Calderón et al · 2022
Researchers created an algorithm for the MOBI-Kids study to estimate cumulative specific energy from RF fields and cumulative induced current density from ELF fields in the brain of subjects aged 10 to 24 years. The algorithm considered age, tumour location, phone models, usage patterns, and communication system prevalence over time. Median RF and ELF doses were substantially higher for GSM than 3G systems and varied considerably by brain location. Agreement between RF dose estimates and phone use variables was moderate to null depending on communication system, while agreement for ELF dose was higher but also system-dependent. Duration and number of calls may not be adequate proxies for dose as communication systems become more complex over time.
Unknown authors · 2022
Unknown authors · 2022
Rats were exposed to 900 MHz RFR at 2 h/day, 5 days/week for 1 week (acute) or 10 weeks (chronic). The study measured histopathology, PCNA, Bcl-xL, cleaved caspase-3, p-JNK, p-p38, and TUNEL in testis tissue. No histopathological differences or PCNA changes were observed between sham and RFR groups in either period. Cleaved caspase-3 and Bcl-xL showed period-dependent alterations, TUNEL-positive cells increased significantly only after acute exposure, and both p-p38 and p-JNK protein expressions increased significantly in both acute and chronic RFR groups.
Unknown authors · 2022
In a single-blind, sham-controlled, randomized crossover study, 15 normal-weight young men were exposed to 25 minutes of RF-EMFs from two mobile phone types or sham radiation under fasting conditions. Spontaneous food intake was measured with an ad libitum buffet test and cerebral energy homeostasis was monitored using phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Exposure increased overall caloric intake by 22–27% compared to sham, mainly due to higher carbohydrate consumption, and cerebral energy content increased as shown by higher ATP and phosphocreatine ratios to inorganic phosphate.
Int J Radiat Biol 98(5):986-995, 2022 · 2022
Twenty-one healthy volunteers participated in a double-blind, randomized, counterbalanced crossover study with eyes-open and eyes-closed resting-state EEG recordings. The exposure system was a sham or real GSM 900 MHz mobile phone pulse modulated at 217 Hz with a mean power of 250 mW and a maximum specific absorption rate of 0.70 W/kg. EEG power spectral density was computed for the alpha band in a fixed 8-12 Hz range and for each individual's alpha frequency range. A trend toward decreased or increased alpha power during exposure was observed for eyes-closed and eyes-open conditions respectively, but did not reach statistical significance. The findings did not provide evidence for different sensitivity to RF-EMF related to individual alpha frequency variability.
Tan B, Tan FC, Yalcin B, Dasdag S, Yegin K, Yay AH · 2022
The study created four groups (sham, irradiated female, irradiated male, and irradiated male and female) with one male and three females each. The irradiated groups were whole-body exposed to 2450 MHz continuous wave radiofrequency radiation for 12 hours per day across four generations. The researchers examined fetal brain development, histopathological changes in female rats, and hippocampal MAPK protein levels in male rats. In exposed groups, hemorrhagic areas, irregular cellular localization, and vascular structures were observed in the brains of fetal and adult female rats across all generations. In adult male rats, phosphorylated ERK, tau, JNK, and p38 were significantly increased in the brain across all generations.
Hasan I, Jahan MR, Islam MN, Islam MR · 2022
Researchers exposed Swiss albino male mice to 2400 MHz RF-EMR for 40 or 60 minutes daily over 60 days. Exposed mice showed a significant increase in anxiety-like behavior on the elevated plus-maze compared to controls. Stereological analysis revealed a significant decrease in pyramidal and granule neurons in the hippocampus of exposed mice. Histological examination showed degenerative alterations including black and dark blue cytoplasmic cells with shrunken morphology in the hippocampus.
Unknown authors · 2022
The study investigated changes in neuronal activity and synaptic transmission after a 60-minute exposure to 3.0 GHz RF-EMF at a low dose (SAR < 1 W/kg). RF-EMF exposure decreased the amplitude of action potentials, depolarized resting membrane potential, and increased neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission in cultured primary hippocampal neurons.
Unknown authors · 2022
Researchers estimated all-day and evening whole-brain radiofrequency electromagnetic field doses from phone calls, screen activities, and far-field sources in preadolescents aged 9 to 12 years from two birth cohorts. Sleep disturbances were assessed via a maternal questionnaire and objective sleep measures were recorded using wrist accelerometers and sleep diaries for seven consecutive days. All-day whole-brain RF-EMF doses were not associated with self-reported sleep disturbances or objective sleep measures, while high evening whole-brain RF-EMF dose from phone calls was associated with 11.9 minutes less total sleep time.
Unknown authors · 2022
Researchers exposed fruit flies to simulated 3.5 GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation at intensities of 0.1, 1, and 10 W/m². Exposure increased early pupation and eclosion rates and shortened the mean development time. In larvae, heat shock protein and immune gene expression rose, oxidative stress enzymes increased, and microbial diversity fell while Acetobacter and Lactobacillus genera increased.
Unknown authors · 2022
Researchers exposed miR-34a-transfected DLD1 colorectal cancer cells to 2.4 GHz RF-EMF for 24 hours and evaluated effects using real-time PCR, scratch assay, and MTS test. Administration of miR-34a decreased expression of per2, bmal1, sirtuin1, and survivin and inhibited proliferation and migration of DLD1 cells. RF-EMF exposure increased cry1 mRNA expression, weakened miR-34a's inhibition of per2, abolished its inhibition of survivin, and eliminated miR-34a's effects on proliferation and migration. The authors concluded that RF-EMF strongly influenced miR-34a-mediated regulation of the peripheral circadian oscillator in DLD1 cells.
Ding Z, Xiang X, Li J, Wu S · 2022
Researchers exposed Balb/c-3T3 cells to 1800 MHz RF continuous wave for 40 and 60 days, 4 hours per day, and compared them with sham-exposed cells. Exposed cells showed increased proliferation and migration, malignant transformation with visible foci and clone formation, and formed tumors when transplanted into SCID mice.
Unknown authors · 2022
Yang H, Zhang Y, Wu X, Gan P, Luo X, Zhong S, Zuo W · 2022
Researchers exposed forty male guinea pigs to 3500 MHz RF-EMR at SARs of 0, 2, 4, or 10 W/kg for 72 hours. They measured malondialdehyde levels, antioxidant enzyme activities, anxiety-like behavior, hearing thresholds, cell ultrastructure, and apoptosis in the auditory cortex. Exposure increased MDA levels and decreased catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities in the auditory cortex. Ultrastructural changes included swollen mitochondria and layered myelin sheaths, and apoptosis markers such as cytochrome-c relocalization and caspase activation were observed. Hearing thresholds and basic behavior indexes did not change significantly.
Unknown authors · 2022
Tomruk A, E. · 2022
Unknown authors · 2022
Researchers continuously exposed pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats and their offspring to 900 MHz GSM-modulated RF-EMR for 24 hours per day and assessed liver oxidative stress at postnatal days 1, 9, and 21. Exposure significantly raised MDA levels at PND9 and PND21, lowered catalase activity at all ages, reduced catalase amount and mRNA at PND1 and PND9, and decreased GPx activity at PND21. CytoSOD levels increased at PND9 and 21 while mitoSOD levels decreased at PND21, and both GPx level and mitoSOD activity were elevated at all ages. SOD1 mRNA expression rose at PND1 but fell at PND9 and 21, whereas GPx1 expression was consistently reduced in the exposed group.
Unknown authors · 2022
Researchers exposed human HEK293 cultured cells to a 1.8 GHz carrier frequency at amplitudes typical of household telecommunications. ROS concentrations increased significantly after 15 minutes of exposure and were localized to both nuclear and cytosolic compartments. qPCR analysis revealed altered gene expression of anti-oxidative enzymes SOD, GPX, and CAT, and oxidative enzyme Nox-2. Multiple genes responsive to static magnetic fields were also regulated by RF, suggesting common response mechanisms. Many RF effects showed evidence of hormesis with biphasic dose-response curves and blind spots at certain amplitudes.
Unknown authors · 2022
The study used 24 adult male Swiss-Albino mice divided into Four groups of 6. The radiofrequency and adaptive response groups were exposed to a 900 MHz GSM signal at 0.339 W/kg for 4 h/day over 7 days. After the final exposure, bleomycin was injected intraperitoneally at 37.5 mg/kg and the mice were sacrificed 30 minutes later. Oxidative damage and antioxidant mechanisms were examined in blood, DNA-repair gene expression was measured in liver, and apoptosis was assessed in liver using the TUNEL method. The adaptive response group showed increased ROS and p53 and OGG-1 expression, decreased SOD, CAT and TAC levels, and reduced apoptosis.
Costantini E et al. · 2022
The study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of different RF-EMF exposure setups to drive faster healing by evaluating keratinocyte migration, cytokines, and MMP expression. RF-EMF treatment promoted keratinocytes' migration and regulated the expression of genes involved in healing, such as MMPs, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, and pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines, to improve WH.
Unknown authors · 2022
Bektas H, Algul S, Altindag F, Yegin K, Akdag Z, Dasdag S · 2022
Unknown authors · 2021
The review examines government standards adopted for human exposures for their applicability to wildlife. It states that existing environmental laws such as the National Environmental Policy Act and the Migratory Bird Treaty Act should be strengthened and enforced, and new laws written for increasing EMF exposures. Radiofrequency radiation exposure standards warrant more stringent controls given 5G signaling characteristics, and no current standards take wildlife into consideration. Numerous studies indicate low-level EMF exposures have adverse effects on orientation, migration, reproduction, and other behaviors, and cyto- and geno-toxic effects have long been observed.
Hardell & Carlberg · 2021
The paper discusses historical lessons from early warnings on cancer risks and lost prevention opportunities. It states that radiofrequency radiation has a cancer-causing effect and that decades of studies show increased human cancer risk. Based on three case-control studies of wireless phone use, the authors present a preventable fraction for brain tumors and note an increase in undefined brain tumors in Sweden, especially among ages 20–39, which they suggest may be linked to high wireless phone use among young people.
Kim et al · 2021
The authors conducted a systematic review and updated meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines. They evaluated 18 studies comprising 4280 samples. The outcome measures were sperm motility, viability, and concentration. Exposure to mobile phones was associated with reduced sperm motility, viability, and concentration. The decrease in sperm quality after RF-EMW exposure was not significant even when mobile phone usage increased.
