Dolk H et al. · 1997
Researchers conducted a small-area study of cancer incidence from 1974 to 1986 around the Sutton Coldfield TV and FM radio transmitter in England. They used national cancer registration data and 1981 census data, calculating expected cancers with indirect standardization stratified by socioeconomic index. Adult leukemia risk within 2 km was 1.83 (95% CI 1.22-2.74) and declined significantly with distance (p=0.001), with similar patterns for skin and bladder cancer.
Repacholi et al. · 1997
Researchers exposed female E mu-Pim1 transgenic mice to pulsed 900 MHz fields for two 30-minute periods per day for up to 18 months. Lymphoma risk was significantly higher in exposed mice than in controls (OR = 2.4, P = 0.006). Follicular lymphomas were the major contributor to the increased tumor incidence.
Nakamura H, Seto T, Nagase H, Yoshida M, Dan S, Ogino K. · 1997
Pregnant rats exposed to microwaves showed a significant reduction in splenic natural killer cell activity, while no such reduction was seen in exposed virgin rats. Corticosterone and ACTH increased, and oestradiol decreased, in both exposed virgin and pregnant rats, while beta-endorphin and progesterone increased significantly only in pregnant rats.
Gapeev AB, Lakushina VS, Chemeris NK, Fesenko EE · 1997
Researchers investigated how low-intensity modulated extremely high frequency electromagnetic radiation affected the respiratory burst of peritoneal neutrophils from NMRI mice. Continuous radiation at 50 microW/cm2 inhibited the reaction, with a maximum effect of about 25% at a carrier frequency of 41.95 GHz. When modulation was applied at 1 Hz, the reaction was activated, while modulation at 0.1, 16, and 50 Hz inhibited it. The effect was observed only when intracellular free calcium concentration was raised and calcium was flowing through the plasma membrane.
Donnellan M, McKenzie DR, French PW · 1997
Researchers exposed a mast cell line, RBL-2H3, to 835 MHz radiation for 20 minutes, three times per day for 7 days at a power density of 8.1 +/- 3 mW/cm2. From day 4 onward, DNA synthesis and cell replication increased, cell morphology changed, and beta-hexosaminidase release was significantly enhanced compared to unexposed cultures. No effects were seen on cytoskeletal protein synthesis or beta-actin mRNA levels. Morphological changes persisted following subculture for at least 7 days in the absence of further exposure.
Szmigielski, S · 1996
Researchers compared cancer morbidity between occupationally exposed and non-exposed personnel using observed and expected rates to calculate an observed/expected ratio. The overall cancer morbidity rate was 119.1 per 100 000 annually in exposed personnel versus 57.6 in non-exposed, yielding an OER of 2.07 (P < 0.05). Higher rates were seen for alimentary tract neoplasms (OER = 3.19–3.24), brain tumours (OER = 1.91), and haemopoietic/lymphatic malignancies (OER = 6.31).
Grigor'ev IuG · 1996
The study aims to investigate the role of modulation in biological effects of electromagnetic radiation. Research outcomes indicate that nervous and immune system responses depend on the type of modulation at low exposure levels. The authors formulate the necessity of accounting for modulation in electromagnetic danger evaluation. Data describing the role of modulation in the development of biological effects are considered.
Gapeev AB, Safronova VG, Chemeris NK, Fesenko EE · 1996
Researchers compared horn, dielectric, and channel antennas for matching with biological loads. Electromagnetic radiation at 41.8-42.05 GHz inhibited luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of neutrophils activated by opsonized zymosan. No frequency dependence was found in the far field zone, but a quasi-resonance dependence appeared in the near field zone. The channel antenna provided uniform specific absorption rate distribution and wide-band matching in both near and far field zones.
Detlavs I et al. · 1996
Researchers exposed Wistar rats with full-thickness dermal wounds to RF EMF for 30 min daily during the first 5 days using 53.53 GHz without modulation, 42.19 GHz without modulation, and 42.19 GHz with a 200-MHz frequency modulation band. RF EMF without frequency modulation decreased glycoprotein macromolecules and reduced inflammatory exudation and total collagen accumulation. RF EMF with frequency modulation significantly elevated hexoses and sialic acid concentrations, indicating intensified exudative phenomena, and increased collagenous protein accumulation. The authors concluded that non-thermal EMF affects reparative-proliferative processes in soft tissue wounds.
Singh B, Bate LA · 1996
Researchers exposed pigs to infrared, low-power (6.1 mW cm-2), and high-power (11.4 mW cm-2) 915 MHz microwave radiation for 24 hours, with controls under natural light. Lung tissues were examined ultrastructurally and for acid phosphatase activity, and rough endoplasmic reticulum fraction was measured. Low-power microwave exposure increased the rough endoplasmic reticulum to cytoplasm ratio, prominent Golgi profiles, and secretory vesicles in pulmonary intravascular macrophages compared to other groups. High-power microwave exposure caused extracellular acid phosphatase precipitates and disrupted collagen matrix in the pulmonary interstitium. Intracellular globules appeared in infrared and low-power microwave groups but not in controls or high-power group.
Elekes E, Thuróczy G, Szabó LD. · 1996
Researchers tested the effect of continuous or amplitude-modulated 2.45 GHz microwave radiation on the immune response of mice. CW exposures induced elevations of the number of antibody-producing cells in the spleen of male Balb/c mice by 37%. AM microwave exposure induced elevation of the spleen index by 15% and antibody-producing cell number by 55% in the spleen of male mice. No changes were observed in female mice.
Cleary, SF, Du, Z, Cao, G, Liu, LM, McCrady, C · 1996
Researchers investigated the effects of RF radiation exposure on interleukin 2 (IL-2) -dependent proliferation of cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLL-2). At specific absorption rates greater than 25 W/kg, exposure produced a consistent, statistically significant reduction in CTLL-2 proliferation, especially at low IL-2 concentrations. At lower SARs, 2450 MHz exposure increased CTLL-2 proliferation immediately after exposure but reduced 24 h postexposure proliferation. The researchers found significant qualitative and quantitative differences between the effects of temperature elevation and RF radiation.
Unknown authors · 1995
Researchers exposed B-lineage lymphoid cells to low energy electromagnetic fields and found stimulation of Lyn and Syk kinases. EMF exposure enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation in Syk-deficient cells but not in Lyn-deficient cells. Activation of Lyn kinase was found to be sufficient and mandatory for EMF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation.
Kaliada TV et al. · 1995
Roy S et al. · 1995
Researchers investigated whether a low-frequency, low-intensity magnetic field could affect the oxidative burst triggered by PMA in rat peritoneal neutrophils. In the presence of the magnetic field, a 12.4% increase in the fluorescence signal was observed in PMA-stimulated neutrophils (n = 5, P < 0.02, 18 pairs of measurements). The researchers described this as what they believed to be the first experimental observation of a magnetic field influencing free radical species generated during signal transduction in living cells.
Unknown authors · 1994
Researchers conducted an open-field provocation in front of an ordinary TV set with two patients who regarded themselves as suffering from skin problems due to work at video display terminals. Before the provocation, skin biopsies from the anterior neck showed a high-to-very high number of somatostatin-immunoreactive dendritic cells and histamine-positive mast cells. At the end of the provocation, the number of mast cells was unchanged, but the somatostatin-positive cells had seemingly disappeared. The researchers noted that the high number of mast cells may explain the clinical symptoms of itch, pain, edema and erythema.
Akoev IG, Mel'nikov VM, Usachev AV, Kozhokaru AF, · 1994
Researchers studied whether exposure to low-intensity radiofrequency radiation after a lethal dose of gamma-radiation could modify the resulting injury in mice. The radiofrequency exposure lasted up to 23 hours at an intensity of 5 plus or minus 1.5 microwatts per square centimeter, covering frequency ranges of 2-8, 8-18, and 19-27 GHz with a swing frequency of 12-14 Hz. A clearly pronounced modification of acute radiation injury was obtained when the radiofrequency exposure was applied immediately after the gamma-radiation.
Unknown authors · 1993
Researchers measured intracellular calcium concentration in mouse lymphocytes using a fluorescent probe during a 60-minute exposure to cyclotron resonance conditions for calcium ions. They tested resonance conditions at 16 Hz and 50 Hz with DC field amplitudes shifting the frequency up to 25 percent either side of the calculated optimum. Concanavalin A treatment increased intracellular calcium significantly, but no change was detected under any magnetic field combination tested.
Unknown authors · 1993
Rotkovska D, Bartonickova A, Kautska J · 1993
Podkovkin VG · 1993
Researchers repeatedly exposed guinea pigs to microwave radiation at 1 mW/cm². This exposure inhibited anaphylactic response in some animals and increased blood levels of histamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. The increases were more pronounced in irradiated guinea pigs that died from anaphylactic shock compared with nonirradiated animals. Long-term stay in a perturbed weak geometric field reduced the microwave-induced effect.
Unknown authors · 1992
Czerska EM, Elson EC, Davis CC, Swicord ML, Czerski P · 1992
Researchers exposed human lymphocytes in vitro for 5 days to continuous-wave (CW) or pulsed-wave (PW) 2450-MHz radiation at non-heating and heating levels, with actual average SARs ranging to 12.3 W/kg. At non-heating levels, CW exposure did not affect spontaneous lymphoblastoid transformation, but PW exposure enhanced it significantly (P less than .002). At heating levels, PW exposure enhanced transformation to a greater extent than either conventional heating or CW heating, a finding significant at the .02 level.
Chou CK, Guy AW, Kunz LL, Johnson RB, Crowley JJ, Krupp JH · 1992
Two hundred male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned in equal numbers to radiation-exposure and sham-exposure conditions, with exposure beginning at 8 weeks of age and continuing daily for 25 months. The experimental rats were exposed to 2,450-MHz pulsed microwaves at 800 pps with a 10-microseconds pulse width, square-wave modulated at 8-Hz. Blood samples were analyzed at regular intervals for serum chemistries, hematological values, protein electrophoretic patterns, thyroxine, and plasma corticosterone levels.
Budinscak V, Goldoni J, Saric M · 1991
Researchers measured hematological parameters in 43 radar operators employed in air traffic control who were occupationally exposed to microwave radiation of low intensity over four years. Exposed workers showed decreased erythrocytes, reticulocytes, platelets, segmented granulocytes and monocytes, and increased leucocytes and lymphocytes. The changes were not pathologically significant and most of them were reversible.
