Nazıroğlu M, Ciğ B, Doğan S, Uğuz AC, Dilek S, Faouzi D. · 2012
Researchers divided twelve cell cultures into control and irradiated groups of six each, then further split them into four exposure durations of 1, 2, 12, and 24 hours. Exposed cells showed higher lipid peroxidation, cytosolic free Ca²⁺, and cell numbers than controls. The rise in cytosolic free Ca²⁺ was radiation time-dependent and highest at 24 hours. Reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, vitamin C, and cell viability did not change in any group. 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate inhibited Ca²⁺ influx by blocking transient receptor potential melastatin 2 channels.
Kesari KK, Kumar S, Behari J. · 2012
Researchers exposed Wistar rats to 2.45 GHz frequency microwave radiation for 2 h a day for 45 days, with a whole body specific absorption rate estimated to be 0.14 W/kg. Pineal melatonin levels were significantly lower in the exposed group compared with the sham-exposed group. Creatine kinase, caspase 3, and calcium ion concentration were all significantly higher in the whole brain of the exposed animals.
Kismali G, Ozgur E, Guler G, Akcay A, Sel T, Seyhan N. · 2012
Researchers exposed 13-month-old New Zealand White rabbits to whole-body 1800 MHz GSM-like radiofrequency radiation for 15 minutes per day for seven days. The study used four groups: non-pregnant controls, non-pregnant exposed, pregnant controls, and pregnant exposed. Lipid peroxidation measured as malondialdehyde levels did not change after exposure. Several blood chemistry parameters including cholesterol, total protein, albumin, uric acid, creatinine, creatine kinase, and CK-MB changed due to both pregnancy and RFR exposure. No indication of oxidative stress was detected in pregnant rabbits, though CK-MB and CK increases were described as remarkable.
Sadeghipour R et al. · 2012
Researchers investigated the effects of 100 and 217 Hz extremely low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields on cell proliferation, actin reorganization, and ROS generation in human breast carcinoma cells (T47D). Cells were exposed for 24-72 h, at 100 and 217 Hz, 0.1 mT. The treatment induced a time dependent decrease in cell growth after 72 h and revealed an increase in fluorescence intensity in cytoplasm and actin aggregations around the nucleus as detected by fluorescence microscopy. Exposure to 217 Hz for 72 hours caused a dramatic increase in intracellular ROS generation, while exposure to 100 Hz left ROS nearly unchanged.
Das S, Kumar S, Jain S, Avelev VD, Mathur R. · 2012
Researchers studied the effect of a 50 Hz, 17.96 μT magnetic field on rats after a hemisection injury of the T13 spinal cord, measuring locomotor function, motor responses to noxious stimuli, and neuronal excitability. Rats were divided into a sham-exposed group and a group exposed to the magnetic field for 2 hours per day for 6 weeks. The magnetic-field-exposed group showed a statistically significant improvement in BBB score over the sham control group, and bladder control was dramatically restored earlier than in the sham group. The researchers suggested that this magnetic field exposure promotes recovery of sensori-motor behavior including locomotion and bladder control in spinal-cord-injured rats.
Das S, Kumar S, Jain S, Avelev VD, Mathur R. · 2012
Researchers exposed rats with severe spinal cord injuries to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (50 Hz at 17.96 μT) for 2 hours daily over 6 weeks. The magnetic field exposure significantly accelerated recovery of motor functions, bladder control, and pain responses compared to untreated injured rats. This suggests that specific EMF exposures might have therapeutic potential for spinal cord injury rehabilitation.
Lu Y et al. · 2012
Researchers exposed rats to WiFi-frequency radiation for three hours daily over 30 days, finding it impaired spatial memory by reducing glucose uptake in the brain's memory center. Glucose supplements reversed these memory problems, suggesting wireless radiation may interfere with brain energy metabolism.
Qin F et al. · 2012
Kwon MK, Choi JY, Kim SK, Yoo TK, Kim DW. · 2012
In this double-blind study, two volunteer groups of 17 EHS and 20 non-EHS subjects were simultaneously investigated for physiological changes (heart rate, heart rate variability, and respiration rate), eight subjective symptoms, and perception of RF-EMFs during real and sham exposure sessions. Experiments were conducted using a dummy phone containing a WCDMA module (average power, 24 dBm at 1950 MHz; specific absorption rate, 1.57 W/kg) within a headset placed on the head for 32 min. WCDMA RF-EMFs generated no physiological changes or subjective symptoms in either group, and there was no evidence that EHS subjects perceived RF-EMFs better than non-EHS subjects.
Ceyhan AM et al. · 2012
Thirty-two male Wistar albino rats were divided into control, sham, electromagnetic radiation, and radiation plus β-glucan groups. Rats in the radiation groups were exposed to a 2.45-GHz field for 60 minutes daily over four weeks, and β-glucan was given at 50 mg/kg/day by gavage before each exposure. Radiation increased malondialdehyde and catalase activity and decreased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities, while β-glucan significantly reversed the malondialdehyde rise and the superoxide dismutase drop, with non-significant effects on catalase and glutathione peroxidase.
Ceyhan AM et al. · 2012
Researchers exposed rats to WiFi-frequency radiation (2.45 GHz) for one hour daily over four weeks and measured damage to skin tissue. The radiation significantly increased oxidative stress markers and decreased protective antioxidant enzymes in the skin. However, when rats were given beta-glucan (a natural compound found in oats and mushrooms) before each exposure, it largely prevented this cellular damage.
Unknown authors · 2012
Researchers studied the effect of an 8 mT, 50 Hz electromagnetic field on memory consolidation in adult male and female mice. Mice were randomly assigned to six groups of ten each, with experimental groups exposed to the field for 4 hours after learning, sham-exposed groups, and control groups. Memory consolidation was assessed Twenty-four hours later using step-down latency in a passive avoidance task, and exposure significantly decreased memory function in both sexes.
Bouji M, Lecomte A, Hode Y, de Seze R, Villégier AS. · 2012
French researchers exposed young and middle-aged rats to cell phone radiation (900 MHz) for 15 minutes to study brain effects. They found that older rats showed increased brain inflammation and enhanced emotional memory, while younger rats had elevated stress hormones. The study reveals that age significantly affects how the brain responds to radiofrequency radiation.
Solomentsev GY, English NJ, Mooney DA · 2012
Researchers performed non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations of a solvated 21-residue polyalanine peptide at 300 K and 1 bar with external electromagnetic fields at 2.45 GHz and electric field intensities of 0.01–0.05 V/Å. The peptide naturally tends to form stable secondary structure elements stabilized by tertiary interactions. External fields disrupted this behavior through localized dipolar alignment that enhanced hydrogen bond perturbations, causing more frequent transitions between shorter-lived conformational states. The study reported 16 independent 40-nanosecond trajectories starting from both extended and fully folded states.
Breckenkamp J et al. · 2012
Researchers measured RF-EMF exposure in the bedrooms of 1,348 households in Germany using Antennessa(®) EME Spy 120 dosimeters, with 280 measures available for each frequency band per household. Exposure levels were very low and far below the ICNIRP's exposure reference levels. Cordless phones (DECT standard) and wireless LAN/Bluetooth were the major sources, contributing about 82% of total exposure.
Sekeroğlu V, Akar A, Sekeroğlu ZA · 2012
Researchers investigated the cytogenotoxic effects of 1800 MHz electromagnetic fields on bone marrow cells of immature and mature rats over 45 days with a 15-day recovery period. Significant differences were observed in chromosome aberrations, micronucleus frequency, mitotic index, and polychromatic erythrocyte ratio in all treatment groups. A 15-day recovery period did not improve the cytogenotoxic damage in immature rats.
Sekeroğlu V, Akar A, Sekeroğlu ZA · 2012
Turkish researchers exposed young and adult rats to 1800 MHz cell phone radiation (GSM frequency) for 2 hours daily over 45 days, then examined bone marrow cells for genetic damage. They found significant chromosome damage, DNA breaks, and cellular disruption in both age groups, with young rats showing more severe and irreversible effects even after a 15-day recovery period.
Aït-Aïssa S et al. · 2012
Pregnant rats were exposed to a 2.45 GHz Wi-Fi signal for 2 hours per day, 5 days per week, at whole-body SAR levels of 0, 0.08, 0.4, and 4 W/kg. Dams were exposed from days 6 to 21 of gestation, and then three newborns per litter were further exposed from birth to day 35 postnatal. Sera from pups were screened for antibodies against 15 different antigens using ELISA, and no change in humoral response was observed regardless of the types of biomarker and SAR levels. The researchers' observations suggested a lack of adverse effects of Wi-Fi exposure on delivery and general condition of the animals.
Dogan M et al. · 2012
Rats were randomly assigned to an exposed group (n=9) and a control group (n=9), with the exposed group subjected to electromagnetic radiation for 20 days. Researchers measured choline, creatinin, and N-acetylaspartate levels by magnetic resonance spectroscopy, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities by spectrophotometry, and apoptosis by histopathology. No significant differences were found in NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, or NAA/Cho ratios between the exposed and control groups. Oxidative stress parameters and apoptotic cell counts also showed no significant differences between groups.
Chen G, Lu D, Chiang H, Leszczynski D, Xu Z. · 2012
Researchers used the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to study how exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields and radiofrequency EMF affects gene expression. Yeast cells were exposed for 6 hours to either 0.4 mT 50 Hz ELF-MF or 1800 MHz RF-EMF at a specific absorption rate of 4.7 W/kg. The study found no confirmed gene expression changes from ELF-MF exposure, and only the expressions of SMC3 and AQY2 were confirmed as responsive to RF-EMF.
Chen G, Lu D, Chiang H, Leszczynski D, Xu Z · 2012
Researchers exposed yeast cells to both 50 Hz magnetic fields and 1800 MHz radiofrequency radiation to see if electromagnetic fields could change gene activity. They found that magnetic fields caused no confirmed gene changes, while radiofrequency exposure affected only 2-5 genes out of thousands tested. This suggests that EMF effects on basic cellular processes may be more limited than some studies indicate.
Legros A et al. · 2012
Researchers investigated the effects of a 60 Hz, 1,800 μT magnetic field on neurophysiological and neuromotor measures in humans, including EEG, standing balance, voluntary motor function, and physiological tremor. Results suggested a reduction of human standing balance and an increase of physiological tremor amplitude in the frequency range associated with central nervous system contribution, while no exposure effect appeared on EEG or voluntary motor control. The researchers concluded that 1 h of 60 Hz, 1,800 μT magnetic field exposure may modulate human involuntary motor control without being detected in cortical electrical activity.
Legros A et al. · 2012
Researchers exposed people to strong 60 Hz magnetic fields (like power lines emit) for one hour. The exposure impaired balance and increased hand tremor, even though brain waves stayed normal. This shows power-frequency fields can affect movement control in subtle ways.
Khalil AM, Gagaa MH, Alshamali AM. · 2012
Researchers exposed rats to cell phone radiation at 1800 MHz for 2 hours and measured a specific marker of DNA damage (8-oxodG) in their urine. They found significant increases in DNA damage markers throughout most of the exposure period, with peak damage occurring 1 hour after exposure began. This suggests that cell phone radiation can cause oxidative damage to DNA, which is a key mechanism linked to cancer development.
Terro F et al. · 2012
Researchers exposed cultured cerebral cortical cells to GSM-900MHz at 0.25W/kg for 24 h using a wire-patch cell. Exposure caused a ~0.5°C temperature rise but did not induce apoptosis. HSC70 increased by 26% and HSP90 decreased slightly (<10%). α-synuclein decreased by 24% without changes in active lysosome localization, indicating independence from CMA. Similar effects were seen when cells were incubated at 37.5°C, suggesting the changes were due to temperature rise.
