Kaneda E, Kawai T, Okamura Y, Miyagawa S · 2025
Researchers investigated the effects of moderate static magnetic fields on Kv channels in sympathetic neuron-like PC12 cells. After 18 hours of exposure, Kv channel current density was significantly lower in the exposed group, and the effect persisted after magnet removal. RNA sequencing identified 37 SMF-sensitive genes, and gene expression changes suggested pathways inhibiting neuronal excitability may be more likely activated.
Abdel Rahman GAN, Mohamed AF · 2025
Exposure of senile, adult, and young rats to cellular EMF increased ROS and MDA and decreased SOD. Avocado administration customized the oxidative stress changes, and EMF-avocado groups showed almost normalization of oxidative stress compared with controls. Apoptosis and necrosis were highest in senile rats, followed by young and adult rats, while parotid gland tissue resisted EMF effects.
Xiang Y, Xu L, Sun Y, Hu C, Lv L · 2025
Özyılmaz C et al. · 2025
Unknown authors · 2025
Temperature was the dominant factor, with optimal development at 30–32 °C. RF exposure at 18 GHz accelerated development at intermediate temperatures, but extreme RF and suboptimal temperatures prolonged development. Aedes aegypti was more sensitive to temperature changes than Aedes albopictus.
Zhang M et al. · 2025
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers exposed rats to 1800 MHz EMF for 12 weeks, 10 minutes four times daily, while control rats were kept in standard conditions. Exposed rats had elevated corticosterone and decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, which persisted for two weeks after EMF exposure stopped. Exposure also decreased sperm motility and viability and increased anxiety in the rats. The authors concluded that 1800 MHz EMF may affect endocrine status, behavior, and reproductive functions, but hormonal disorders appear reversible.
Unknown authors · 2025
Ma S, Li S, Wang H, Li Y, Lu C, Li X · 2025
The researchers characterized neuronal morphology using the relative ratio of cytosol to protruding membrane area. Terahertz radiation caused a decrease in this membrane area ratio starting on the first day and persisting through the end of exposure. The radiation also changed neuronal discharge patterns by lowering inter-cluster discharge frequency and action potential amplitude while increasing intra-cluster discharge, and it raised the peak of postsynaptic currents.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers used whole-cell patch-clamp recordings to demonstrate that 42.5 THz terahertz irradiation increased both the frequency and amplitude of NMDAR-mediated mEPSCs. The effect was linked to calcium currents. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that the terahertz photons resonated with carboxyl groups at the calcium binding site, increasing calcium permeability and enhancing the currents.
Unknown authors · 2025
Seventy-eight young adults aged 17 to 24 years were recruited, completed a validated questionnaire on phone usage, were grouped by duration of use, and underwent pure tone audiometry. Mild to moderate hearing loss was evident in all three usage groups at 250 Hz, 500 Hz, and 1000 Hz. Hearing loss was more evident in individuals who used phones for more than 30 minutes per day for five years continuously compared to those with shorter use. Significant hearing loss was found in 4G phone users compared to 5G users at 250 Hz and 500 Hz but not at frequencies between 1000 Hz and 8000 Hz, particularly in the left ear. Ear dominance did not play a significant role in influencing hearing loss.
Sun L et al. · 2025
Researchers exposed rats sequentially to 2.8 GHz and 9.3 GHz microwaves at an average power density of 10 mW/cm². Morris water maze tests showed that exposure significantly increased average escape latency at 1 and 3 days post-exposure, indicating reduced learning and memory. Cognitive function and hippocampal structure returned to normal by 28 days after exposure.
Li J et al. · 2025
Researchers exposed human umbilical vein endothelial cells to terahertz irradiation at 2.52 THz and 100 mW/cm2. The irradiation did not alter proliferation but significantly enhanced angiogenic capacity. VEGF levels increased in the culture supernatant, and cytoskeleton-associated genes PDXP and SH3BP1 were upregulated. Intracellular calcium concentration markedly increased, and diltiazem mitigated the angiogenic enhancement.
Zhou H et al. · 2025
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers exposed newborn male Drosophila melanogaster to 3.5 GHz RF-EMF at 0.1, 1, and 10 W/m2 continuously throughout their life cycle in constant darkness. Metabolomic analysis after long-term exposure revealed disruptions in four metabolic pathways and 34 differential metabolites. Key metabolites including GABA, glucose-6-phosphate, AMP, N-formylglycinamide nucleotide, LPC, and MG showed significant decreases. The authors suggest that long-term electromagnetic wave treatment may reduce overall metabolic levels in fruit flies.
Wang X et al. · 2025
Wang J et al. · 2025
Researchers exposed male mice to 2.45 GHz RF-EMR at 2.5 W/m2 for 8 weeks, which induced ferroptosis and oxidative stress in testicular tissue and reduced sperm quality. Melatonin administration reduced the oxidative damage and ferroptosis in the testes of exposed mice. The protective effect was mediated by melatonin stimulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway through MT1/MT2 receptors, inhibiting ROS production and ferroptosis.
Pachhapure S, Mufida A, Wei Q, Choi J-S, Jang B-C · 2025
The exposure reduced surviving cells, increased DNA fragmentation and ROS levels, and altered phosphorylation of JNK-1/2, p38 MAPK, ERK-1/2, eIF-2α, and procaspase-9. PDRN effectively countered these effects by inhibiting the activation of JNK-1/2, p38 MAPK, and caspase-9, and the production of ROS, although it did not affect eIF-2 phosphorylation. The study is the first to report that PDRN protects against 3.5 GHz EMF-induced toxicities in BV2 microglial cells, mediated primarily by modulating ROS, JNK-1/2, p38 MAPK, and caspase-9.
Miao X et al. · 2025
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers conducted a systematic review using the PRISMA flowchart to evaluate 2'-fucosyllactose as a therapy for necrotizing enterocolitis. After screening 133 titles and abstracts and reviewing 55 full texts, five studies were selected for comprehensive analysis. The review found that 2'-fucosyllactose, a human milk oligosaccharide, has advantageous impacts on the host immune system and digestive tract. Human milk oligosaccharides have been shown to boost immunological response to vaccinations, influence gut microbiota composition, and enhance expression of genes related to gut function.
Unknown authors · 2025
Bhandari M et al. · 2025
Bektas H, Bese Akgun BB, Cakir S, Dogu S, Ahnas B · 2025
Bijlsma N, Conduit R, Kennedy G, Cohen M · 2024
Zhou J et al. · 2024
Researchers used 24 Sprague Dawley rats, including 16 aged rats divided into an aged control group and a PEMF treatment group, and 8 young rats as a positive control. The PEMF group received 12 weeks of treatment at 40 minutes per day, five days per week, while the other groups received a placebo exposure. PEMF increased bone mineral density of the proximal femur and L5 vertebral body and improved microarchitecture parameters of the proximal tibia and L4 vertebral body. PEMF also decreased serum CTX-1 and increased serum P1CP, indicating a reversal of aging-induced bone turnover. In addition, PEMF suppressed NLRP3, proCaspase1, cleaved Caspase1, IL-1β, and GSDMD-N levels in bone marrow, showing inhibition of NLRP3-mediated inflammation.
