Celik S, Aridogan IA, Izol V, Erdoğan S, Polat S, Doran S. · 2012
Researchers placed Wistar-Kyoto male rats into a control group with inactive cell phones and an experimental group with active cell phones for three months. No significant differences were found in testis weight, seminiferous tubule diameter, or histopathological evaluation between the groups. Electron microscopy showed increased membrana propria thickness, increased collagen fibers, extended capillary veins, vacuolization in Sertoli cells, electron-dense structures, and large lipid droplets in the exposed rats.
Baste V, Moen BE, Oftedal G, Strand LA, Bjørge L, Mild KH. · 2012
The study was a cohort study of Royal Norwegian Navy servicemen linked to the Medical Birth Registry of Norway, including singleton offspring born between 1967 and 2008 (n = 37,920). Exposure during the last 3 months before conception (acute) and exposure more than 3 months before conception (nonacute) were analyzed. Perinatal mortality and preeclampsia increased after service aboard fast patrol boats during an acute period and also after increased estimated radiofrequency exposure during an acute period, compared with service aboard other vessels. No associations were found between nonacute exposure and any of the reproductive outcomes.
Avendaño C, Mata A, Sanchez Sarmiento CA, Doncel GF. · 2012
Researchers exposed sperm from 29 healthy donors to a Wi-Fi-connected laptop for four hours. Exposed sperm had significantly lower progressive motility and more DNA fragmentation than unexposed sperm. Sperm viability did not differ between groups.
Al-Damegh MA. · 2012
The study exposed rats to an electromagnetic field for 15, 30, and 60 minutes daily over two weeks, with some groups receiving vitamin C (40 mg/kg/day) or vitamin E (2.7 mg/kg/day). Electromagnetic exposure significantly increased seminiferous tubule diameter and caused disorganized sperm cycle interruption. It also raised serum and testicular conjugated diene, lipid hydroperoxide, and catalase activities threefold while decreasing glutathione and glutathione peroxidase levels three to fivefold. The authors concluded that the electromagnetic frequency negatively affected testicular architecture and enzymatic activity and that vitamins C and E may mitigate oxidative stress and restore normality.
Oksay T, Naziroğlu M, Doğan S, Güzel A, Gümral N, Koşar PA. · 2012
Thirty-two rats were equally divided into four groups: cage control, sham control, 2.45-GHz EMR exposure, and 2.45-GHz EMR plus melatonin. Rats in the EMR groups were exposed to 2.45-GHz EMR for 60 minutes per day for 30 days. EMR exposure increased lipid peroxidation and decreased vitamins A and E in the testis. Melatonin treatment prevented the rise in lipid peroxidation and the drop in vitamin E.
Kesari KK, Behari J. · 2012
Seventy-day-old Wistar rats were exposed to mobile phone radiofrequency radiation for two hours per day for 45 days and compared with a sham-exposed group. RF-exposed animals had a significant decrease in testosterone and an increase in caspase-3 activity. Distortions in sperm head and mid piece of sperm mitochondrial sheath were observed via transmission electron microscopy. Progeny from RF-exposed rats showed significant decreases in number and weight compared to sham-exposed animals.
Jing J, Yuhua Z, Xiao-qian Y, Rongping J, Dong-mei G, Xi C. · 2012
Thirty-two pregnant rats were divided into four groups, with three groups receiving microwave radiation for 10, 30, or 60 minutes three times daily from the first day of pregnancy for 20 days. In the 30-minute and 60-minute exposure groups, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase decreased while malondialdehyde increased compared with controls. Noradrenaline and dopamine levels increased in the 10-minute exposure group but decreased in the 60-minute exposure group. The authors concluded that prenatal microwave radiation from cellular phones has certain harm on fetal rat brains.
Tsybulin O, Sidorik E, Kyrylenko S, Henshel D, Yakymenko I. · 2012
Researchers exposed fresh fertilized Japanese quail eggs to GSM 900 MHz cell phone radiation at 0.2 μW/cm² for either 38 hours or 14 days. The 38-hour exposure significantly increased the number of differentiated somites, and the 14-day exposure significantly increased total embryo survival. Hatchlings from exposed eggs showed significantly higher levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in brain and liver tissue.
Qin F et al. · 2012
Kumar S, Behari J, Sisodia R. · 2012
Researchers exposed 70-day-old male Wistar rats to 10 GHz microwave radiation for 2 h per day for 45 days at power density 0.21 mW/cm(2) and SAR of 0.014 W/kg, with a sham-exposed control group. Scanning electron microscopy revealed shrinkage of the seminiferous tubule lumen, and apoptotic bodies were present in the exposed group. Flow cytometry showed micronuclei formation in lymphocytes, comet assay confirmed DNA strand breaks, and testosterone levels were significantly decreased alongside testicular shrinkage.
Kumar S, Behari J, Sisodia R. · 2012
Researchers exposed 70-day-old male albino rats to 10-GHz EMF for 2 hours a day over 45 days. Creatine kinase phosphorylation increased in sperm after exposure. Melatonin and MDA levels decreased in exposed rats. The authors concluded that microwave exposure could adversely affect male fertility.
Bellieni CV et al. · 2012
Researchers measured electromagnetic fields from five laptop computers of different brands and used computerized models to estimate induced currents in adult users and fetuses. The measured EMF values ranged from 1.8 to 6 μT, which fell within ICNIRP guidelines but were considerably higher than levels recommended by MPR II and TCO guidelines and those considered risky for tumor development. The power supply induced electric current densities in the fetus and adult that were respectively 182–263% and 71–483% higher than ICNIRP 98 basic restrictions.
Aït-Aïssa S et al. · 2012
Pregnant rats were exposed to a 2.45 GHz Wi-Fi signal for 2 hours per day, 5 days per week, at whole-body SAR levels of 0, 0.08, 0.4, and 4 W/kg. Dams were exposed from days 6 to 21 of gestation, and then three newborns per litter were further exposed from birth to day 35 postnatal. Sera from pups were screened for antibodies against 15 different antigens using ELISA, and no change in humoral response was observed regardless of the types of biomarker and SAR levels. The researchers' observations suggested a lack of adverse effects of Wi-Fi exposure on delivery and general condition of the animals.
Sakhnini L, Al Ali H, Al Qassab N, Al Arab E, Kamal A. · 2012
Researchers investigated the possible effect of ELF-EMFs on motor performance in prenatal and neonatal exposed mice. Motor performance was evaluated using rotarod experiments after 5 days of subacute exposure. Prenatal exposed groups showed a pronounced deficit in learning abilities, but no pronounced effect was observed for the neonatal exposed group.
Fournier NM, Mach QH, Whissell PD, Persinger MA. · 2012
Pregnant Wistar rats were continuously exposed to one of four intensities of a complex magnetic field throughout gestation. Exposure to weaker or stronger intensities of the same field pattern did not interfere with hippocampal development or fear behavior.
Aldad TS, Gan G, Gao XB, Taylor HS · 2012
Researchers used a mouse model to examine whether in-utero radiofrequency exposure from cellular telephones affects adult behavior. Mice exposed in the womb were hyperactive and had impaired memory, as measured using the object recognition, light/dark box, and step-down assays. The exposed mice also had dose-responsive impaired glutamatergic synaptic transmission onto layer V pyramidal neurons of the prefrontal cortex.
LaVignera et al · 2011
The article reviewed existing literature on the effects of RF-EMR on male reproductive function in experimental animals and humans. Animal studies in rats, mice, and rabbits used mobile phone RF exposure for variable lengths of time. These animal studies showed that RF-EMR decreases sperm count and motility and increases oxidative stress. In humans, two approaches were used: direct exposure of spermatozoa to RF-EMR and evaluation of sperm parameters in men using or not using mobile phones. Human spermatozoa exposed to RF-EMR showed decreased motility, morphometric abnormalities, and increased oxidative stress, while men using mobile phones had decreased sperm concentration, decreased motility, normal morphology, and decreased viability.
Unknown authors · 2011
Unknown authors · 2011
Researchers analyzed singleton live births and stillbirths in metropolitan areas of Québec from 1998 to 2007, calculating residential distance to power transmission lines. They used generalized estimating equations to compute odds ratios for stillbirth across distance categories, accounting for individual and area factors. No association was found between distance and preterm stillbirth. Term stillbirth odds were higher for residences within 25 meters compared to 100 meters or more (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.14 to 4.45), but no dose-response pattern appeared.
Unknown authors · 2011
The study used a prospective cohort design in which 626 children were followed for up to 13 years and their mothers carried meters to measure magnetic field levels during pregnancy. After adjusting for confounders, each 1-milligauss increase in maternal magnetic field level during pregnancy was associated with a 15% higher asthma rate in offspring (adjusted hazard ratio 1.15, 95% CI 1.04-1.27). When magnetic field levels were categorized, children of mothers with high exposure (>2.0 mG) had a 3.5-fold higher asthma rate compared to those with low exposure (≤0.3 mG), while medium exposure (>0.3-2.0 mG) was associated with a 74% higher rate. A statistically significant synergistic interaction was found between magnetic field exposure and maternal history of asthma and firstborn birth order.
Redmayne M, Smith E, Abramson MJ. · 2011
Researchers explored school cellphone rules and adolescent exposure to cellphone microwave emissions during school using a census and survey. All schools banned private use of cellphones in class, but 43% of student participants admitted breaking this rule. A high-exposure group of risk-takers was identified for whom prohibited in-school use was positively associated with high texting rates, carrying the phone switched-on >10h/day, and in-pocket use. The authors reviewed reproductive bio-effect papers and concluded there is sufficient evidence and expert opinion to warrant an enforced school policy removing cellphones from students during the day.
Lee HJ et al. · 2011
Researchers examined the effects of combined exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on rat testicular function, specifically spermatogenesis. Male rats were exposed to CDMA and WCDMA RF signals for 12 weeks at 45 minutes per day, 5 days per week, with a whole-body average SAR of 2.0 W/kg each or 4.0 W/kg total. They investigated sperm count, testosterone concentration, malondialdehyde concentrations, spermatogenesis stages, and apoptotic cells in the testes.
Imai N, Kawabe M, Hikage T, Nojima T, Takahashi S, Shirai T. · 2011
Researchers exposed male Sprague-Dawley rats to a 1.95 GHz W-CDMA signal for 5 hours per day, 7 days a week for 5 weeks at whole-body SARs of 0.4 and 0.08 W/kg. There were no differences in body weight gain or weights of the testis, epididymis, seminal vesicles, and prostate among the groups. The number of sperm in the testis and epididymis were not decreased in the EMF exposed groups, and the testicular sperm count was significantly increased with the 0.4 SAR. Abnormalities of sperm motility or morphology and the histological appearance of seminiferous tubules, including the stage of the spermatogenic cycle, were not observed. Thus, under the present exposure conditions, no testicular toxicity was evident.
Divan HA, Kheifets L, Olsen J · 2011
Researchers used data from the Danish National Birth Cohort to examine prenatal cell phone use and developmental milestone delays in offspring up to 18 months of age. At 6 months the adjusted odds ratio for cognitive/language delay was 0.8 (95% CI 0.7-1.0) and for motor delay was 0.9 (95% CI 0.8-1.1). At 18 months the adjusted odds ratio for cognitive/language delay was 1.1 (95% CI 0.9-1.3) and for motor delay was 0.9 (95% CI 0.8-1.0). The researchers observed no evidence of an association and dose-response associations were also null.
Meo SA et al. · 2011
Forty male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: a control group of eight, a group exposed for 30 minutes/day, and a group exposed for 60 minutes/day for a total period of 3 months. Testicular morphological changes were examined under a light microscope. The 60-minute exposure group showed 18.75% hypospermatogenesis and 18.75% maturation arrest compared to controls, while the 30-minute group showed no abnormal findings.
