Unknown authors · 2000
The study was a case-control study of women living within 300 meters of transmission lines in Sweden. For occupational exposure over 0.25 microtesla, the relative risk of breast cancer was 1.0 with a 96% confidence interval of 0.6 to 1.7. Women under 50 had a relative risk of 1.5, and those with estrogen receptor-positive tumors had a relative risk of 3.2, though confidence intervals were wide.
Unknown authors · 2000
Researchers measured personal magnetic field exposure, ambient light, and excretion of the melatonin metabolite 6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate over three consecutive workdays in electric utility workers. Men working more than two hours daily in substation and three-phase environments showed a magnetic field-dependent reduction in adjusted mean nocturnal and post-work metabolite levels, while those working two hours or less showed no effect. No changes were observed in men working in single-phase environments.
Unknown authors · 2000
The researchers conducted a large case-control study of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and electric-power-line wire codes. They examined internal evidence to assess whether selection bias or confounding affected the findings. Excluding 107 partial participants increased the odds ratio for very high current configurations by 23%, and similar but slightly smaller increases were seen with direct magnetic field measurements. Partial participants had lower socioeconomic status than full participants, suggesting possible selection bias, while confounding adjustments changed the odds ratio by less than 8% individually and at most 15% simultaneously.
Unknown authors · 2000
Researchers conducted a nested case-control study of male electric utility workers examining suicide mortality in relation to estimated exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields. The study included 536 suicide deaths and 5,348 controls, with exposure classified by jobs with increased magnetic field exposure and cumulative exposure indices from a measurement survey. Suicide mortality was increased for work in exposed jobs and with magnetic field exposure indices, with increased odds ratios for electricians (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.25 to 3.80) and linemen (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.14) and a decreased odds ratio for power plant operators (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.33 to 1.40).
Unknown authors · 2000
The researcher studied the incidence of central nervous system diseases in 30,631 persons employed in Danish utility companies between 1900 and 1993, linked the cohort to the Danish National Register of Patients and compared cases from 1978 to 1993 with general population rates, and fitted a multiplicative Poisson regression model to estimated 50-Hz electromagnetic field exposure levels. Overall there was an increase in risk for senile dementia and motor neuron diseases combined, while Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, and other central nervous system diseases were essentially unrelated to exposure. A decreased risk of epilepsy compared with the general population probably reflects a healthy worker effect, but internal comparisons showed an increased risk of epilepsy.
Unknown authors · 2000
Researchers conducted a pooled analysis based on individual records from nine studies. The analysis included 3203 children with leukaemia and 10 338 control children with estimated residential magnetic field exposures levels < 0.4 μT, and 44 children with leukaemia and 62 control children with exposures ≥ 0.4 μT. For exposures ≥ 0.4 μT the estimated summary relative risk was 2.00 (1.27–3.13), P value = 0.002, while for exposures < 0.4 μT risk estimates were near the no effect level. Adjustment for potential confounding variables did not appreciably change the results. No evidence was found for a wire-code paradox; the highest wire code category showed a relative risk of 1.24 (0.82–1.87).
Unknown authors · 2000
Researchers conducted a case-cohort analysis using a refined magnetic field job-exposure matrix, selecting 164 leukemia deaths, 145 brain cancer deaths, and a random subcohort of 800 men from the original cohort. Magnetic field exposure was unrelated to leukemia mortality. Brain cancer mortality was positively associated with magnetic field exposure, with risk ratios of 1.8 and 2.5 in the highest cumulative and average exposure categories. Improvements in exposure assignment through job title regrouping had little impact on the measured associations for either cancer.
Unknown authors · 2000
Schilling CJ · 2000
The study investigated effects of exposure to very high frequency radiofrequency radiation on six antenna engineers in two separate incidents. The first incident occurred in 1995 and the second in 1996. Six men were likely accidentally exposed to high levels of VHF radiofrequency radiation at 100 MHz while working on transmission masts, with four men in one incident and two in another. They experienced symptoms and signs including headache, paresthesiae, diarrhea, malaise, and lassitude. The condition of four men, two from each incident likely to have had the highest exposure, showed no significant improvement.
Wagner P et al. · 2000
Researchers aimed to investigate human sleep EEG under pulsed radio frequency electromagnetic fields using polysomnographies with submaximal high power flux densities. They applied a submaximal power flux density of 50 W/m(2). All-night polysomnographies were recorded from 20 healthy male subjects with and without exposure to a circularly polarized EMF at 900 MHz pulsed at 217 Hz with 577 microsecond pulse duration. The results showed no significant effect of the field application on conventional sleep parameters or sleep EEG power spectra.
Schuz J, Mann S · 2000
Researchers conducted a feasibility study to test whether short-term electric field measurements, calculated field strengths, or distance from base stations could serve as exposure metrics for radiowaves. Measurements showed electric field strengths from base stations between 0.012 and 0.343 V/m, though broadcast radio and television transmitters often produced stronger signals. The study concluded that population-level studies on health effects are not feasible because no valid metric exists for estimating historical exposures.
Oftedal G, Wilen J, Sandstrom M, Mild KH · 2000
Thirty-one percent of Norwegian respondents and 13% of Swedish respondents reported at least one symptom associated with mobile phone use. The most common symptoms were sensations of warmth on or behind the ear, burning sensations in the facial skin, and headaches. Most symptoms began during or within half an hour after the call and lasted for up to two hours. Relatively few participants consulted a physician or took sick leave, but about 45% of those with symptoms took steps to reduce them, and the authors concluded that the results suggest awareness of the symptoms but not necessarily a serious health problem.
Muscat JE et al. · 2000
Researchers conducted a case-control study in five US academic medical centers between 1994 and 1998 using a structured questionnaire, enrolling 469 adults with primary brain cancer and 422 matched controls. The median monthly hours of use were 2.5 for cases and 2.2 for controls, and the multivariate odds ratio for regular use was 0.85 (95% CI, 0.6-1.2). No association was observed according to duration of use (P = .54), and cerebral tumors occurred more often on the same side as phone use (26 vs 15 cases; P = .06) while temporal lobe tumors showed the opposite pattern (9 vs 5 cases; P = .33).
Morgan RW et al. · 2000
Researchers conducted a large cohort mortality study among 195,775 Motorola employees from 1976 to 1996, classifying workers into high, moderate, low, and background radiofrequency exposure groups. Standardized mortality ratios for radiofrequency-exposed workers were 0.53 for brain cancers and 0.54 for lymphomas and leukemias. Internal rate ratios were near 1.0 for brain cancers and below 1.0 for lymphomas and leukemias, with no increased risk seen with longer exposure duration or latency. The findings were consistent across different exposure classifications and did not support an association between occupational radiofrequency exposure and these cancers.
Maes A, Collier M, Verschaeve L · 2000
Researchers exposed human lymphocytes to 455.7 MHz microwaves from a car phone at a specific absorption rate of approximately 6.5 W/kg. No statistically significant difference was found between microwave-exposed and unexposed control samples for chromosome aberration or sister chromatid exchange frequency. When microwave exposure was followed by MMC treatment, some differences appeared between combined and MMC-only treatments, but results were inconsistent. Combined exposure with X-rays showed no indication of synergistic action between RF fields and X-rays. The authors concluded that the data do not support the hypothesis that RF fields act synergistically with chemical or physical mutagens.
Kompis M, Negri S, Hausler R. · 2000
The study aimed to investigate electromagnetic interference of bone-anchored hearing aids by cellular phones. In a survey of 13 patients with experience of digital cellular phones, 11 reported hearing annoying noises and no other sensations such as dizziness were described. A case report described a woman who experienced dizziness, a loud buzzing sound, and head pressure while examining a digital mobile phone, and a subsequent experiment reproduced the buzzing as electromagnetic interference between the BAHA and digital cellular phones. Seventeen adult BAHA users from the clinic participated in a subsequent survey.
Hietanen M, Sibakov V, Hallfors S, von Nandelstadh P · 2000
The research evaluated possibilities to use different types of mobile telephones in the hospital environment by testing disturbances in medical equipment caused by radiofrequency fields from the phones. The Finnish Institute of Occupational Health carried out the research with the Technical Research Centre of Finland, focusing on equipment at Maria Hospital in Helsinki.
Hietanen M, Kovala T, Hamalainen AM · 2000
Researchers analyzed EEG activity of 19 volunteers exposed to five different cellular phones operating at 900 MHz or 1800 MHz. Each subject completed six 30-minute experiments including one sham exposure, with real exposure lasting 20 minutes. Exposure to one phone caused a statistically significant change in absolute delta power, but relative delta power did not change and no effects were seen with other phones. The authors concluded that the observed difference was likely due to chance and that radiofrequency fields from cellular phones have no abnormal effects on EEG activity.
Bornhausen M, Scheingraber H · 2000
Vijayalaxmi, Leal BZ, Szilagyi M, Prihoda TJ, Meltz ML · 2000
Human peripheral blood samples from three volunteers were exposed to pulsed-wave 2450 MHz radiofrequency radiation for 2 hours. The exposure used a net forward power of 21 W with an average power density of 5 mW/cm2 and a mean specific absorption rate of 2.135 W/kg. DNA damage was measured using the alkaline comet assay immediately and 4 hours after exposure. No significant differences were found in comet tail length, fluorescence intensity, or tail moment between RF-exposed and sham-exposed lymphocytes at either time point. The response of lymphocytes exposed to ionizing radiation was significantly different from RF-radiation- and sham-exposed cells.
Richter E, Berman T, Ben-Michael E, Laster R, Westin JB · 2000
Pereira C, Edwards M · 2000
The study aimed to examine parotid nodular fasciitis in a mobile phone user. The authors report the first case of nodular fasciitis affecting the deep lobe of the parotid gland in a 39-year-old male telephone engineer.
Lourencini da Silva R et al. · 2000
Researchers exposed SnCl2-treated pBR322 plasmids to EMF and analyzed conformational changes using agarose gel electrophoresis. EMF exposure increased DNA scission, seen as relaxed plasmids. Plasmids pre-exposed to EMF were less able to transform E. coli. The authors concluded that EMF in the presence of a transition metal can cause DNA damage.
Krause CM et al. · 2000
Researchers examined the effects of electromagnetic fields from cellular phones on event-related desynchronization and synchronization responses in four EEG frequency bands during cognitive processing. Twenty-four subjects performed a visual sequential letter task with three working memory load conditions both with and without exposure to a digital 902 MHz EMF in counterbalanced order. The presence of EMF altered the ERD/ERS responses in the 6-8 and 8-10 Hz frequency bands but only when examined as a function of memory load and depending on whether the stimulus was a target.
Krause CM et al. · 2000
Researchers studied the effects of cellular phone EMF on EEG frequency bands in 16 normal subjects performing an auditory memory task. All subjects completed the memory task with and without exposure to a digital 902 MHz EMF in counterbalanced order. EMF exposure significantly increased EEG power in the 8-10 Hz frequency band only. EMF presence altered ERD/ERS responses across all studied frequency bands depending on time and memory task phase.
