Hao D, Yang L, Chen S, Tong J, Tian Y, Su B, Wu S, Zeng Y · 2013
Researchers exposed 32 trained Wistar rats to 916 MHz, 10w/m2 electromagnetic field for 6 hours a day, 5 days a week, over 10 weeks, and tested their spatial learning and memory in an eight-arm radial maze each weekend. During weeks 4–5, the exposed rats had longer completion times and higher error rates than the control group, but during weeks 1–3 and 6–9 the two groups were close to each other. The researchers concluded that the 916 MHz EMF influenced learning and memory in rats to some extent in a period during exposure, and that the rats can adapt to long-term EMF exposure.
Haghani M, Shabani M, Moazzami K · 2013
Researchers exposed pregnant Wistar rats to 900-MHz pulse-EMF irradiation for 6 hours per day throughout gestation, then evaluated ten offspring per group. Behavioral tests did not reveal any abnormalities in the exposed offspring. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings revealed decreased neuronal excitability of Purkinje cells, with changes in afterhyperpolarization amplitude, spike frequency, half width, and first spike latency.
Deshmukh PS et al. · 2013
The study investigated possible DNA-damaging effects of low-level microwave radiation in the brains of male Fischer rats. Rats were exposed for 30 days at three frequencies: 900, 1800, and 2450 MHz, at specific absorption rates on the order of 10−4 W/kg. DNA damage in brain tissue was assessed using alkaline comet assay after the exposure period. The researchers concluded that low SAR microwave radiation at these frequencies may induce DNA strand breaks in brain tissue.
Deshmukh PS et al. · 2013
Cammaerts MC, Rachidi Z, Bellens F, De Doncker P · 2013
Researchers used the ant species Myrmica sabuleti to study how electromagnetic waves affect the insects' responses to pheromones and food collection. Workers' responses to trail, area-marking, and alarm pheromones were measured under normal conditions and then again while under the influence of electromagnetic waves. Under exposure, ants followed trails for only short distances, no longer arrived at marked areas, and no longer orientated themselves to a source of alarm pheromone. The number of ants collecting food increased only slightly and slowly, and after 180 hours of exposure their colonies deteriorated.
Baş O et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field on days 13 through 21 of pregnancy, then examined the brains of their female pups on postnatal day 32. Exposure during those prenatal days led to a significant decrease in the number of pyramidal cells in the cornu ammonis of the female rat pups (P<0.05). Histopathological examination also revealed picnotic cells in the cornu ammonis of the exposed female rat pups.
Banaceur S, Banasr S, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H · 2013
Researchers studied the effects of 2.4 GHz radiofrequency signals on wildtype mice and triple transgenic mice bred to develop Alzheimer's-like cognitive impairment. Mice were exposed two hours per day during one month at a Specific Absorption Rate of 1.60 W/kg. The researchers reported that radiofrequency exposure improved cognitive behavior in the 3xTg-AD mice.
Aboul Ezz HS, Khadrawy YA, Ahmed NA, Radwan NM, El Bakry MM · 2013
Researchers investigated the effect of electromagnetic radiation on concentrations of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, midbrain, and medulla oblongata of adult rats. Adult rats were exposed daily to electromagnetic radiation at 1800 MHz, with a specific absorption rate of 0.843 W/kg and power density of 0.02 mW/cm2, modulated at 217 Hz. Measurements were taken after 1, 2, and 4 months of daily exposure, and also after stopping exposure for 1 month following 4 months of daily exposure. The exposure resulted in significant changes in dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in all four brain areas studied.
Eskander EF, Estefan SF, Abd-Rabou AA · 2012
Levis et al · 2012
The analysis critically examined case-control studies, pooled analyses, and meta-analyses on mobile phone use and head tumour risk, applying strict reliability criteria to each study. Publicly funded studies using blind protocols reported statistically significant increases in ipsilateral risk of brain gliomas and acoustic neuromas with long-term mobile phone use. Industry-funded studies using non-blind protocols showed overall negative results but still found statistically significant increases in ipsilateral brain gliomas, acoustic neuromas, and parotid gland tumours for users with at least 10 years latency.
Unknown authors · 2012
Researchers evaluated compensatory plasticity in the cockroach Periplaneta americana after sensory nerve injury and assessed the effect of electromagnetic field exposure (EMF, 50 Hz, 7 mT) and TGF-β. Ablation of the right cercus increased activity in the left presynaptic part of the sensory path.
Unknown authors · 2012
Researchers conducted a comprehensive investigation of emotional and cognitive behavior in adult mice repeatedly exposed to a 7 Tesla static magnetic field in utero. Using well-validated tests, they did not observe any adverse behavioral alterations regarding emotional behavior as well as spatial and emotional learning. The study was motivated by increasing use of MRI in obstetrics and development of higher-performance systems with stronger fields requiring ongoing safety evaluation. Rodent studies provide an excellent opportunity to investigate acute and long-term effects of magnetic field exposure systematically.
Unknown authors · 2012
The study evaluated whether PEMF exposure potentiated the anti-tumor effect of A3ARs in PC12 rat adrenal pheochromocytoma and U87MG human glioblastoma cell lines compared with rat cortical neurons. PEMF exposure up-regulated A2A and A3ARs that are well coupled to adenylate cyclase activity and cAMP production. Activation of A2A and A3ARs decreased NF-kB levels in tumor cells, while only A3ARs increased p53 expression. A3AR stimulation inhibited tumor cell proliferation, increased cytotoxicity and apoptosis in PC12 and U87MG cells but not in cortical neurons. The A3AR agonist effect was enhanced by PEMFs and blocked by a selective antagonist, showing that PEMF exposure significantly increases the anti-tumor effect modulated by A3ARs.
Unknown authors · 2012
Researchers evaluated the ability of 8.8 mT static magnetic fields to enhance paclitaxel action against K562 leukemia cells. They analyzed cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, DNA damage, and ultrastructural changes after exposure to paclitaxel with or without the magnetic field. The combination reduced the effective paclitaxel concentration from 50 to 10 ng/ml, caused G2 phase arrest, and this arrest correlated with DNA damage. Microscopy showed ultrastructural alterations including holes, protuberances, and increased cytoplasmic vacuoles in the combination group.
Kim J, Yoon Y, Yun S, Park GS, Lee HJ, Song K · 2012
Researchers investigated the genotoxic effect of a time-varying magnetic field on human primary fibroblasts and cervical cancer cells. Continuous exposure to a 60 Hz, 7 mT magnetic field for 10-60 minutes did not change cell viability but induced DNA double-strand breaks and activated the DNA damage checkpoint pathway without apoptosis. The exposure did not increase intracellular reactive oxygen species, suggesting the DNA breaks were not directly caused by ROS.
Unknown authors · 2012
Hintzsche H et al. · 2012
Researchers exposed cells to terahertz electromagnetic fields for 2 h, 8 h, and 24 h at power intensities from 0.04 mW/cm2 to 2 mW/cm2. Genomic damage was assessed using the comet assay for DNA strand breaks and alkali-labile sites and the micronucleus assay for chromosomal damage. No DNA strand breaks or alkali-labile sites were detected after exposure. The fields also did not induce micronucleus formation, indicating no chromosomal damage.
Unknown authors · 2012
Researchers studied the effect of electromagnetic radiation on ejaculated human semen samples. Exposed samples showed a significant decrease in sperm motility and viability and an increase in reactive oxygen species and DNA fragmentation index compared to unexposed samples. The researchers concluded that mobile phone electromagnetic waves lead to oxidative stress in human semen and cause changes in DNA fragmentation.
Huwiler SG et al · 2012
No changes in bacterial growth or culturable counts were observed for any of the magnetic field types. Gene expression analysis of 4,358 genes and 714 intergenic regions showed no statistically significant changes after exposures of 2.5 hours or 15 hours.
Unknown authors · 2012
Researchers studied the effect of an 8 mT, 50 Hz electromagnetic field on memory consolidation in adult male and female mice. Mice were randomly assigned to six groups of ten each, with experimental groups exposed to the field for 4 hours after learning, sham-exposed groups, and control groups. Memory consolidation was assessed Twenty-four hours later using step-down latency in a passive avoidance task, and exposure significantly decreased memory function in both sexes.
Unknown authors · 2012
Researchers exposed female Fischer 344 and Lewis rats to a 50 Hz, 100 μT magnetic field for two weeks. Whole genome microarray analysis of mammary gland tissue revealed decreased α-amylase, carbonic anhydrase 6, and lactoperoxidase gene expression, and increased cystatin E/M expression in exposed F344 rats but not in Lewis rats.
Unknown authors · 2012
Researchers used sixty-four four-month-old male Wistar rats divided into eight groups of eight rats each. Seven groups were exposed to varying dosages of manganese and a 50 Hz magnetic field of approximately 1 mT, while the last group served as a cage control. The study investigated interactions between the magnetic field and manganese and the elements calcium, zinc, magnesium, and phosphorus thought to be involved in caries in rat teeth. Levels of calcium, magnesium, zinc, and phosphorus in the experimental group rats were different from those in the control group.
Unknown authors · 2012
Researchers used an in vitro retrotransposition assay on human neuroblastoma BE(2) cells exposed for 48h to 1mT, 50Hz PMF or sham exposure. They also measured γ-H2AX foci as a marker of DNA DSB in both exposed and sham-exposed samples. PMF-exposed cells had a lower number of both retrotransposition events and DNA DSB compared with sham-exposed samples.
Unknown authors · 2012
Researchers exposed Tuber borchii mycelium to a static magnetic field of 300 mT or an extremely low frequency magnetic field of 0.1 mT at 50 Hz for 1 h per day over three consecutive days. Gene expression and biochemical analyses were performed. ELF-MF exposure upregulated some genes involved in hyphal growth and increased the activity of many glycolytic enzymes. SMF exposure showed no differences in gene expression but increased the activities of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and hexokinase.
Unknown authors · 2012
The study used 66 NMRI pregnant females divided into treated and non-treated groups. The treated group was exposed to ELF-EMF at 50 Hz and 6×10-3 T. Embryos were collected by flushing the uterine horn and Fallopian tubes on day 3 of gestation. There was no significant difference in the mean number of blastocysts between treated and none treated groups. Exposed blastocysts had significantly fewer total cells, ICM cells, and TE cells, while the ICM/TE ratio increased.
