EMF Research Studies

Effects of 4.9 GHz Radiofrequency Field Exposure on Brain Metabolomic and Proteomic gap junction communication

Wang et al. · 2024

Effect of 2.45 GHz Microwave Radiation on the Inner Ear: A Histopathological Study on 2.45 GHz Microwave Radiation and Cochlea

Unknown authors · 2024

Researchers exposed twelve pregnant rats and their male newborns to Wi-Fi frequencies at electric field values of 0.6, 1.9, 5, 10, and 15 V/m during gestation and 45 days after birth. Auditory brainstem response testing was performed before exposure and sacrification. Cochlear histopathological examination used immunohistochemistry for caspase-3, caspase-9, and TUNEL staining. Auditory thresholds increased significantly at 5 V/m and above, while apoptotic cell markers showed significant differences at 10 V/m and 15 V/m. All apoptotic indicators increased with electric field magnitude, with caspase-9 showing the strongest effect.

Effects of radiofrequency field from 5G communications on the spatial memory and emotionality in mice

Unknown authors · 2024

Researchers investigated the effects of 4.9 GHz radiofrequency field on emotional behaviors and spatial memory in adult male mice. They used open field test, tail suspension test, and Y maze to assess anxiety, depression-like behavior, and spatial memory. Anxiety-like behavior and spatial memory did not change after exposure, but depression-like behavior was induced. Neuron number decreased and pyroptosis increased in the amygdala but not the hippocampus.

Effect of microwave radiation on adult neurogenesis and behavior of prenatally exposed rats

Popovičová A et al. · 2024

Female rats were exposed to MWR at a frequency of 2.45 GHz for 2 hours daily throughout pregnancy. The study examined the rostral migratory stream and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus for cell proliferation and death, and also assessed nitrergic neuron differentiation in the RMS. Prenatal MWR exposure caused significant changes in the numbers of proliferating and dying cells that varied by offspring age and brain region. MWR attenuated the maturation of nitrergic neurons in the RMS in both juvenile and adult rats. Morphological alterations in neurogenesis were accompanied by changes in animal behavior.

High-Frequency Hearing Loss Amongst Smart Mobile Phone Users: A Case-Control Study

Jha I, Alam MK, Kumar C, Sinha N, Kumar T · 2024

Investigation of the neuroprotective effect of crocin against electromagnetic field-induced cerebellar damage in male Balb/c mice

Unknown authors · 2024

Twenty-four male Balb/c mice were divided into four groups and the EMF groups were exposed to 2100-MHz EMF for 120 minutes per day over 30 days. After 30 days EMF exposure significantly reduced astrocyte diameter and increased GFAP expression in the cerebellar cortex. Crocin treatment improved astrocyte diameter and normalized GFAP expression.

Impact of specific electromagnetic radiation on wakefulness in mice

Unknown authors · 2024

Previous research found increased wakefulness in mice after prolonged exposure to 2.4 GHz electromagnetic radiation with 100 Hz square-pulsed modulation at 1/8 duty cycle. The current study addresses whether modulation frequency, pulse edge sharpness, carrier frequency, and duty cycle matter for sleep and wakefulness alteration.

Changes in the content of dopamine, serotonin, their precursors and derivatives in the prefrontal cortex of young male rats under chronic exposure to a low-intensity electromagnetic field

Unknown authors · 2024

Researchers studied the content of biogenic amines, their precursors, and derivatives in the prefrontal cortex of male Wistar rats exposed to chronic low-intensity electromagnetic fields from a Wi-Fi device during early postnatal development. Changes in dopamine, serotonin, their precursors, and metabolites were established in the prefrontal cortex. These changes determine the development of neurotransmitter disorders in the central nervous system and subsequently behavioral disorders, deterioration of social adaptation, and cognitive abilities.

Effects of Head-Only Exposure to 900 MHz GSM Electromagnetic Fields in Rats: Changes in Neuronal Activity as Revealed by c-Fos Imaging without Concomitant Cognitive Impairments

Unknown authors · 2024

Rat brain and testicular tissue effects of radiofrequency radiation exposure: Histopathological, DNA damage of brain and qRT-PCR analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH. JUL 2024

Yavas MC, Kilitci A, Çelik E, Yegin K, Sirav B, Varol S · 2024

Researchers created two groups of seven rats each, one sham control and one exposed to 2100 MHz RF-EMF for five hours per day over 14 days. Brain tissue from exposed rats showed vascular alterations and significant edema. The exposed group had 18.26% tail DNA compared to 4.06% in controls, indicating more cellular damage. Testicular tissue showed significant deterioration of spermatogenic cells. Bax and bcl-2 gene expression changed significantly, while p53 did not.

Exposure to Radiofrequency Induces Synaptic Dysfunction in Cortical Neurons Causing Learning and Memory Alteration in Early Postnatal Mice

Unknown authors · 2024

The study investigated the effects of 1850 MHz RF-EMF exposure at a specific absorption rate of 4.0 W/kg on cortical neurons in mice at postnatal day 28. Daily exposure for 4 weeks significantly reduced the number of mushroom-shaped dendritic spines in the prefrontal cortex. Prolonged exposure over 9 days gradually decreased postsynaptic density 95 puncta and inhibited neurite outgrowth in developing cortical neurons. Expression levels of genes associated with synapse formation, such as synaptic cell adhesion molecules and cyclin-dependent kinase 5, were reduced in the cerebral cortexes of exposed mice. Behavioral assessments using the Morris water maze revealed altered spatial learning and memory after the 4-week exposure period.

Effects of 4G Long-Term Evolution Electromagnetic Fields on Thyroid Hormone Dysfunction and Behavioral Changes in Adolescent Male Mice

Kim H-Y et al. · 2024

Four-week-old male mice were exposed to LTE EMF at a whole-body average SAR of 4 W/kg or to lead at 300 ppm in drinking water for four weeks. The mice underwent open field, marble burying, and nest building tests. LTE exposure increased T3 levels, while lead exposure elevated T3 and T4 and decreased ACTH levels. LTE EMF did not alter gene expression in the thyroid or pituitary glands but significantly reduced hypothalamic Dio2 and Dio3 expression.

Exposure to a 0.9- GHz electromagnetic field on postnatal days 21-45 may trigger the renin-angiotensin system in male rat: a histological and biochemical study

Unknown authors · 2024

Twelve male rats aged 21 days were randomly assigned to control and EMF groups, with the EMF group exposed to 0.9 GHz EMF for one hour a day over 25 days. Exposure increased kidney tissue volume and weight, total body weight, and levels of lipid peroxidation, glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase in kidney tissue. Histopathological evaluation revealed cortical and medullary bleeding, widespread fibrosis, tubular dilatation and degeneration, glomerular damage, and degeneration of Bowman's membrane, podocytes, and mesangial cells.

Effects of 4G mobile phone radiation exposure on reproductive, hepatic, renal, and hematological parameters of male Wistar rat

Unknown authors · 2024

Does Radiofrequency Radiation From Mobile Phones Affect the Formation of Parotid Gland Malignancy? An Experimental Study

Coskun ZO et al. · 2024

Effects of 3.5-GHz radiofrequency radiation on energy-regulatory hormone levels in the blood and adipose tissue

Unknown authors · 2024

Rosmarinic Acid Protects the Testes of Rats against Cell Phone and Ultra-high Frequency Waves Induced Toxicity

Unknown authors · 2024

Extremely Low Frequency-Electromagnetic Fields (ELF-EMF) Can Decrease Spermatocyte Count and Motility and Change Testicular Tissue

Unknown authors · 2023

The study used sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats divided into six groups with different ELF-EMF exposure durations. Sperm count and motility were significantly lower in rats exposed for 1 hour per day for 52 days, 4 hours per day for 52 days, and 4 hours per day for 5 days compared with sham-exposed rats. Serum testosterone decreased significantly in rats exposed for 4 hours per day for 5 days. The volume of seminiferous tubules, their epithelium, and interstitial tissue decreased significantly after 4 hours per day for 5 days of exposure. Tubule length was reduced by 18% in the same exposure group.

Comparative Assessment of Disturbances of Contractions of the Isolated Uterus in 3- and 9-Month-Old Rats with a Model of Autism

Unknown authors · 2023

Researchers compared the effects of carbachol, α,β-methylene-ATP, β,γ-methylene-ATP, and electric field stimulation on isolated uterine contractions in 3- and 9-month-old rats with a valproic acid autism model. Contractions induced by α,β-methylene-ATP and β,γ-methylene-ATP were significantly lower than in control animals. Carbachol-induced contractions were significantly reduced in 9-month-old rats compared to controls. Electric field stimulation produced no significant differences in either age group.

Changes in intracellular calcium concentration level accompany age-related inhibitions of Long-term potentiation in hippocampus induced by Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields

Zhao W, Dong L, Tian L, Zhao L, Zhao Y, Zheng Y · 2023

Effects of ELF-PEMF Exposure on Spontaneous Alternation, Anxiety, Motor Co-ordination and Locomotor Activity of Adult Wistar Rats and Viability of C6 (Glial) Cells in Culture

Unknown authors · 2023

Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Stimulation (ELF-EMS) Improves Neurological Outcome and Reduces Microglial Reactivity in a Rodent Model of Global Transient Stroke

Unknown authors · 2023

Researchers evaluated ELF-EMS at 13.5 mT/60 Hz in a rodent model of global transient stroke, measuring neurological outcome, behavior, neuronal survival, and glial reactivity. ELF-EMS improved neurological scores and behavior in the ischemia-reperfusion model. The treatment also improved neuronal survival and decreased glial reactivity in the hippocampus, with microglia showing the first signs of treatment effect. In vitro, ELF-EMS decreased LPS and ATP-induced microglia migration in scratch and transwell assays. In hippocampal brain slices, ELF-EMS reduced microglial reactivity, improved neuronal survival, and modulated inflammation-related markers.

Closed-loop neurostimulation via expression of magnetogenetics-sensitive protein in inhibitory neurons leads to reduction of seizure activity in a rat model of epilepsy

Unknown authors · 2023

The EPG transgene was expressed in inhibitory interneurons under the hDlx promoter. Kainic acid was used to induce acute seizures. In vivo electrophysiological signals were recorded. hDlx EPG rats exhibited a significant delay in the onset of first seizure and significantly fewer seizures than controls.

Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields Improved Peripheral Nerve Regeneration After Delayed Repair of One Month

Unknown authors · 2023

Thirty-six Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham, control, and PEMFs groups, and the sciatic nerves were transected in the sham and PEMFs groups. One month later the nerve ends were reconnected in those two groups. At 4 and 8 weeks the PEMFs group showed higher sciatic functional indices, more distally regenerated axons, and larger fiber diameters compared with the sham group. Axon diameters and myelin thicknesses did not differ between groups, while BDNF and VEGF expression was higher in the PEMFs group at 8 weeks and semi-quantitative analysis revealed more BDNF, VEGF, and NF200. The authors concluded that PEMFs affect axonal regeneration after delayed repair and that upregulated BDNF and VEGF may be involved.

Anxiolytic-Like Effects of Extremely Low Frequency Electric Field in Stressed Rats: Involvement of 5-HT2C Receptors

Unknown authors · 2023