Unknown authors · 2009
Researchers analyzed the effects of a 50 Hz extra-low frequency electromagnetic field on in vitro rabbit spermatozoa motility and fertilization rates after insemination. Pooled semen samples and a control were exposed to the 50 Hz ELF EMF. Spermatozoa motility in test groups G1 and G2 differed significantly from the control group (75.56%) with P < 0.01. Curvilinear velocity (VCL) differed significantly between test group G3 (122.38 µm/s) and the control group (112.02 µm/s) (P < 0.01). Hormonally stimulated adult females (n = 140) were inseminated with exposed semen samples, and the kindling rate for group G2 was 54.28%.
Unknown authors · 2009
Resting and grazing cattle and deer tend to align their body axes with the geomagnetic North-South direction. Extremely low-frequency magnetic fields from high-voltage power lines disrupt this alignment, making body orientation random near power lines. The disturbing effect diminishes with distance from the conductors.
Salama N, Kishimoto T, Kanayama HO, Kagawa S · 2009
Researchers used 30 adult male rabbits and exposed the phone group to 900 MHz radio frequency in standby mode for 8 hours daily over 12 weeks. At week 10 the phone group showed a significant drop in fructose levels and motile sperm percentage compared with baseline. Citrate levels and other measured parameters did not change significantly in any group throughout the study.
Acar GO, Yener HM, Savrun FK, Kalkan T, Bayrak I, Enver O. · 2009
Tissue temperature around the facial nerve was measured with a four-channel Luxtron fiber optic system and rose by 0.39 K during and immediately after exposure, returning to baseline after 25 minutes. Facial nerve compound muscle action potential amplitudes decreased significantly after exposure but returned to normal at the 25-minute measurement.
Türközer Z, Güler G, Seyhan N. · 2008
Researchers aimed to evaluate the effects of varied 50 Hz electric field exposure on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in guinea pig brain homogenates. Guinea pigs were exposed to electric fields ranging from 2 to 5 kV/m for three days, eight hours per day, in both vertical and horizontal directions. No statistically significant differences were found between exposed and sham groups in lipid peroxidation levels or enzyme activities at any field strength or direction. Comparisons between vertical and horizontal exposure directions also showed no significant differences.
Unknown authors · 2007
Researchers examined the effects of long-term exposures to a near-zero magnetic environment on noradrenergic activities in the brainstem of golden hamsters. Both norepinephrine content and the density of NE-immunopositive neurons decreased significantly after the treatment. The effects could be progressive with time. These variations may substantially contribute to behavioral and mood disorders reported in other studies when animals are shielded from the geomagnetic field.
Jia F, Ushiyama A, Masuda H, Lawlor GF, Ohkubo C. · 2007
Researchers measured local temperature changes in rabbit pinnae during 20-minute RF exposures at SAR levels of 0, 2.3, 10.0, and 34.3 W/kg under normal blood flow and without blood flow. Blood flow significantly suppressed temperature increases even at 34.3 W/kg, while 2.3 and 10.0 W/kg did not induce significant temperature rises under normal blood flow conditions. However, 2.3 W/kg induced local skin temperature elevation when blood flow was absent. The authors concluded that physiological blood flow effects should be considered when extrapolating modeling data to living animals.
Unknown authors · 2006
Two experiments were carried out to assess the effects of electric and magnetic fields on blood thyroxine in dairy cattle. In experiment 2, 16 nonlactating, nonpregnant, multiparous Holsteins were exposed to the same EMF with periods corresponding to one estrous cycle and blood samples were collected every other day, and the effect of period (P = .0009) and the treatment by days interaction (P = .0003) were statistically significant.
Ozguner F, Bardak Y, Comlekci S. · 2006
Researchers compared how well melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) protected rat retinas from oxidative stress caused by exposure to 900 MHz mobile-phone radiation. Melatonin and CAPE were administered daily for 60 days to the rats prior to their EMR exposure. Retinal levels of the oxidative stress markers NO and MDA increased in EMR-exposed rats, while both melatonin and CAPE caused a significant reduction in those levels. Antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT) decreased in EMR-exposed animals, but both treatments significantly increased those activities.
Ozguner F et al. · 2005
Researchers exposed rats to 900 MHz EMR radiation for 30 minutes per day over 10 days and measured oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzyme activities. Exposure increased MDA and NO levels and decreased SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities in myocardial tissue. Treatment with CAPE reversed these changes, indicating a protective effect against mobile phone-induced oxidative heart injury.
Oktem F, Ozguner F, Mollaoglu H, Koyu A, Uz E. · 2005
Researchers exposed rats to 900-MHz mobile phone radiation for 30 minutes daily over 10 days. Exposure increased kidney tissue malondialdehyde and urine N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase while decreasing superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities. Melatonin administered before each exposure reversed these changes. The authors concluded that melatonin may protect against mobile phone-induced kidney impairment in rats.
Unknown authors · 2001
The study examined the effect of a sinusoidal 50 Hz magnetic field on preimplantation CBA/S mouse embryos in vitro. Embryos were exposed to a field of 10 A/m rms corresponding to 13 microT rms while cultured at 37°C in a CO2 incubator. Vitality and developmental stages were similar between groups, though slightly more dead embryos appeared on day 1 in the exposed group (P<0.05) and development was slightly impaired. The authors concluded that the exposure did not significantly disturb development up to the blastocyst stage.
Unknown authors · 2000
Researchers cultured mouse pre-antral follicles for 5 days and exposed them to pulsed ELF-EMF at 33 Hz or 50 Hz. ELF-EMF did not affect follicular growth over 3 days, but on day 5 the 33 Hz exposure significantly reduced growth compared to controls, while 50 Hz did not. ELF-EMF severely impaired antrum formation at both frequencies, with control follicles forming antral cavities at 79% versus 30% at 33 Hz and 51.6% at 50 Hz. Oocytes from exposed follicles showed a reduced ability to resume meiotic maturation compared to controls.
Lu ST et al. · 2000
Researchers studied retinal effects of 1.25 GHz high peak power microwaves in Rhesus monkeys. Preexposure and postexposure fundus pictures and angiograms were all within normal limits. Cone photoreceptor response to light flash was enhanced at 8.4 and 20.2 W/kg R-SAR but not at 4.3 W/kg R-SAR. Enhanced glycogen storage in photoreceptors was observed in sham, 8.4, and 20.2 W/kg groups but not in the 4.3 W/kg group. No degenerative changes or ERG depression were observed, and retinal injury was considered very unlikely at 4 W/kg.
Ivanova VIu, Martynova OV, Aleinik SV, Limarenko AV. · 2000
Researchers studied the effect of modulated electromagnetic fields on brainwave activity in awake cats by recording electroencephalograms from the skin surface in the vertex area using carbon electrodes. In normal cats, brainwave components above 20 Hz predominated, but during electromagnetic field exposure at 980 MHz and a power density of 30–50 microW/cm2, components in the 12–18 Hz range began to prevail instead. A similar redistribution of brainwave power was also seen with acoustic stimulation, and the researchers suggested a common neurophysiological mechanism underlying both effects.
Kues HA, D'Anna SA, Osiander R, Green WR, Monahan JC · 1999
Researchers examined ocular effects of 60 GHz millimeter-wave exposure at 10 mW/cm(2) in rabbits and nonhuman primates. Acute exposure consisted of a single 8 h exposure, and repeated exposure consisted of five separate 4 h exposures on consecutive days. One eye in each animal was exposed and the contralateral eye served as the sham-exposed control. No ocular changes attributable to exposure were found in either species after microscopic and diagnostic examinations. The researchers concluded that such exposure does not result in detectable ocular damage.
Balode, Z · 1996
Researchers examined micronuclei in bovine peripheral erythrocytes from female Latvian Brown cows near the Skrunda Radar and from a control area. They counted micronuclei in 2000 erythrocytes per animal at 1000x magnification using a simplified Schiff DNA staining method. The exposed group had an average of 0.6 micronuclei per 1000 erythrocytes versus 0.1 per 1000 in controls, a statistically significant difference (P < 0.01).
Unknown authors · 1995
High or very high wire codes were associated with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.8 (95% CI 0.9-3.4) for lymphoma. Very high current codes showed an odds ratio of 6.8 (95% CI 1.6-28.5), and outdoor magnetic fields of 2.0 mG or greater yielded odds ratios of 1.5-1.9. Risk was higher among dogs spending more than 25% of the day outdoors.
Li C et al. · 1995
The study aimed to investigate biochemical indexes in white rabbit blood affected by acute high-intensity microwave. The researchers stated these changes can be used as indexes for evaluating acute high-intensity microwave exposure effects.
Ikeda N, Hayashida O, Kameda H, Ito H, Matsuda T · 1994
Researchers investigated thermal damage to normal dog brain using 8 MHz radiofrequency interstitial hyperthermia. The heating limits were 42 degrees C for 45 min or 43 degrees C for 15 min. Breakdown of the BBB was observed at 43 degrees C for 60 min.
D'Andrea JA, Thomas A, Hatcher DJ · 1994
Researchers exposed four male rhesus monkeys to high-peak-power 5.62-GHz microwave pulses while the monkeys performed an operant task for food pellet rewards. Compared to sham exposures, significant alterations of lever responding, reaction time, and earned food pellets occurred at 4 and 6 W/kg but not at 2 W/kg. There were no differences between radar pulses and SLED pulses in producing behavioral effects.
Brown HD, Chattopadhyay SK · 1991
Researchers studied how 9.14 GHz continuous-wave microwave radiation affected ouabain inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase from dog kidney. Exposure for 5 minutes to 9.14 GHz radiation at an estimated SAR of 20 W/kg was applied at several stabilized temperatures between 7.0 and 43.8 °C. The efficacy of ouabain as an inhibitor of ATPase activity was severely diminished by the microwave field, and at 24.9 °C a 23% decrease in activity occurred.
