Kunt H et al. · 2016
Researchers measured bone mineral density, thyroid hormones, and oxidative stress markers in electrical workers and controls. Bone mineral density of the lumbar vertebrae and femur was significantly lower in the exposed workers. Serum ALP, phosphor, RANK, RANKL, TOS, OSI, and left thyroid lobe diameter were higher, while OPG, TAS, and FT4 were lower in the exposed group.
Uskalova DV, Igolkina YV, Sarapultseva EI. · 2016
Researchers analyzed morphofunctional disorders in Spirostomum ambiguum protozoa after 30-, 60-, and 360-min exposure to a 1 GHz electromagnetic field at an energy flow density of 50 μW/cm(2) using intravital computer morphometry. Significant disorders in morphometric values correlated with low mobility of the protozoa. The results suggested using intravital computer morphometry on protozoa for early diagnosis of radiation-induced effects of mobile communication electromagnetic fields, for example low mobility of spermatozoa.
Wyszkowska J, Shepherd S, Sharkh S, Jackson CW, Newland PL. · 2016
Researchers exposed desert locusts to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields and measured effects on behaviour, physiology, and stress proteins. Exposure above 4 mT led to reduced walking in the locusts. Recordings from the fast extensor tibiae motor neuron showed increased spike latency and a broadening of its spike in exposed animals, hind leg kick force was reduced, and stress-protein levels (Hsp70) increased.
Maes A, Anthonissen R, Wambacq S, Simons K, Verschaeve L. · 2016
Researchers conducted an in vitro cytogenetic laboratory investigation to explore a possible association between extremely low frequency magnetic fields and Alzheimer's disease risk. The study found that 50 Hz ELF-MF increased the frequency of cells with large micronuclei and nuclear buds, suggesting that fields above 50 μT may induce chromosome instabilities like those found in Alzheimer's disease patients. The researchers noted that results from other published experimental studies on ELF-MF and Alzheimer's disease are described as rather reassuring.
Ma Q et al. · 2016
Researchers studied the effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) on embryonic neural stem cells (eNSCs) in the laboratory. Cells were exposed to ELF-EMF at 50 Hz and 1 mT for 4 hours per day over 1, 2, and 3 days. ELF-EMF exposure increased the ratio of differentiated neurons and promoted neurite outgrowth without influencing astrocyte differentiation or cell apoptosis.
Martínez MA, Úbeda A, Moreno J, Trillo MÁ · 2016
Researchers investigated how power frequency magnetic fields affect cell proliferation in NB69 cells and the role of p38 and JNK kinases and reactive oxygen species in that response. NB69 cultures were exposed to a 100 µT magnetic field, either intermittently for 24, 42 or 63 hours, or continuously for periods of 15 to 120 minutes, with or without p38 or JNK inhibitors and an antioxidant. Field exposure induced transient activation of p38, JNK, and ERK1/2, but only the p38 inhibitor blocked the proliferative effect. The antioxidant NAC blocked the field effects on cell proliferation and p38 activation, but not those on ERK1/2 activation.
Akpınar D et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed rats to an electric field at 12 kV/m for 1 hour per day, dividing them into control, prenatal, postnatal, and prenatal-plus-postnatal groups. The mismatch negativity amplitude was decreased in all exposed groups compared with the control group. Levels of 4-HNE, a marker of lipid peroxidation, were significantly increased in the postnatal group compared with the control group, while protein carbonyl levels were significantly decreased in the prenatal-plus-postnatal group compared with the control, prenatal, and postnatal groups.
Yao L, Li Y, Knapp J, Smith P. · 2015
Researchers exposed Schwann cells to an electric field of 100 mV/mm and performed RNA sequencing to compare gene expression with unstimulated cells. They identified 1,045 up-regulated and 1,636 down-regulated genes using a fold-change threshold of 1.2 and a q-value below 0.05. KEGG pathway analysis revealed 21 down-regulated and 10 up-regulated pathways, with differentially expressed genes involved in actin cytoskeleton regulation, focal adhesion, and PI3K-Akt signaling.
Unknown authors · 2015
Researchers exposed HaCaT human keratinocytes to ELF-EMF at 50 Hz and 1 mT and monitored cell cycle, growth, and viability using FACS and BrdU assays. They also measured gene expression changes with microarray and qRT-PCR, and assessed mTOR, Akt, and MAPK protein levels by Western blot. Short ELF-EMF exposure modulated gene expression patterns involved in cell proliferation and the cell cycle, with mTOR activation identified as the main molecular target. The data showed increased PI3K/Akt pathway activity and ERK signaling activation. ELF-EMF selectively modulated multiple genes related to biological processes such as wound healing.
Unknown authors · 2015
Researchers exposed mouse spermatocyte-derived GC-2 cells to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at 1, 2, and 3 mT intermittently for 72 hours. Genome-wide methylation decreased at 1 mT but was higher at 3 mT compared to controls. DNMT1 and DNMT3b expression decreased at 1 mT and increased at 3 mT, while DNMT3a expression was largely unaffected. The researchers also established DNA methylation and gene expression profiling and validated some genes with aberrant methylation and expression at different intensities.
Unknown authors · 2015
De Amicis A et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed human fetal fibroblasts to low-frequency THz radiation (0.1-0.15 THz) using a Compact Free Electron Laser. No DNA damage was detected by Comet assay, H2AX phosphorylation, or telomere length changes. No apoptosis or changes in pro-survival signaling proteins were found. Micronuclei and centromere-positive micronuclei increased, indicating that THz radiation could induce aneugenic effects, not clastogenic effects, probably leading to chromosome loss. Actin polymerization increased, supporting the hypothesis that an abnormal assembly of spindle proteins could lead to the observed chromosomal malsegregation.
Manzella N et al · 2015
Researchers investigated effects of ELF magnetic fields on circadian clock genes in a human fibroblast cell line. An ELF-MF exposure at 0.1 mT and 50 Hz entrained expression of clock genes BMAL1, PER2, PER3, CRY1, and CRY2. ELF-MF treatment also altered circadian clock gene expression previously entrained by serum shock stimulation.
D'Angelo C et al · 2015
Researchers studied MCP-1 expression in HaCaT, SH-SY5Y, THP-1, and K562 cells exposed to a sinusoidal EMF at 50 Hz with a flux density of 1 mT (rms). Preliminary results showed that EMF exposure differently modifies MCP-1 expression in different cell types. The authors state that MCP-1 expression needs to be better determined with additional studies using different parameters and exposure times.
Söderqvist F, Carlberg M, Hardell L · 2015
Researchers conducted a single-blinded randomized counterbalanced study with 24 healthy subjects aged 18–30 years who underwent three exposure conditions. The study tested whether microwaves from an 890-MHz phone-like signal at SAR10G of 2 W/kg and 0.2 W/kg versus sham gave acute effects on brain-shielding barriers using blood serum biomarkers. Over time, statistically significant variations were found for TTR and β-trace protein, but no difference was found between exposure conditions and no interaction between exposure condition and time of blood sampling. The study concluded it failed to show any acute clinically or statistically significant effect of short-term microwave exposure on serum levels of S100β, TTR, and β-trace protein with follow-up limited to two hours.
Kumar G, McIntosh RL, Anderson V, McKenzie RJ, Wood AW. · 2015
The researchers extended a previous study by testing for effects at different SAR levels, both 900 and 1800 MHz, and both continuous wave and pulse modulated RF radiation. Excised long bones from rats were placed in medium and exposed to RF radiation in a transverse electromagnetic cell or a waveguide. Finite-difference time-domain numerical analyses were used to estimate the forward power needed to produce nominal SAR levels of 2/10 and 2.5/12.4 W/kg in the bone marrow. After exposure, lymphoblasts were extracted and assayed for proliferation rate and genotoxicity. No significant changes were observed in the hematopoietic system of rats after exposure to CW/PM wave 900 MHz/1800 MHz RF radiations at different SAR values.
Saghiri MA, Orangi J, Asatourian A, Mehriar P, Sheibani N · 2015
Fifty healthy patients with fixed orthodontic appliances gave saliva samples after a week without using their mobile phones. They then recorded their mobile phone usage for a week and gave a second saliva sample. The study found a significant difference in nickel levels between the control and experimental periods. The amount of nickel released correlated with the duration of mobile phone use.
Paffi A, Apollonio F, Pinto R, Liberti M. · 2015
Previous studies identified train compartments as places where people experience the highest radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure levels, still below international guideline limits. The researchers reproduced a possible train compartment scenario and characterized it both numerically and experimentally. Results showed that higher exposure values in specific positions depend on the number of active cell phones, bad coverage condition, cell orientation, and metallic walls. The study shows the scenario-based approach may efficiently support individual electromagnetic exposure assessment. Good agreement was found between simulated electric field distributions and measurements.
Huang D et al. · 2015
Researchers conducted combined in vivo and in vitro testing to investigate interference from GSM mobile phone EMFs with communication between cardiac rhythm management devices and programmers. In vivo testing showed interference in 33 of 65 subjects (50.8%), with loss of ventricle sensing, and only 4 subjects (0.6%) felt dizzy. In vitro testing showed reproducible interference in 18 of 20 CRMs (90%) at 700-950 MHz, with pacing pulse signal disappearing on the programmer while synchronous signal remained normal.
Aerts S, Plets D, Thielens A, Martens L, Joseph W. · 2015
Researchers assessed RF-EMF exposure of a mobile-phone user connected to either an outdoor macrocell or an in-train small cell while traveling on a train. The study used the absorbed-dose concept combining base station downlink exposure with mobile-phone uplink exposure. For GSM at 1800 MHz, connecting to a small cell reduced brain exposure by a factor of 35 and whole-body exposure by a factor of 11.
Yüksel M, Nazıroğlu M, Özkaya MO. · 2015
Researchers exposed pregnant rats and their offspring to 900, 1800, and 2450 MHz electromagnetic radiation for 60 minutes daily during pregnancy and growth. Uterine lipid peroxidation increased in exposed groups while glutathione peroxidase activity and prolactin levels decreased in developing rats. In maternal rats, plasma prolactin, estrogen, and progesterone decreased while total oxidant status and body temperature increased. No changes occurred in reduced glutathione, total antioxidants, or vitamins A, C, and E in maternal uterine and plasma samples.
Shivashankara AR et al. · 2015
The study assessed salivary enzymes, protein, and oxidant-antioxidant markers in young college students who used cell phones. Participants were divided into less mobile users and high mobile users based on duration and frequency of cell phone use. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were analyzed for amylase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH). High mobile users showed significantly higher levels of amylase, LDH, and MDA than less mobile users. Decreases in total protein, GSH, and flow rate were not statistically significant.
Sun YL et al. · 2015
Researchers used a superconducting magnet that creates three apparent gravity levels to study RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation from RAW264.7 cells. The magnetic field had no lethal effect on precursors but reduced nitric oxide release. Diamagnetic levitation increased osteoclast formation, bone resorption, and expression of RANK, Cathepsin K, MMP-9, and NFATc1 while decreasing RunX2, and caused morphological changes such as pseudopodial expansion, pedosome belt formation, and actin ring aggregation. The magnetic field component of the LGHMF attenuated osteoclast resorption activity. The authors conclude that diamagnetic levitation can serve as a ground-based microgravity simulator for bone cell research.
Osera C et al. · 2015
Researchers assessed whether short repeated pulsed EMF could trigger adaptive responses against oxidative insult in a neuronal cell model. A 40-minute overall pre-exposure, given as four 10-minute sessions per week, increased Mn-dependent superoxide dismutase activity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells without affecting major physiological parameters. Pre-exposed cells showed decreased reactive oxygen species production after a 30-minute hydrogen peroxide challenge compared to non-pre-exposed cells. The authors suggest that specific PEMF treatments may have potential biological repercussions in diseases where oxidative stress is implicated.
Malka N. Halgamuge, See Kye Yak and Jacob L. Eberhardt · 2015
Soybean seedlings pre-grown for 4 days were exposed for 2 h to GSM 900 MHz pulsed radiation or continuous wave radiation at amplitudes of 5.7 and 41 V m(-1) in a gigahertz transverse electromagnetic cell. Exposure to higher amplitude (41 V m(-1)) GSM radiation resulted in diminished outgrowth of the epicotyl. Exposure to lower amplitude (5.7 V m(-1)) GSM radiation did not influence outgrowth of epicotyl, hypocotyls, or roots. Higher amplitude CW radiation reduced root outgrowth while lower CW exposure reduced hypocotyl outgrowth. A separate 5-day exposure to 0.56 V m(-1) GSM radiation reduced epicotyl and hypocotyl growth but stimulated root outgrowth.
