Huss A et al. · 2008
Researchers conducted a systematic review of 59 controlled-exposure studies of radiofrequency radiation with health-related outcomes. Industry-funded studies reported the most outcomes but had the lowest odds of a statistically significant association. The association persisted after adjusting for number of outcomes, study quality, and other factors.
Hardell L, Carlberg M, Söderqvist F, Hansson Mild K. · 2008
Researchers evaluated long-term mobile phone use and brain tumour risk in published case-control studies. Ten glioma studies showed an overall odds ratio of 0.9, but a latency of ten years or more gave an odds ratio of 1.2, and ipsilateral use gave an odds ratio of 2.0. Nine acoustic neuroma studies gave an overall odds ratio of 0.9, rising to 1.3 with ten-year latency and 2.4 for ipsilateral use. Seven meningioma studies yielded an overall odds ratio of 0.8, with ten-year latency giving 1.3 and ipsilateral use 1.7.
George DF, Bilek MM, McKenzie DR. · 2008
Researchers studied the effect of 2,450 MHz microwaves on protein unfolding using surface plasmon resonance sensing. They used citrate synthase which binds to alpha crystallin chaperone when unfolded, and compared microwave heating with ambient heating and combined heating to the same final temperature. Microwaves caused a significantly higher degree of unfolding than conventional thermal stress at the same maximum temperature.
Engelmann JC et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed Arabidopsis thaliana cell suspension cultures to a radiofrequency field protocol representing typical urban microwave exposure for 24 hours. They used Affymetrix-ATH1 whole genome microarrays to measure gene expression. Differential expression analysis revealed significant changes in transcription of 10 genes, but fold changes did not exceed 2.5. Three of the affected genes are dark-inducible, and their functions do not point to known plant responses to environmental stimuli.
Dimbylow PJ, Hirata A, Nagaoka T. · 2008
The study intercompared the HPA male and female models NORMAN and NAOMI with the NICT male and female models TARO and HANAKO. Particular emphasis was placed on how dielectric properties are assigned to tissues such as skin and fat and on the consequences of different SAR calculation algorithms at higher frequencies. Whole-body SAR calculations were performed at three institutions for a vertically polarized plane wave incident on the front of the body from 30 MHz to 3 GHz under isolated conditions.
Chen ZJ, He JL. · 2008
The study aimed to investigate mutagenic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic effects induced by radiofrequency electromagnetic fields from mobile phones. The authors noted that conflicting results exist in publications on these effects. They reported that overwhelming findings do not support the assumption that RF exposure may induce mutagenic, carcinogenic, or teratogenic effects. However, they stated that health effects from low-level RF exposure need further study.
Cardis E et al. · 2008
Most energy (97-99%) appears to be absorbed in the brain hemisphere on the side where the phone is used, mainly (50-60%) in the temporal lobe. The average relative SAR is highest in the temporal lobe (6-15% of peak SAR) and cerebellum (2-10%), and decreases very rapidly with increasing depth, particularly at higher frequencies. The SAR distribution appears to be fairly similar across phone models, between older and newer phones, and between phones with different antenna types and positions.
Batellier F, Couty I, Picard D, Brillard JP. · 2008
Researchers exposed fertile chicken eggs to a cell phone in call position over the entire incubation period. Embryo mortality was significantly higher in exposed eggs than in sham eggs in two of four replicates. The additional mortality occurred mainly between days 9 and 12, but a causal relationship with electric field intensity could not be established.
Baste V, Riise T, Moen BE. · 2008
Researchers conducted a cross-sectional study among 10,497 military men in the Royal Norwegian Navy to assess work near radiofrequency-emitting equipment, infertility, and offspring sex ratio. Infertility increased significantly with increasing self-reported exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. Adjusted odds ratios for infertility were 1.39 for low exposure, 1.52 for some exposure, 1.93 for high exposure, and 1.86 for very high exposure compared to no exposure. Higher paternal exposure was also associated with a lower ratio of boys to girls at birth. The number of children was not associated with exposure degree.
Barth A et al. · 2008
Researchers carried out a meta-analysis on 19 experimental studies. Ten of the 19 studies met minimum requirements such as blind design and reported means and standard deviations. Attention measured by the subtraction task seems to be affected in regard to decreased reaction time. Working memory measured by the N-back test seems to be affected: 0-back target response time is lower under exposure, 2-back target response time increases, and the number of errors on 2-back non-targets appears to be higher under exposure. The meta-analysis compared exposed with non-exposed subjects assuming a common population effect.
Andrzejak R et al. · 2008
Researchers recorded ECG Holter monitoring in 32 healthy students before, during, and after a mobile phone call in the morning while seated. During the call, time-domain HRV parameters SDNN and SDANN increased significantly, and frequency-domain components VLF, LF, and HF were highest while LF/HF ratio was lowest. The authors concluded that the call may alter autonomic balance, though electromagnetic field effects could not be separated from the influence of speaking.
Agarwal A, Deepinder F, Sharma RK, Ranga G, Li J. · 2008
Three hundred sixty-one men undergoing infertility evaluation were divided into four groups based on daily cell phone use: no use, less than 2 hours, 2 to 4 hours, and more than 4 hours. Comparisons of mean sperm count, motility, viability, and normal morphology among the four groups were statistically significant. The decrease in sperm parameters was dependent on the duration of daily exposure to cell phones and independent of the initial semen quality.
Tiwari R et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed whole blood samples from six healthy men to RF signals from a CDMA mobile phone for one hour. They assessed DNA damage using the alkaline comet assay and tested combinative effects with aphidicolin at two concentrations. RF signals alone or with low-dose aphidicolin did not significantly increase DNA damage compared to sham exposure. However, univariate analysis showed significant DNA damage with combined exposure at both aphidicolin concentrations. APC alone at the higher concentration also caused significant damage, and DNA repair efficiency varied significantly in combined exposure groups.
Kim JY et al. · 2008
The study investigated clastogenicity of 835-MHz RF-EMF using alkaline comet assay and chromosomal aberration test on mammalian cells. No direct cytogenetic effect was found in the chromosomal aberration test with RF-EMF alone. The comet assay showed nearly negative results for RF-EMF alone, with a small increase in tail moment. RF-EMF showed a potentiation effect in the comet assay when combined with model clastogens.
Devrim E et al. · 2008
EMR exposure increased MDA, XO, and GSH-Px activities in erythrocytes compared with controls. In kidney tissue, EMR increased MDA and CAT activities but decreased XO and ADA activities. In heart tissue, EMR decreased MDA, ADA, and XO activities. Vitamin C seems to make partial protection against oxidative stress in erythrocytes.
Raggi F, Vallesi G, Rufini S, Gizzi S, Ercolani E, Rossi R · 2008
The study examined the effects of an ELF magnetic therapy device (Seqex) on oxidative scale in humans. Thirty-two healthy volunteers were treated using the Seqex cycle. Oxidative stress was measured by MDA concentrations in peripheral blood at three time points: before, after, and one month after the treatment cycle. Mean MDA decreased by 53.8% at the end of treatment and remained 15.6% below baseline one month later.
Koh EK, Ryu BK, Jeong DY, Bang IS, Nam MH, Chae KS · 2008
Researchers examined the effects of power frequency magnetic fields on cell growth in DU145, PC3, and LNCaP prostate cancer cells in vitro. The cells were exposed to various intensities and durations of 60-Hz sinusoidal magnetic fields with various serum concentrations. MF exposure induced significant cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in an intensity- and time-dependent manner, with increased cell cycle arrest, cleaved Caspase-3, and reactive oxygen species. Pretreatment with a Caspase-3 inhibitor or the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine significantly attenuated the magnetic field-induced growth inhibition and cell death. Media replacement experiments did not alter the magnetic field effects.
Fitzsimmons RJ, Gordon SL, Kronberg J, Ganey T, Pilla AA. · 2008
Researchers tested whether a pulsing electric field could directly affect chondrocytes in vitro. A 30-minute PEF treatment increased DNA content of chondrocyte monolayers by approximately 150% at 72 hours poststimulus. The PEF signal increased nitric oxide in the culture medium and cGMP in cell extracts within the 30-minute exposure period. The calcium/calmodulin inhibitor W7 prevented the PEF-stimulated increases in nitric oxide and cGMP; the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME prevented increases in nitric oxide, cGMP, and DNA content; and the guanylate cyclase inhibitor LY83583 blocked increases in cGMP and DNA content. A nitric oxide donor present for only 30 minutes increased DNA content at 72 hours.
Perentos N, Croft RJ, McKenzie RJ, Cvetkovic D, Cosic I. · 2008
Researchers investigated the effect of GSM-like ELF radiation on the alpha band of the human resting EEG. The study used a fully counterbalanced, double-blind, cross-over design with 72 healthy volunteers. A decrease in the alpha frequency band was observed during 20 minutes of ELF exposure in the exposed hemisphere only.
Hountala CD et al. · 2008
Researchers introduced spectral power coherence as a measure of coordination among four EEG frequency bands at a specific brain location. They found that delta rhythm contributes less to this coordination than theta, alpha, and beta rhythms. Gender differences in overall spectral power coherence were observed without radiation, but these differences disappeared during 900 MHz exposure and reversed during 1800 MHz exposure. The measure was calculated from pre-stimulus EEG during an auditory memory task under 900 MHz and 1800 MHz electromagnetic field conditions.
Divan HA, Kheifets L, Obel C, Olsen J · 2008
Mothers of 13,159 children completed a follow-up questionnaire reporting cell phone use during pregnancy and the child's current cell phone use. Greater odds ratios for behavioral problems were observed for children with possible prenatal or postnatal exposure to cell phone use. After adjustment for potential confounders, the odds ratio for a higher overall behavioral problems score was 1.80 (95% confidence interval = 1.45–2.23) in children with both prenatal and postnatal exposure. The authors noted that these associations may be noncausal and may be due to unmeasured confounding.
Zhou ZD et al. · 2008
Human dendritic cells were exposed to intermittent EMF at 4 W/kg SAR for 1, 12, or 24 hours. Surface markers were analyzed by flow cytometry, allo-MLR by CCK-8 assay, and cytokine secretion by ELISA. After exposure, HLA-DR, CD80, CD86, and CD40 expression declined, while CD11c did not. Allo-MLR stimulation ability decreased significantly in all exposure groups, most markedly at 24 hours. Secreted IL-12p70 and TNF-alpha levels remained unchanged across exposure groups.
Zeni O et al. · 2008
Thomas S et al. · 2008
Researchers randomly selected a population-based sample of children and adolescents from population registries in four Bavarian cities and towns for a study with a 52% response rate. Each participant wore a dosimeter for 24 hours to measure exposure across three mobile phone frequency ranges, and waking-hour exposure was expressed as a percentage of the ICNIRP reference level. The median exposure was 0.18% of the ICNIRP reference level for children and 0.19% for adolescents, and personal dosimetry proved to be a well-accepted tool for such epidemiologic studies.
Roux D et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed tomato plants to 900 MHz, 5 V m(-1) electromagnetic fields for 10 minutes using a Mode Stirred Reverberation Chamber. Within minutes, stress-related mRNAs for calmodulin, calcium-dependent protein kinase, and proteinase inhibitor accumulated in a rapid, large, three-phase pattern typical of an environmental stress response. Transcript accumulation was maximal at normal calcium levels, depressed at higher calcium, and completely suppressed when calcium was removed with chelators or channel blockers. Thirty minutes after exposure, ATP concentration and adenylate energy charge transiently decreased, and the uncoupler CCCP prevented transcript accumulation entirely.
