Söderqvist F, Carlberg M, Hardell L · 2009
Researchers conducted a cross-sectional study of 1000 adults aged 18–65 to test whether wireless telephone use was associated with changes in serum transthyretin. Logistic regression found increased but non-significant odds ratios for dichotomized transthyretin levels. Linear regression showed that in men, longer use of analogue or combined mobile and cordless desktop phones was associated with higher transthyretin, while longer UMTS use was associated with lower levels. In women, shorter time since the most recent call was associated with higher transthyretin concentrations. Time since first use of mobile phones and DECT combined was associated with higher transthyretin regardless of usage fractions.
Narayanan SN, Kumar RS, Potu BK, Nayak S, Mailankot M · 2009
Researchers exposed male Wistar rats to 50 missed calls per day for four weeks from a GSM mobile phone in vibratory mode. After exposure, the rats were tested for spatial memory using the Morris water maze test. Both exposed and control rats decreased their escape time with training. Phone-exposed rats had about three times higher mean latency to reach the target quadrant and spent about two times less time in it than controls.
Luria R, Eliyahu I, Hareuveny R, Margaliot M, Meiran N. · 2009
The study examined time-dependent effects of GSM phone radiation on human cognitive function. Forty-eight healthy right-handed men performed a spatial working memory task while exposed to phones on the left, right, or sham. Right-hand responses were slower during left-side exposure in the first two blocks compared to right-side and sham. Researchers concluded exposure duration, responding hand, and exposure side may affect detectability of RFR effects.
Pérez-Castejón C et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed human astrocytoma cells (Clonetics line 1321N1) to a 9.6 GHz carrier wave amplitude-modulated by extremely low frequency pulses in a GTEM cell. The exposure parameters included pulse widths of 100-120 ns, pulse repetition frequencies of 100-800 Hz, power of 0.34-0.60 mW, electric field strength of 1.25-1.64 V/m, and a SAR of 4.0 x 10-4 W/Kg. Cells were exposed for 15, 30, 60 minutes, and 24 hours using a double-blind method with sham controls. Cytoskeleton proteins, cell morphology, and viability were unchanged, but cell proliferation rate increased significantly after 24 hours of exposure. Hsp-70 and Bcl-2 antiapoptotic proteins were present in both control and exposed samples, while connexin 43 protein expression increased in exposed samples.
Li X et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed 70 male rats to microwave radiation at average power densities of 0, 10, 30, and 100 mW/cm(2). Rats were sacrificed at 6 hours, 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days after exposure. Protein levels of AQP4 increased initially and then recovered at 10 and 30 mW/cm(2), but increased progressively at 100 mW/cm(2) within 14 days. Gene expression of AQP4 increased at 6 hours after 10 mW/cm(2) exposure and returned to baseline, while at 30 and 100 mW/cm(2) it peaked at 7 days and did not return.
Gao XF,Pei LP, Chen CH, Yang XS, Zhang GB, Deng ZH, Yu ZP. · 2009
Researchers exposed rats to whole-body microwave irradiation at 90 and 5 W/cm² for 20 minutes and measured changes in HSP70 in the hippocampus. Both mRNA and protein expression of HSP70 in the rat hippocampus increased after the exposures. Anal temperature and SAR values also increased significantly, and these changes were positively correlated with power and irradiation time.
Wiholm C et al. · 2009
Researchers studied the effects of a 2 1/2 h RF exposure at 884 MHz on spatial memory and learning using a double-blind repeated measures design. The exposure was designed to mimic that experienced during a real-life mobile phone conversation, with an average peak spatial specific absorption rate of 1.4 W/kg. Results showed a significant RF exposure by group effect on distance traveled during the trials, with the symptomatic group improving their performance during RF exposure while there was no such effect in the non-symptomatic group.
Söderqvist F, Carlberg M, Hansson Mild K, Hardell L · 2009
Researchers exposed 41 volunteers to a 30 min GSM 890 MHz signal at an average specific energy absorption rate distribution of 1.0 W/kg in the temporal area of the head. S100B showed no statistically significant increase, while transthyretin showed a statistically significant increase in the final blood sample 60 min after the end of the provocation compared to the sample taken immediately after provocation (p = 0.02). The researchers noted that the clinical significance of this finding, if any, is unknown.
Sirav B, Seyhan N · 2009
Researchers investigated the effects of 900 and 1,800 MHz continuous-wave radio frequency radiation on blood-brain barrier permeability in rats. Twenty minutes of exposure at both frequencies increased blood-brain barrier permeability in male rats, while female rats showed no change. The researchers noted that the scientific evidence on radio frequency radiation safety or harm remains inconclusive.
Nittby H et al. · 2009
Rats were exposed in TEM-cells for 2 hours at non-thermal specific absorption rates of 0, 0.12, 1.2, 12, and 120 mW/kg, and albumin extravasation over the blood-brain barrier, neuronal albumin uptake, and neuronal damage were assessed. Albumin extravasation was enhanced in the mobile phone exposed rats compared to sham controls after a 7-day recovery period, with a significant result at the SAR value of 12 mW/kg. There was a low but significant correlation between the exposure level and the occurrence of focal albumin extravasation.
Naziroğlu M, Gümral N. · 2009
Researchers divided thirty rats into five groups to study the effects of 2.45 GHz electromagnetic radiation on the brain's antioxidant system and EEG records. Exposed rats received 2.45 GHz electromagnetic radiation for 60 minutes per day for 28 days, after which EEG records and brain cortex samples were collected. Brain cortex concentrations of vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin E were lower in the exposed group than in controls, though these concentrations were increased by selenium and L-carnitine supplementation. L-carnitine appeared to have a more protective effect on vitamin concentrations than selenium.
López-Martín E et al. · 2009
Researchers studied whether pulse-modulated GSM radiation had different effects on brain activity than an unmodulated signal of the same wavelength, and examined c-Fos expression in seizure-related brain circuits. Rats made seizure-prone with picrotoxin and then exposed to GSM radiation showed differences in clinical and EEG signs and in c-Fos expression compared with picrotoxin-treated rats exposed to unmodulated radiation. The most marked effects of GSM radiation on c-Fos expression in picrotoxin-treated rats were observed in limbic structures, olfactory cortex areas, subcortical areas, the dentate gyrus, and the central lateral nucleus of the thalamic intralaminar nucleus group. Neither radiation treatment caused tissue heating, so the researchers ruled out thermal effects.
Del Vecchio G et al. · 2009
de Tommaso M et al. · 2009
Researchers evaluated whether 900 MHz GSM phone exposure changed a brain electrical measure called the initial contingent negative variation (iCNV) in healthy volunteers using a double blind design. Ten healthy right-handed volunteers were evaluated, each recorded during a 10 min time interval in each of the three experimental conditions: a real emitting phone, a sham phone whose power was dissipated internally, and a phone switched off. The iCNV amplitude decreased and habituation increased during both the real and sham phone conditions compared with the off condition, with no significant prevalence of iCNV amplitude reduction on the left side, where the phones were located.
Dasdag S, Akdag MZ, Ulukaya E, Uzunlar AK, Ocak AR · 2009
The study used 31 Wistar Albino adult male rats, with the exposed group having their heads placed in a carousel and exposed to 900 MHz microwave radiation for 2 hours per day, 7 days a week, for 10 months. The apoptosis score in exposed rats was significantly lower than in both the sham group and the cage control group. Total antioxidant capacity and catalase were higher in the exposed group than in the sham group, while the oxidative stress index showed no significant difference between those groups. The protein p53 was not significantly changed by the exposure.
Daniels WM, Pitout IL, Afullo TJ, Mabandla MV · 2009
Researchers studied the effect of electromagnetic radiation in the mobile phone range on the behaviour of the rat. Behavioural, histological and biochemical tests were performed on exposed and unexposed male and female rats to examine learning and memory, emotional states and corticosterone levels. No significant differences were found in spatial memory or brain morphology between groups, but some exposed animals showed decreased locomotor activity, increased grooming and a tendency of increased basal corticosterone levels. The researchers suggested that EMR exposure may lead to abnormal brain functioning.
Curcio G et al. · 2009
Researchers used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure frontal cortex oxygenation in eleven healthy volunteers during a 40-minute exposure to a GSM mobile phone signal. The study found a slight linear increase in deoxygenated hemoglobin over time during real exposure, but no other measure showed GSM exposure-dependent changes. The researchers noted that their results should be confirmed on a larger sample size and using a multichannel instrument that allows the investigation of a wider portion of the frontal cortex.
Bas O, Odaci E, Kaplan S, Acer N, Ucok K, Colakoglu S · 2009
Researchers investigated the number of pyramidal cells in the hippocampus of 16-week-old female rats following postnatal exposure to 900 MHz EMF. Rats in the EMF group were exposed to 900 MHz EMF for 1 hour per day for 28 days, with a SAR ranging from 0.016 (whole body) to 2 W/kg (locally in the head). Postnatal EMF exposure caused a significant decrease of the pyramidal cell number in the CA, and cell loss was also visible at qualitative observation.
Kesari KK, Behari J. · 2009
Researchers investigated the effects of 50-GHz microwave radiation on the brain of Wistar rats. The animals were exposed for 2 hours a day for 45 days continuously at a power level of 0.86 μW/cm2. Exposed rats showed DNA double-strand breaks and a significant decrease in GPx and SOD activity in brain cells, while catalase activity showed a significant increase compared with control. PKC decreased significantly in the whole brain and hippocampus of the exposed group.
Huang TQ et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed HEI-OC1 immortalized mouse auditory hair cells to 1763 MHz RF at 20 W/kg SAR in a CDMA chamber for 24 and 48 hours. They assessed cell cycle, DNA damage, heat shock protein expression, MAPK phosphorylation, and gene expression, finding no changes in cell cycle, DNA damage, HSP expression, or MAPK phosphorylation. Microarray analysis showed only 29 genes (0.09% of total) changed more than 1.5-fold after exposure.
Yilmaz F, Dasdag S, Akdag MZ, Kilinc N · 2008
Researchers investigated anti-apoptotic bcl-2 protein in rat brain and testes after whole-body exposure to 900 MHz cellular phone radiation. The results showed that 20 minutes of radiation did not alter bcl-2 protein in the brain and testes of rats. The study used two groups of eight Sprague-Dawley rats each, with the experimental group exposed to phones in speech condition for 20 minutes per day for one month and the sham group exposed to turned-off phones. The authors speculated that bcl-2 may not be involved in radiation effects on the brain and testes of rats.
Stovner LJ, Oftedal G, Straume A, Johnsson A. · 2008
The study aimed to investigate headache type and location in a provocation study to gain insight into possible causes and mechanisms. Seventeen participants completed 130 trials of sham or RF exposure. No significant difference existed in headache type, laterality, or location between the two exposure types. In most participants, the headache was compatible with tension-type headache.
Stefanics G, Thuróczy G, Kellényi L, Hernádi I · 2008
Before and after exposure, subjects heard tone bursts while EEG was recorded and counted target tones. No significant effects were found on the amplitude or latency of N100, N200, P200, or P300 components. Early evoked gamma activity was also insensitive to the UMTS RF exposure.
Paparini A et al. · 2008
Mice were exposed to GSM 1800 MHz signal for 1 hour at a whole body SAR of 1.1 W/kg. Gene expression was measured in whole brain using microarrays with over 22,600 probe sets. Comparison of sham and exposed animals showed no significant difference in gene expression. With less stringent analysis, 75 genes appeared modulated but were not confirmed by real-time PCR.
Kleinlogel H et al. · 2008
Researchers tested the effects of 1950 MHz UMTS at 0.1 and 1 W/kg and pulsed 900 MHz GSM at 1 W/kg on event-related potentials and behavioral measures in 15 healthy right-handed subjects. The study used a double-blind, randomized, crossover design. Neither the UMTS- nor the GSM-EMF produced any significant changes in the measured parameters compared to sham exposure. The results do not give any evidence for a deleterious effect of the EMF on normal healthy mobile phone users.
