EMF Research Studies

Davis C, Elson E, Ning J, Swicord M

Unknown authors · 1992

Magnetic field-induced changes in specific gene transcription

Unknown authors · 1992

Researchers used a nuclear run-off assay to measure specific gene transcription in CEM-CM3 T-lymphoblastoid cells exposed to a 1 gauss, 60 Hz sinusoidal magnetic field for 15 to 120 minutes. They observed time-dependent and cell density-dependent changes in the transcription of c-fos, c-jun, c-myc, and protein kinase C beta-form. Slot-blot analysis showed that changes in transcript levels paralleled the changes in gene transcription.

Electromagnetic field effects on cells of the immune system: the role of calcium signaling, FASEB J. 1992 Oct;6(13):3177-85

Unknown authors · 1992

Modification of membrane fluidity in melanin-containing cells by low-level microwave radiation.

Phelan AM, Lange DG, Kues HA, Lutty GA · 1992

Researchers exposed B16 melanoma cells to 2.45-GHz pulsed microwaves at 10 mW/cm² for 1 hour and measured membrane ordering using electron paramagnetic resonance. The exposure shifted the cell membrane from a more fluid-like phase to a more solid, ordered state. Similar membrane ordering occurred in melanin-reconstituted liposomes, but not in amelanotic cells or liposomes without melanin. Superoxide dismutase inhibited the microwave-induced ordering, implicating oxygen radicals as a cause.

Resonance effect of microwaves on the genome conformational state of E. coli cells.

Belyaev IYa, Alipov YD, Shcheglov VS, Lystsov VN · 1992

Researchers studied the effect of low-intensity microwaves on the conformational state of the genome of X-irradiated E. coli cells using the method of viscosity anomalous time dependencies. The frequency dependence of the observed effect had a resonance nature within the ranges of 51.62-51.84 GHz and 41.25-41.50 GHz, with a resonance half-width of the order of 100 MHz. A power density of 1 microW/cm2 was sufficient to suppress radiation-induced repair of the genome conformational state, across a tested range of 0.1-200 microW/cm2.

Cytogenetic effects of pulsing electromagnetic fields on human lymphocytes in vitro: Chromosome aberrations, sister-chromatid exchanges and cell kinetics

Unknown authors · 1991

Transcription and translation in cells exposed to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields

Goodman R, Shirley-Henderson A · 1991

Researchers exposed dipteran salivary gland cells and human cells to low frequency electromagnetic fields and measured a pronounced increase in transcription. The increase in mRNA levels is most likely due to an increased rate of transcription. Frequency, field strength, and time dependent windows were observed for quantitative changes in specific transcripts. Genes not normally expressed were unaffected by the exposure. Changes in overall protein synthetic patterns also occurred.

Altered restriction patterns of microwave irradiated lambdaphage DNA.

Unknown authors · 1991

Researchers exposed lambda phage DNA to short pulses of microwave irradiation and then digested it with Eco RI and Bam HI restriction enzymes. Eco RI digestion of microwaved DNA yielded three extra fragments between 24,226 and 7,421 base pairs in addition to the six expected fragments. Bam HI digestion produced no extra fragments but showed slower fragment mobility and broader bands compared to native DNA.

Absence of a synergistic effect between moderate-power radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation and adriamycin on cell-cycle progression and sister-chromatid exchange.

Ciaravino V, Meltz ML, Erwin DN · 1991

Researchers exposed Chinese hamster ovary cells to adriamycin and pulsed RFR at 2,450 MHz and 33.8 W/Kg for 2 h. The maximal temperature in the tissue-culture medium was 39.7 +/- 0.2 degrees C. The experiments were controlled for chemical and RFR exposures as well as for temperature. Verified statistically, the data indicate that the RFR did not affect changes in cell progression caused by adriamycin and did not change the number of sister chromatid exchanges induced by adriamycin.

Effect of chronic microwave radiation on T cell-mediated immunity in the rabbit.

Nageswari KS et al. · 1991

Researchers exposed fourteen male Belgian white rabbits to microwave radiation at 5 mW/cm2, 2.1 GHz, three hours daily, six days a week for three months, while seven rabbits received sham exposure for the same duration. Significant suppression of T lymphocyte numbers was found in the microwave group at two months and during follow-up. Despite lower T lymphocyte counts in the blood, no significant variation was observed in tissue T lymphocyte counts, and a functional immune response test showed no impairment.

Neoplastic transformation of C3H/10T1/2 cells following exposure to 120-Hz modulated 2.45-GHz microwaves and phorbol ester tumor promoter.

Balcer-Kubiczek EK, Harrison GH. · 1991

Researchers exposed actively growing cultures of C3H/10T1/2 cells for 24 hours to 2.45-GHz microwaves pulse-modulated at 120 Hz. The electromagnetic fields alone had no effect on cell survival or induction of neoplastic transformation. When combined with the tumor promoter TPA, the enhancement of transformation was highly significant and ranged up to a level equivalent to that produced by 1.5 Gy of X rays. The frequency of neoplastic transformation was dependent on the level of electromagnetic exposure and was additive with doses of X rays given as a cocarcinogen.

The relationship between colony-forming ability, chromosome aberrations and incidence of micronuclei in V79 Chinese hamster cells exposed to microwave radiation.

Garaj-Vrhovac V, Horvat D, Koren Z · 1991

Exposure of frog hearts to CW or amplitude-modulated VHF fields: selective efflux of calcium ions at 16 Hz.

Schwartz JL, House DE, Mealing GA · 1990

Influence of radiofrequency radiation on chromosome aberrations in CHO cells and its interaction with DNA-damaging agents.

Kerbacher JJ, Meltz ML, Erwin DN, · 1990

Microwave irradiation of rats at 2.45 GHz activates pinocytotic-like uptake of tracer by capillary endothelial cells of cerebral cortex.

Neubauer C, Phelan AM, Kues H, Lange DG · 1990

Researchers exposed male albino rats to 2.45-GHz microwaves with 10-microseconds pulses at 100 pps. Exposure at 10 mW/cm2 for 30 to 120 minutes increased tracer uptake through the blood-brain barrier. The uptake depended on both power density and exposure duration. At 5 mW/cm2, a 15-minute exposure had no effect. Pretreating rats with colchicine nearly completely blocked the microwave-induced uptake.

The effect of microwave radiation on the cell genome

Garaj-Vrhovac V, Horvat D, Koren Z · 1990

Researchers exposed cultured V79 Chinese hamster cells to continuous microwave radiation at 7.7 GHz and a power density of 30 mW/cm2 for 15, 30, and 60 minutes. The study measured the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA and the frequency of chromosome aberrations. Inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation occurred through complete prevention of DNA from entering into the S phase, and the normal rate of incorporation recovered within one generation cycle of V79 cells. Compared with control samples, irradiated cells showed a higher frequency of specific chromosome lesions.

Microwave effects on acetylcholine-induced channels in cultured chick myotubes.

D’Inzeo, G et al · 1988

Researchers experimentally analyzed the behavior of cultured myotubes from chick embryos exposed to microwaves. During exposure to low-power microwaves, the frequency of acetylcholine-activated single channel openings decreased and the acetylcholine-induced total current showed a faster falling phase. Channel open time and conductance were not affected by microwave irradiation.

Microwave effects on plasmid DNA

Unknown authors · 1987

Purified plasmid DNA was exposed to microwave radiation at nonthermal levels in the frequency range from 2.00 to 8.75 GHz. The exposure produced single- and double-strand breaks detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. Microwave-induced DNA damage depended on the presence of small amounts of copper. The effect was dependent on both microwave power and exposure duration. Cuprous ions, but not cupric ions, mimicked the microwave effects on DNA.

DNA structural changes caused by microwave radiation

Unknown authors · 1986

The article was published in Int J Radiat Biol Relat Stud Phys Chem Med in July 1986. The authors are Sagripanti JL and Swicord ML. The title indicates DNA structural changes caused by microwave radiation.

Increase in φX174 DNA Radiation Sensitivity Due to Electric Fields

Percival D. McCormack, Charles E. Swenberg · 1985

Radiofrequency radiation and the immune system. Part 3. In vitro effects on human immunoglobulin and on murine T- and B-lymphocytes

Robert P. Liburdy, Alan Wyant · 1984

Researchers exposed human serum to a 10 MHz electric field during liquid gel chromatography and murine spleen lymphocytes to 2500MHz RFR during immunoaffinity cell chromatography. The 10 MHz exposure accelerated elution of IgM, IgA, and IgG fractions, with the IgG peak shifting from approximately 165 ml to 150 ml. The 2500MHz RFR exposure caused premature elution of 19 per cent of the Ig* (B-cell) population, indicating an alteration of Ig binding. No measurable heating occurred; the gel media temperature remained at 25-00 +0-05°C and temperature excursions in excess of +0-05°C were not observed.

INDUCTION OF CALCIUM-ION EFFLUX FROM BRAIN TISSUE BY RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION: EFFECT OF SAMPLE NUMBER AND MODULATION FREQUENCY ON THE FIELD-STRENGTH WINDOW

C. F. Blackman et al. · 1980

Researchers exposed brain tissue from chicks to 147-MHz radiation amplitude modulated at 16 Hz or 9 Hz for 20 minutes. Control exposures to unmodulated carrier at 0.83 nW/cm² and to zero field-strength produced no significant differences between exposed and sham groups. Temperature control experiments showed efflux was 9% lower at 32°C and 15% higher at 41°C compared to 37°C.

ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF CELLS: PRINCIPLES, SOME RECENT RESULTS AND SOME UNRESOLVED PROBLEMS

Herman P. Schwan · 1980

A Theoretical Basis for Microwave and RF Field Effects on Excitable Cellular Membranes

Charles A. Cain · 1980

Thermal Aspects of Electromagnetic Field Interactions with Bound Calcium Ions at the Nerve Cell Surface

T. S. Tenforde · 1980