Browse 6,486 peer-reviewed studies on electromagnetic field health effects from 4 research libraries.
Showing 653 studies (Cell Studies)
Unknown authors · 2022
EMF exposure increased cell viability compared with control, while zinc co-treatment reduced viability relative to EMF alone. EMF also significantly raised NF-κB and DNMT activities, and zinc supplementation significantly lowered these activities compared with EMF alone.
Unknown authors · 2022
Unknown authors · 2022
Researchers exposed human HEK293 cultured cells to a 1.8 GHz carrier frequency at amplitudes typical of household telecommunications. ROS concentrations increased significantly after 15 minutes of exposure and were localized to both nuclear and cytosolic compartments. qPCR analysis revealed altered gene expression of anti-oxidative enzymes SOD, GPX, and CAT, and oxidative enzyme Nox-2. Multiple genes responsive to static magnetic fields were also regulated by RF, suggesting common response mechanisms. Many RF effects showed evidence of hormesis with biphasic dose-response curves and blind spots at certain amplitudes.
Mustafa E, Luukkonen J, Makkonen J, Naarala J · 2021
The researchers investigated the effects of 50 Hz extremely low-frequency magnetic fields on circadian gene expression, DNA damage signaling, and DNA repair after bleomycin treatment. Murine FDC-P1 hematopoietic cells were exposed to 200 μT magnetic fields for 15 minutes, 2 hours, 12 hours, or 24 hours. Immediate DNA damage was measured with a comet assay and circadian rhythm gene expression with real-time PCR. Circadian rhythm-related genes were upregulated after 12 hours and downregulated after 24 hours of exposure, but core circadian genes were not affected. The repair rate for bleomycin-induced DNA damage decreased only after 24 hours of magnetic field exposure.
Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers exposed human gastric adenocarcinoma cells (AGS) and normal fibroblasts (Hu02) to discontinuous magnetic flux densities of 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 millitesla for 18 hours. Cell viability was measured with an MTT assay and gene expression was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Tumor cell viability decreased while normal cell viability increased, and NOTCH1 was down-regulated in tumor cells and up-regulated in normal cells at all flux densities. The expression changes of NOTCH1 depended on the magnetic flux density.
Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers exposed T98 and A172 glioblastoma cells to 50 Hz, 70 G electromagnetic fields combined with temozolomide. The combination enhanced cell death and decreased migration potential in both cell lines. The treatment also increased p53 gene expression, decreased cyclin-D1 protein, and led to MGMT protein expression in T98 cells but not in A172 cells.
Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers screened 22 ELF-PEMFs and identified two fields, A and B, with similar fundamental frequencies but different pulse patterns that diversely affected macrophage function. Macrophages exposed to field A showed pro-inflammatory markers such as increased phospho-Stat1, CD86, ROS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Macrophages exposed to field B showed anti-inflammatory and pro-healing markers including increased Arginase I, anti-inflammatory cytokines, and growth factors. Conditioned medium from field B-exposed macrophages enhanced stem cell migration more strongly than field A and stimulated extracellular matrix gene expression in stem cells.
Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers compared the impact of different EMF flux densities in human leukemic THP1 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy donors. ROS levels increased in THP1 cells stimulated with LPS after one hour of EMF exposure, weak EMF mitigated NAD(P)H depletion in THP1, and neither effect occurred in PBMC. Transcriptional analysis revealed elevation of anti-oxidative enzymes PRDX6 (2-fold) and DHCR24 (6-fold) in THP1, and a 6-fold increase in IL10 expression indicating anti-inflammatory effects. THP1 responded to weak EMF, while PBMC were primarily affected by strong EMF with severe cellular stress and enhanced apoptosis indicated by HSP70 and caspase 3.
Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers exposed primary hippocampal neurons from C57BL/6 mice and Neuro2a cells to 1,800 MHz RF-EMR at a specific absorption rate (SAR) value of 4 W/kg for 48 h. Exposure to 1,800 MHz RF-EMR for 24, 48, and 72 h at 4 W/kg did not influence cell viability. The neurite length, primary and secondary neurite numbers, and branch points of primary mouse hippocampal neurons were significantly impaired by 48-h RF-EMR exposure. The neurite-bearing cell percentage and neurite length of Neuro2a cells were also inhibited by 48-h RF-EMR exposure.
Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers exposed primary human brain cultures at day 7 to 64 MHz electromagnetic fields for one hour daily over 14 days. This treatment significantly lowered secreted Aβ40 and Aβ42 peptide levels compared to untreated cultures. Similar reductions were also observed with one or two hours of daily exposure over 14 days, and with 4 or 8 days of exposure in cultures at a later stage. The minimum specific absorption rate needed for a biological effect was 0.4 W/kg. Exposure did not cause cellular toxicity or change sAPPα levels, indicating the Aβ reduction was not due to a shift to the α-secretase pathway.
Zeni O, Romeo S, Sannino A, Palumbo R, Scarfì MR · 2021
Researchers exposed SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to 1950 MHz radiofrequency fields. Medium from the exposed cells reduced menadione-induced DNA damage in recipient non-exposed cells (P<0.05, comet assay). Direct exposure to the same RF conditions also reduced DNA damage (P<0.05) and increased extracellular hsp70 without changing intracellular hsp70.
Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers exposed human A172 glioblastoma cells to 1800 MHz continuous-wave or GSM-modulated RF fields at 2.0 W/kg for 5, 30, or 240 minutes with or without serum. They measured phosphorylated and total signal transduction proteins and antioxidant proteins using multiplex bead arrays. In serum-containing cultures, continuous-wave exposure decreased CAT expression after 30 minutes, total JNK at 30 and 240 minutes, STAT3 after 240 minutes, and phosphorylated CREB after 30 minutes. In serum-free cultures, GSM-modulated exposure decreased total STAT5 after 30 and 240 minutes. The authors concluded that the observed changes were sporadic across conditions and likely false positives, with no consistent evidence of changes in antioxidant or signal transduction proteins.
Unknown authors · 2020
The researchers designed a coil to generate vortex magnetic fields and tested their effect on amyloid β aggregation and on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Amyloid β exposed to vortex magnetic field for 24 hours showed about 86% less fibril formation than controls. Vortex magnetic field stimulation also reduced amyloid β fibril cytotoxicity and increased viability of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.
Unknown authors · 2020
Researchers exposed AGS cells to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields at different flux densities for 18 hours, both continuously and discontinuously. They used real-time PCR to measure changes in c-Myc and circ-CCDC66 expression. Discontinuous magnetic fields reduced c-Myc expression. Continuous exposure at 0.25 mT also reduced c-Myc expression, but higher flux densities increased it. circ-CCDC66 expression decreased under both continuous and discontinuous exposure.
Unknown authors · 2020
Unknown authors · 2020
Ashta A , Motalleb G , Ahmadi-Zeidabadi M · 2020
Researchers investigated the effects of a 10 Hz, 50 G frequency magnetic field, a 50 G static magnetic field, and 200 μm temozolomide on viability, free radical production, and p53 expression in human A172 glioblastoma cells. The combination of temozolomide with both magnetic fields increased cytotoxicity, free radical production, and p53 gene and protein expression.
Unknown authors · 2020
Researchers comprehensively assessed the impact of technologically relevant wEMF modulations on genome integrity in cultured human cells, examining cell type, time, and dose dependencies. Classical and advanced genetic toxicology and DNA repair methods were used, with key experiments replicated in two separate laboratories. No conclusive evidence of DNA damage induction or changes in DNA repair capacity was found after exposure to GSM, UMTS, WiFi, and RFID modulations.
Unknown authors · 2020
Unknown authors · 2020
Unknown authors · 2020
Unknown authors · 2020
Researchers found that exposure to the cell phone alters the growth and maturation rate of murine ovarian follicle. This effect occurred through changes in the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 genes.
Unknown authors · 2020
Researchers exposed N9 microglial and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to ELF-modulated 935 MHz RF-EMF at 4 W/kg for 2 and 24 hours. Exposure for 24 hours increased the autophagy marker ATG5, but did not change LC3B-I, LC3B-II, or pERK in either cell type. A transient increase in glutathione was observed only in SH-SY5Y cells, while hydrogen peroxide and cytochrome c oxidase were unaffected. Apoptosis, living cell number, and apoptosis-inducing factor were not altered by exposure at either duration.
Unknown authors · 2020
Bektas H, Dasdag S, Bektas MS · 2020