Dornelles EB et al. · 2017
Researchers tested the in vitro cytotoxic effects of a 5 mT static magnetic field on human blood cells carrying different variants of the Val16Ala polymorphism in the manganese superoxide dismutase gene. Cytotoxic effects were observed in AA cells at all exposure times, while AV cells showed higher mortality only after 6 hours, and higher apoptosis induction was seen in AA cells compared to VV and AV cells. The authors suggest the results indicate a toxicogenetic effect of the static magnetic field related to an imbalance in SOD2 activity.
Cichoń N et al. · 2017
Patients were divided into two groups, both undergoing the same 4-week rehabilitation program, with one group also receiving daily ELF-EMF exposure. The ELF-EMF group was exposed to a field of 40 Hz and 7 mT for 15 minutes per day. ELF-EMF significantly increased 3-nitrotyrosine and nitrate/nitrite levels, while NOS2 expression was insignificantly decreased in both groups. The researchers concluded that ELF-EMF therapy is capable of promoting recovery in poststroke patients.
Calcabrini C et al. · 2017
Researchers investigated whether ELF-EMF exposure causes significant cell damage in human keratinocytes, to support potential ELF-EMF use in regenerative medicine for skin injuries. Reactive oxygen species production was evaluated in human keratinocytes exposed for 1 H to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at field strengths from 0.25 to 2 G, and significant ROS increases resulted at 0.5 and 1 G. All significant alterations observed in the first 4 H of exposure reverted to controls 24 H after, and the exposure did not have a cytotoxic effect.
Wang K et al. · 2017
Researchers examined the effects of a single 30-minute exposure to 1.8 GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation on recognition memory in mice, using the novel object recognition task. Exposure at an intensity above 2.2 W/kg SAR produced a significant, density-dependent increase in the recognition memory index, with no corresponding changes in spontaneous locomotor activity. The researchers also found that exposure increased dendritic-spine density and length in hippocampal and prefrontal cortical neurons, and significantly altered neuronal excitability in pyramidal neurons. The SAR used in the study was 3.3 W/kg, which the researchers noted was outside the range encountered in normal daily life.
Wang H et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed 220 male Wistar rats to a 2.856 GHz radiation source at power densities of 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 mW/cm² for 6 min/day, 5 days/week, for up to 6 weeks. Rats in the 10 mW/cm² group showed declines in spatial learning and memory and EEG disorders, including decreased EEG frequencies and increased amplitudes and delta wave powers. Changes in the basic structure and ultrastructure of the hippocampus were found in the 10 and 5 mW/cm² groups. The researchers suggested that continuous microwave exposure could cause dose-dependent long-term impairment of spatial learning and memory, and that decreases in NMDAR key subunits and phosphorylation of NR2B might contribute to cognitive impairment.
Kim JH, Yu DH, Huh YH, Lee EH, Kim HG, Kim HR. · 2017
Researchers exposed C57BL/6 mice to 835 MHz RF-EMF at a specific absorption rate of 4.0 W/kg for 5 hours per day during 12 weeks. The study found that RF-EMF exposure led to myelin sheath damage and that mice displayed hyperactivity-like behavior. Autophagy-related proteins including LC3B-II and Beclin1 were increased in neuronal cell bodies, and the researchers suggest autophagy may act as a protective pathway during radiofrequency exposure.
Paknahad M, Mortazavi SM, Shahidi S, Mortazavi G, Haghani M · 2016
Researchers prepared class V cavities in 20 extracted human premolars and randomly divided them into two groups of 10. The experimental group was exposed to 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi radiation for 20 minutes at a distance of 30 cm while the router communicated with a laptop 20 meters away. Mercury concentration in artificial saliva was significantly higher in the exposed group (0.056 ± .025 mg/L) than in the control group (0.026 ± .008 mg/L) (P =0.009).
Tamrin et al · 2016
The authors discuss the importance of controlling stem cell fate in research. They review how mechanical, chemical, and electrical cues have been used to control stem cell fate. The review explores the electromagnetic nature of cells and effects of EMF on factors influencing cell fate. The authors suggest EMFs could be engineered to control stem cell fate decisions. They note that mechanisms remain unclear and need further study.
Reale M et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to 50 Hz/1 mT ELF-EMF for short (1h-3h) and sub-chronic (48 h) periods. Exposed cells showed an increased intracellular 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid/5-hydroxytryptamine ratio reflecting transmitter synthesis, catabolism, and release. Matrix metalloproteinases involved in neuronal cell death were not significantly altered. The balance between reactive oxygen species generation and elimination, and between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, was maintained. The changes were minor compared to damage expected to underlie neurodegeneration or cognitive impairment.
Nakayama M, Nakamura A, Hondou T, Miyata H · 2016
Researchers measured DNA single-strand breaks, cell viability, and nitric oxide production in macrophage RAW264 cells exposed to a 0.5-mT, 50-Hz magnetic field for 24 hours with or without LPS stimulation. The magnetic field alone did not alter nitric oxide production. The combined effect of LPS and magnetic field was not mediated by LPS-induced nitric oxide production.
Waldmann-Selsam C et al. · 2016
A long-term field monitoring study from 2006 to 2015 in Bamberg and Hallstadt, Germany, included 144 radiofrequency measurements at 1.5m height in streets and parks. Researchers selected 60 damaged trees, 30 randomly selected trees, and 30 trees in low-radiation areas. Measurements revealed significant differences in power flux density between the damaged side facing a phone mast and the opposite side, and between the exposed side of damaged trees and all other groups. Trees in low-radiation areas with no visual contact to phone masts and power flux density under 50μW/m2 showed no damage.
Vian A, Davies E, Gendraud M, Bonnet P. · 2016
The review identifies exposure devices and illustrates plant responses at cellular, molecular, and whole-plant scales. Low-power high-frequency EMF modifies numerous metabolic activities, alters gene expression, and reduces growth. These changes occur systemically in distant tissues, not only in directly exposed tissues.
Türedi S, Hancı H, Çolakoğlu S, Kaya H, Odacı E. · 2016
Researchers exposed pregnant Sprague Dawley rats to continuous 900-MHz EMF for one hour daily on gestational days 13-21. Female offspring were evaluated on postnatal day 34 for ovarian follicle counts and histopathology. Exposed offspring showed significantly fewer primordial and tertiary follicles and more atretic follicles and higher apoptotic index than controls. Histopathology revealed severe follicle degeneration, vasocongestion, increased stromal fibrotic tissue, and cytoplasmic vacuolization in granulosa cells.
Siqueira EC et al. · 2016
Researchers studied 83 Brazilian individuals to compare cytokine levels in saliva from the parotid gland exposed to cell phone radiation (ipsilateral) versus the contralateral gland. After multiple testing correction, they found decreased IL-10 and increased IL-1β in the ipsilateral side compared to the contralateral side (P < 0.05). Subjects who used cell phones for more than 10 years showed larger differences in IL-10 levels between sides (P = 0.0012). No differences were observed for any parameter in relation to monthly cell phone usage in minutes.
Shekoohi Shooli F et al. · 2016
In this study 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups of ten. The control group received no radiation, the sham group was exposed to a switched-off jammer, and the exposure group was placed 50 cm from the jammer after a 12-hour fast. A statistically significant difference was observed between the control and exposure groups at 24, 48, and 72 hours (p <0.001, <0.001, and 0.002), while no significant difference was found between control and sham groups.
Sagioglou NE et al. · 2016
Researchers studied apoptosis in the model biological system Drosophila melanogaster under different exposure protocols. A signal generator was used operating alternatively under Continuous Wave (CW) or Frequency Modulation (FM) emission modes, at three power output values (10 dB, 0, -10 dB), under four carrier frequencies (100, 395, 682, 900 MHz). Newly emerged flies were exposed either acutely for 6 or 60 minutes on the sixth day, or repeatedly for 6 or 60 minutes daily for the first six days of their life. All exposure protocols resulted in an increase of apoptotic cell death observed in egg chambers, even at very low electric field strengths. FM waves seem to have a stronger effect in ACD than continuous waves.
Safian F et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed mouse 2-cell embryos to EMF (900–1800 MHz) for 30 minutes per day over four days and compared them with unexposed controls. The rate of embryo survival to the blastocyst stage was similar in both groups. However, the percentage of dead embryos at the 2-cell stage was significantly higher in the EMF-exposed group, and loss of cell viability significantly increased in experimental blastocysts.
Pfützner, H · 2016
The author argues that classical polarization theory provides a conventional interpretation for previously unclarified effects, their low reproducibility, and low intensity. A consistent interpretation based on temperature increase at nanometer-sized molecular compounds is proposed to favor interdisciplinary discussions on safety regulations. The concept assumes that hot spots contain even hotter nano spots on a molecular level according to γ-relaxation mechanisms, within a heterogeneous system of water molecules and larger functional molecules.
Paik MJ, Kim HS, Lee YS, Do Choi H, Pack JK, Kim N, Ahn YH · 2016
Researchers performed metabolomic analysis of urinary polyamines from rats exposed to 915 MHz RFID signals for 8 h/day for 2 weeks using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Total polyamine levels and eight specific polyamines decreased after both sham and RFID exposure compared to before exposure, while N(1)-acetylspermine increased significantly in both groups. N(1)-acetylspermine rose 54% after RFID exposure versus 17% in the sham group.
Oster S et al. · 2016
Researchers developed and characterized a flexible experimental setup based on a transverse electromagnetic waveguide for controlled, reproducible exposure of developing neuronal networks in vitro. The Stripline showed very good performance in the 800-1000 MHz band, with simulations indicating uniform specific absorption rate values of 361.7 ± 11.4 mW/kg at 1 W, 900 MHz across a large exposure area. Thermal drift during exposure did not exceed 0.1 K in the cellular medium. Embryonic rat cortical neurons were cultured on microelectrode array chips for non-invasive electrophysiological assessment over several weeks, demonstrating the system's reliability for long-term studies.
López-Furelos A et al. · 2016
Forty rats were divided into four groups of ten. Twenty-four hours after exposure, HSP 90 and HSP 70 levels differed between cerebral hemispheres at high SAR, while caspase-3 did not. In cerebellar hemispheres, single RF exposure at high SAR altered HSP 90, HSP 70, and caspase-3 compared with controls. The combined signals did not produce additive effects on absorbed energy or biological outcomes.
Kuybulu AE et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed male Wistar rats pre- and post-natally to 2.45 GHz wireless electromagnetic fields. The study included pre-natal, post-natal, and sham exposure groups. Spot urine NAG/creatinine ratio was significantly higher in both pre- and post-natal groups, and tubular injury was detected in most post-natal specimens. Pre-natal exposure showed low Bax and high Bcl-2 staining in kidney cortex and medulla, with higher Bcl2/Bax ratios than sham.
Fornes-Leal A et al. · 2016
The dielectric constant of cancerous tissue was 8.8% higher than healthy tissue with statistical significance (p = 0.002). Conductivity was about 10.6% higher in cancerous tissue but the measurements did not have statistical significance (p = 0.038). Per-patient analysis showed systematic differences in dielectric constant between healthy and malignant tissues.
Erkut A et al. · 2016
Pregnant rats were exposed to 1800 MHz electromagnetic field for six, 12, or 24 hours daily for 20 days, and offspring were evaluated at 60 days after birth. Increasing prenatal exposure duration significantly reduced resting cartilage levels and increased apoptotic chondrocytes and myocytes. Calcineurin activity decreased in bone and muscle, and femur, tibia, and ulna development was impaired, especially with 24-hour daily exposure.
El-Gohary OA, Said MA. · 2016
Rats were randomly divided into six groups including controls, vitamin D only, EMF 1 h/day, EMF 2 h/day, and combined EMF and vitamin D groups. After 30 days of exposure, 1 h/day EMF significantly decreased immunoglobulin levels (IgA, IgE, IgM, IgG) and total leukocyte, lymphocyte, eosinophil, and basophil counts, while significantly increasing neutrophil and monocyte counts. The changes were more pronounced in rats exposed to 2 h/day EMF. Vitamin D supplementation reversed these immune alterations in EMF-exposed rats. Shorter exposures of 7, 14, and 21 days produced no significant differences among groups.
