Kazemi M et al. · 2018
Researchers exposed male rhesus macaques to extremely low frequency magnetic fields at 0.7 μT for 4 hours per day over 30 consecutive days, at either 1 Hz or 12 Hz. Visual working memory scores and plasma melatonin levels increased significantly in the animals exposed to 12 Hz, but not in those exposed to 1 Hz. NMDA receptor gene expression also increased at 12 Hz exposure, while hippocampal volume did not increase significantly at either frequency.
Laszlo AM et al. · 2018
Researchers exposed turkeys to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (50 Hz; 10 μT) for 3 weeks and then observed the birds for a 5-week regeneration period without exposure. Norepinephrine-activated β-adrenoceptor function decreased in the treated birds in a time-dependent manner, while toxicological parameters in the serum showed no differences compared to normal ranges. The decreased β-adrenoceptor function was compensated by the homeostatic complex during the 5-wk regeneration period.
Zuo H, Liu X, Wang D, Li Y, Xu X, Peng R, Song T. · 2018
Researchers created an Alzheimer's disease rat model using D-galactose and Aβ25-35 injections, then exposed the animals to 50 Hz and 400 µT ELF-MF for 60 continuous days. ELF-MF exposure partially improved the cognitive disorder and upregulated the levels of RKIP, TAK1, and the RKIP/TAK1 interaction, but downregulated p-IKK levels in AD rats. The researchers suggested that ELF-MF exposure might have a potential therapeutic value for AD.
Esmaeilpour K et al. · 2018
Hippocampal kindled rats showed deficits in learning and memory in the passive-avoidance test. Low-frequency stimulation reversed the impairment in learning and memory behavior in kindled rats. Low-frequency stimulation also diminished kindling-induced neuronal loss and atrophy in the hippocampus. The stimulation protocol used 200 monophasic square wave pulses of 0.1 ms duration at 1 Hz, delivered in four packages every five minutes.
Jeong YJ et al. · 2018
The aim of the study was to observe the impact of long-term RF-EMF on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in aging brains of C57BL/6 mice. Compared with young mice, aged mice showed significantly increased protein and lipid oxidative damage markers in the brain. Aged mice also had significantly elevated markers of DNA damage, apoptosis, astrocytes, and microglia. Long-term RF-EMF exposure did not change the levels of oxidative stress, DNA damage, apoptosis, astrocyte, or microglia markers in aged mouse brains. Long-term RF-EMF exposure also did not alter locomotor activity in aged mice.
Chauhan P, Verma HN, Sisodia R, Kesari KK. · 2017
Researchers exposed male Wistar rats to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation at a power density of 0.2 mW/cm2 for 2 hours a day for 35 days, then examined brain, liver, kidney, testis, and spleen. Significantly high levels of lipid peroxide were found in the liver (p < 0.001), brain (p < 0.004), and spleen (p < 0.006) of exposed rats. Histological changes were also observed in the brain, liver, testis, kidney, and spleen after whole-body microwave exposure, compared to the control group.
Roser K et al. · 2017
Researchers measured personal RF-EMF exposure in 90 adolescents aged 13 to 17 years using a portable ExpoM-RF device across 13 frequency bands from 470 to 3600 MHz for three consecutive days with a time-activity diary. Mobile phones contributed 67.2% and mobile phone base stations contributed 19.8% of total personal RF-EMF measurements averaging 63.2 μW/m² (0.15 V/m). WLAN at school and home accounted for 3.5% of total personal measurements. Environmental sources contributed on average 6.0% to the brain dose and 9.0% to the whole-body dose according to dose calculations.
Fathi E et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells to 0.432 μg/ml ZnSO4 together with a 50 Hz, 20 mT electromagnetic field. The combined treatment increased expression of osteogenic genes, alkaline phosphatase activity, and calcium levels. The effect depended on PKA and ERK1/2 signaling, as inhibitors of these pathways blocked the osteogenic promotion. The treatment also raised cAMP and PKA activity and upregulated Wnt/β-catenin pathway genes.
Cichoń N, Bijak M, Miller E, Saluk J. · 2017
Researchers investigated the effect of ELF-EMF on clinical and antioxidant status in post-stroke patients. Fifty-seven patients were divided into two groups: ELF-EMF and non-ELF-EMF, and both groups underwent the same 4-week rehabilitation program. The ELF-EMF group was additionally exposed to a field of 40 Hz, 7 mT for 15 min/day for 4 weeks, 5 days a week. ELF-EMF significantly increased enzymatic antioxidant activity, though total antioxidant status levels did not change in either group.
Unknown authors · 2017
The study evaluated the combined effect of 100 μM temozolomide and a 100 Hz, 100 G electromagnetic field on U87 and T98G human glioma cell lines. Co-treatment synergistically increased apoptosis in both cell lines by raising P53, Bax, and Caspase-3 expression and lowering Bcl-2 and Cyclin-D1 expression. The combination also increased reactive oxygen species production and overexpressed the heme oxygenase-1 gene compared to controls.
Calcabrini C et al. · 2017
Researchers investigated whether ELF-EMF exposure causes significant cell damage in human keratinocytes, to support potential ELF-EMF use in regenerative medicine for skin injuries. Reactive oxygen species production was evaluated in human keratinocytes exposed for 1 H to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at field strengths from 0.25 to 2 G, and significant ROS increases resulted at 0.5 and 1 G. All significant alterations observed in the first 4 H of exposure reverted to controls 24 H after, and the exposure did not have a cytotoxic effect.
Varghese R, Majumdar A, Kumar G, Shukla A. · 2017
Researchers exposed female Sprague Dawley rats to 2.45GHz radiation for 4 hours per day for 45 days and assessed behavioral and oxidative stress parameters. Exposed rats exhibited memory decline and anxiety behavior in the Morris water maze, elevated plus maze, and light-dark box tests. Radiation exposure decreased brain antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione, increased lipid peroxidation, and increased the apoptotic marker caspase 3, while histopathological examination and TNF-α levels showed no significant changes.
Taheri M et al. · 2017
Researchers assessed whether 900 MHz GSM mobile phone radiation and 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi router radiation alter the susceptibility of microorganisms to different antibiotics. The study found that exposure to Wi-Fi and RF simulator radiation can significantly alter inhibition zone diameters and growth rates for Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli. Pure cultures of Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli were exposed to RF-EMFs from a GSM 900 MHz mobile phone simulator and a 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi router.
AbstractThe present work investigated the effects of prenatal exposure to radiofrequency waves of conventional WiFi devices on postnatal development and behavior of rat offspring et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to WiFi radiation (2.45 GHz) for 2 hours daily throughout pregnancy and then tracked their offspring's development. The study found that prenatal WiFi exposure delayed normal brain development during the first 17 days after birth and caused oxidative stress in young rat brains. This suggests that WiFi exposure during pregnancy may harm developing nervous systems.
Othman H et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to a 2.45 GHz WiFi signal for two hours daily throughout gestation. Offspring were assessed for physical and neurodevelopment during the first 17 postnatal days, anxiety at 28 days, motor behavior at 40-43 days, and cerebral oxidative stress and cholinesterase activity at 28 and 43 days. Prenatal WiFi exposure impaired early neurodevelopment but did not alter emotional or motor behavior in adulthood. It also increased oxidative stress markers and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities at 28 days but not at 43 days, and affected acetylcholinesterase activity in brain and serum.
Halgamuge MN. · 2017
The analysis found that 89.9% of studies reported physiological or morphological effects from mobile phone RF-EMF (p < 0.001). Maize, roselle, pea, fenugreek, duckweeds, tomato, onions, and mungbean appeared especially sensitive to RF-EMF.
Akbarnejad Z et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed rats with Alzheimer's-like brain damage to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields (the same frequency as power lines) for 14 days and tested their memory using a water maze. The electromagnetic field exposure significantly improved the rats' learning and memory abilities, even reversing some of the cognitive damage. This suggests that certain electromagnetic frequencies might have therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative conditions.
Othman H, Ammari M, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H · 2017
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to 2.45GHz WiFi signals (the same frequency used by most home routers) for 2 hours daily throughout pregnancy, then tested their offspring for developmental and behavioral changes. They found that prenatal WiFi exposure altered physical development and caused anxiety, motor problems, and learning difficulties in the young rats, with effects being more severe when combined with maternal stress. The study also revealed oxidative stress (cellular damage) in the brains of exposed offspring.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28288806 -- Hassanshahi A et al. · 2017
This study examined the effects of 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi electromagnetic exposure on cognitive function in male rats, specifically testing their ability to recognize objects through vision, touch, and combined sensory modalities. Rats exposed to Wi-Fi radiation for 30 days (12 hours daily) showed impaired discrimination between novel and familiar objects across all recognition tasks tested, and demonstrated increased M1 receptor expression in the hippocampus.
Hassanshahi A et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed 80 male Wistar rats to 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi radiation for 30 days at 12 hours per day. Exposed rats could not discriminate between novel and familiar objects in standard, tactile, visual, and cross-modal object recognition tests. M1 receptor expression increased after Wi-Fi exposure. The researchers concluded that chronic Wi-Fi exposure might impair both unimodal and cross-modal information encoding.
Abstract Wireless internet (Wi-Fi) electromagnetic waves (2.45 GHz) have widespread usage almost everywhere et al. · 2017
Kim SJ et al. · 2017
Researchers examined the effects of 60 Hz 0.8 mT extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on a macrophage cell line called RAW 264.7. Under ELF-EMF exposure, production of nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were increased, and the expression of those genes was also upregulated. Cell proliferation was not altered by ELF-EMF exposure. The researchers suggest that ELF-EMF amplifies inflammatory responses through enhanced macrophage activation and can decrease the effectiveness of antioxidants.
Medina-Fernandez FJ et al. · 2017
Researchers injected rats with a single dose of 150 μg of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG, fragment 35–55) to produce experimental multiple sclerosis. The MOG injection caused motor symptoms such as tail paralysis and limb paresis/paralysis, along with oxidative stress and cell death similar to MS. Rats were then treated with extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields applied as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) at 60 Hz and 0.7 mT for 2 hours a day, once a day, 5 days a week, for 3 weeks. The researchers found that TMS attenuated motor symptoms and oxidative and cell damage, and also increased the antioxidant system.
Medina-Fernandez FJ et al. · 2017
Researchers used magnetic field therapy (similar to medical TMS treatment) on rats with an artificially induced multiple sclerosis-like condition. The 60 Hz magnetic fields at 0.7 milliTesla significantly reduced brain damage, improved motor symptoms, and decreased harmful oxidative stress. This suggests that controlled magnetic field exposure might have therapeutic potential for neurological conditions involving brain inflammation.
Chandel S, Kaur S, Singh HP, Batish DR, Kohli RK. · 2017
Researchers exposed onion roots to 2100 MHz cell phone radiation for 1-4 hours and measured cellular damage markers. The exposure triggered increased production of harmful reactive oxygen species (unstable molecules that damage cells) and forced the plants to ramp up their antioxidant defenses. This demonstrates that cell phone frequencies can disrupt normal cellular processes even in plant tissue.
