch of 1- and 3-day-old eggs decreased as RF energy level increased, and 1-day-old eggs were more susceptible than 3-day-old eggs. No larvae survived from 1-day-old eggs treated at 4 kilovolts for 32 and 64 seconds, while 3-day-old eggs treated similarly showed low but higher larval survival.
S. O. Nelson · 1972
Gamma radiation at 16 kilorads can sterilize most stored-grain insects, while 20 to 30 kilorads may be needed for all species, and the FDA has approved its use for wheat and wheat flour. Infrared heating of grain to 65°–70°C controls all developmental stages of stored-grain insects, but the treatment cost has prevented practical use.
A. Frey, R. Messenger, E. Eichert · 1972
The study investigated the RF sound phenomenon, where humans perceive sound when their head is illuminated with pulsed RF energy. In phase one, a portable RF sound demonstration unit operating at 1.2 GHz was assembled and used to demonstrate the phenomenon. Phase two experiments showed that perceived loudness is a function of peak power density once a minimum pulse width is used, and that pulse repetition rate is the dominant parameter for sound quality. A threshold peak power density of 80 mW/cm² was derived by extending the loudness curve, though not with optimal parameters, and average power density was not particularly meaningful for this phenomenon. Phase three found that vocoder technology and periodicity pitch rules could not generate speech perception via RF sound.
Byron D. McLees, E. D. Finch, M. L. Albright · 1972
Unknown authors · 1972
