Browse 3,138 peer-reviewed studies on electromagnetic field health effects from the BioInitiative Report database.
Showing 1,644 studies in Brain & Nervous System
Falone S et al. · 2008
Italian researchers exposed young and older rats to 50 Hz magnetic fields from power lines for 10 days. Young rats strengthened their brain's antioxidant defenses, but older rats experienced significant weakening of these protective systems, suggesting aging brains are more vulnerable to EMF damage.
Wang X et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed rats to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (20 Hz) during morphine treatment to study brain changes after drug withdrawal. They found that EMF exposure made the reduction of dopamine D2 receptors in the hippocampus (a brain region crucial for memory and learning) even more severe during withdrawal. This suggests that EMF exposure may worsen brain chemistry changes associated with drug addiction and withdrawal.
Ross ML, Koren SA, Persinger MA. · 2008
Researchers exposed 50 people to weak magnetic fields over their left forehead while they processed true or false statements about word definitions. Those exposed to specific pulsed magnetic field patterns (25 Hz or burst-firing) were twice as likely to later accept false statements as true compared to control groups. This demonstrates that extremely weak magnetic fields can directly influence cognitive judgment and decision-making processes in the brain.
Piacentini R, Ripoli C, Mezzogori D, Azzena GB, Grassi C. · 2008
Researchers exposed neural stem cells from newborn mice to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (50 Hz at 1 mT) and found that this exposure significantly promoted the development of these cells into mature neurons. The electromagnetic fields worked by increasing the activity of specific calcium channels in the cells, which are crucial for brain cell development. This suggests that power-frequency EMF exposure can directly influence how brain cells develop and mature.
Partsvania B, Sulaberidze T, Modebadze Z, Shoshiashvili L. · 2008
Researchers exposed isolated snail brain cells to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields at the same frequencies used in cell phones (8.34 and 217 Hz) and measured how the neurons responded to electrical signals. They found that EMF exposure disrupted the normal learning process in these nerve cells, causing them to lose their ability to filter out repeated stimuli. This suggests that EMF exposure can interfere with basic neural functions that are fundamental to learning and memory.
Liu T, Wang S, He L, Ye K. · 2008
Researchers exposed rats to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (similar to power lines) for 4 weeks and found the animals performed better on memory tests. The exposed rats learned spatial tasks faster and retained memories longer than unexposed rats. This unexpected finding suggests that certain EMF exposures might enhance rather than impair brain function under specific conditions.
Liu T, Wang S, He L, Ye K. · 2008
Researchers exposed rats to power line frequency magnetic fields (50 Hz) for 25 days. Rats exposed 4 hours daily showed increased anxiety behaviors in tests, while 1-hour exposure had no effect, suggesting longer daily exposure to these fields may increase anxiety levels.
Harakawa S et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed rats to 50 Hz electric fields (the same frequency as household electricity) while training them to avoid bright environments. The electric field exposure interfered with the rats' ability to learn this avoidance behavior, suggesting the fields affected either their vision or brain function. This indicates that mammals can sense and be neurologically affected by electric fields at levels similar to those found near power lines.
Fu Y, Wang C, Wang J, Lei Y, Ma Y · 2008
Researchers exposed mice to magnetic fields from power lines for 25 days, then tested their memory using mazes. Long-term exposure impaired the mice's ability to recognize new environments, suggesting that prolonged exposure to common household magnetic fields may interfere with spatial memory abilities.
Falone S et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed young and old rats to power line magnetic fields for 10 days. Young rats strengthened their brain's antioxidant defenses, but older rats experienced weakened protection against cellular damage, suggesting aging increases vulnerability to electromagnetic field effects.
Ahmed Z, Wieraszko A. · 2008
Researchers exposed hippocampus brain tissue to pulsed magnetic fields (15 mT at 0.16 Hz) for 30 minutes and found significant increases in brain cell excitability and electrical activity. The magnetic field exposure enhanced both excitatory and inhibitory brain processes, with effects that were independent of normal learning pathways. This demonstrates that even brief magnetic field exposure can directly alter fundamental brain function at the cellular level.
Yan JG, Agresti M, Zhang LL, Yan Y, Matloub HS. · 2008
Researchers exposed rats to cell phone radiation (1.9 GHz) for 6 hours daily over 18 weeks and examined changes in brain tissue at the molecular level. They found statistically significant increases in mRNA (genetic instructions for making proteins) associated with brain injury and repair processes. The study suggests that chronic cell phone exposure may cause cumulative brain damage that could eventually become clinically significant.
Sokolovic D et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed rats to cell phone radiation for 60 days and found it damaged brain cells through oxidative stress (harmful free radicals). Melatonin, a natural hormone, partially protected against this brain damage, suggesting phone radiation may harm brain tissue but antioxidants could help.
Odaci E, Bas O, Kaplan S · 2008
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to cell phone-frequency electromagnetic fields daily during pregnancy. Their offspring showed significantly fewer brain cells in the hippocampus region responsible for learning and memory, suggesting EMF exposure during pregnancy may harm developing brain tissue.
Nittby H et al. · 2008
Swedish researchers exposed rats to cell phone radiation (GSM-900) for 2 hours weekly over more than a year, using power levels similar to what your phone emits. The exposed rats showed significantly impaired memory, specifically struggling to remember objects and when they encountered them compared to unexposed control rats. This suggests that chronic low-level cell phone radiation exposure may affect cognitive function and memory formation.
Nittby H et al. · 2008
Swedish researchers exposed rats to cell phone radiation at 1,800 MHz for six hours and found significant changes in brain gene expression. The radiation altered genes controlling cell membranes and signal transmission in memory-critical brain regions, occurring at levels similar to extended human cell phone use.
Mathur R. · 2008
Researchers exposed growing rats to amplitude-modulated radiofrequency radiation (similar to AM radio signals) for 2 hours daily over 45 days and tested their pain responses. The exposed rats showed altered pain processing - they became more emotionally reactive to sharp pain while experiencing less sensitivity to prolonged pain. This suggests that RF radiation can disrupt the nervous system's normal pain processing mechanisms during critical developmental periods.
Lee KS, Choi JS, Hong SY, Son TH, Yu K. · 2008
Researchers exposed fruit flies to cell phone radiation at two different intensities to see how it affected their survival and cellular responses. At the current safety limit (1.6 W/kg), most flies survived 30 hours of exposure, but at higher levels (4.0 W/kg), flies began dying after 12 hours. The radiation triggered different cellular stress pathways depending on the intensity, with higher levels causing brain cell death.
Joubert, V., Bourthoumieu, S., Leveque, P. and Yardin, C. · 2008
Researchers exposed rat brain cells to cell phone-level radiofrequency radiation (900 MHz at 2 W/kg SAR) for 24 hours and found it triggered programmed cell death through a specific pathway involving mitochondria. The cell death occurred even when accounting for the slight heating effect of the radiation. This suggests that RF radiation can damage brain cells through non-thermal mechanisms at exposure levels similar to what cell phones produce.
Eberhardt JL, Persson BR, Brun AE, Salford LG, Malmgren LO · 2008
Swedish researchers exposed rats to cell phone radiation at levels similar to what users experience and found it damaged the blood-brain barrier (the protective shield around the brain) and harmed brain cells. The damage appeared at very low exposure levels and persisted for weeks after exposure ended. This suggests that regular cell phone use could potentially compromise brain protection and cause neurological damage over time.
Croft RJ et al. · 2008
Researchers measured brain waves in 120 people while they used mobile phones for 30 minutes, finding that phone radiation significantly changed the brain's electrical activity patterns. Specifically, the phones increased "alpha waves" (brain rhythms associated with relaxed awareness) more on the side of the head closest to the phone. This study confirms that mobile phone radiation can alter normal brain function in real-time.
Ammari M, Lecomte A, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H, de-Seze R · 2008
French researchers exposed rats to cell phone radiation for seven days and found that high-intensity exposure significantly reduced brain energy production in areas controlling memory and motor function, while lower intensity showed no effects, suggesting certain radiation levels may disrupt normal brain cell function.
Ammari M et al. · 2008
French researchers exposed rats to cell phone radiation (GSM 900 MHz) for 6 months and examined their brain tissue for signs of inflammation. They found that high-level exposure (6 W/kg SAR) caused persistent activation of glial cells, which are the brain's immune cells that respond to injury or stress. This suggests the radiation may have caused ongoing brain inflammation even 10 days after exposure ended.
Zhang SZ, Yao GD, Lu DQ, Chiang H, Xu ZP. · 2008
Chinese researchers exposed rat brain neurons to 1.8 GHz radiofrequency radiation (the same frequency used in cell phones) at 2 W/kg for up to 24 hours. They found that 34 genes changed their expression patterns, including genes involved in brain cell structure and signaling. The changes were more pronounced with intermittent exposure than continuous exposure, suggesting that the pattern of EMF exposure matters for biological effects.
Nittby H et al. · 2008
Swedish researchers exposed rats to cell phone radiation at 1,800 MHz for 6 hours and analyzed gene activity in brain regions critical for memory and thinking. The radiation significantly altered the expression of hundreds of genes, particularly those involved in cell membrane functions and cellular communication. This suggests that even brief exposure to mobile phone radiation can trigger measurable biological changes in brain tissue at the genetic level.