Yilmaz F, Dasdag S, Akdag MZ, Kilinc N · 2008
Researchers investigated anti-apoptotic bcl-2 protein in rat brain and testes after whole-body exposure to 900 MHz cellular phone radiation. The results showed that 20 minutes of radiation did not alter bcl-2 protein in the brain and testes of rats. The study used two groups of eight Sprague-Dawley rats each, with the experimental group exposed to phones in speech condition for 20 minutes per day for one month and the sham group exposed to turned-off phones. The authors speculated that bcl-2 may not be involved in radiation effects on the brain and testes of rats.
Unterlechner M, Sauter C, Schmid G, Zeitlhofer J · 2008
Stovner LJ, Oftedal G, Straume A, Johnsson A. · 2008
The study aimed to investigate headache type and location in a provocation study to gain insight into possible causes and mechanisms. Seventeen participants completed 130 trials of sham or RF exposure. No significant difference existed in headache type, laterality, or location between the two exposure types. In most participants, the headache was compatible with tension-type headache.
Stefanics G, Thuróczy G, Kellényi L, Hernádi I · 2008
Before and after exposure, subjects heard tone bursts while EEG was recorded and counted target tones. No significant effects were found on the amplitude or latency of N100, N200, P200, or P300 components. Early evoked gamma activity was also insensitive to the UMTS RF exposure.
Riddervold IS et al. · 2008
Forty adolescents and 40 adults were exposed to UMTS base station signals and sham conditions in a randomized, double-blinded cross-over design. Each exposure lasted 45 minutes while participants performed cognitive tasks and reported symptoms. No statistically significant differences were found between UMTS and sham conditions for the main cognitive test. An increase in headache rating was observed when combining both age groups, though this may reflect baseline differences.
Paparini A et al. · 2008
Mice were exposed to GSM 1800 MHz signal for 1 hour at a whole body SAR of 1.1 W/kg. Gene expression was measured in whole brain using microarrays with over 22,600 probe sets. Comparison of sham and exposed animals showed no significant difference in gene expression. With less stringent analysis, 75 genes appeared modulated but were not confirmed by real-time PCR.
Kleinlogel H et al. · 2008
Researchers tested the effects of 1950 MHz UMTS at 0.1 and 1 W/kg and pulsed 900 MHz GSM at 1 W/kg on event-related potentials and behavioral measures in 15 healthy right-handed subjects. The study used a double-blind, randomized, crossover design. Neither the UMTS- nor the GSM-EMF produced any significant changes in the measured parameters compared to sham exposure. The results do not give any evidence for a deleterious effect of the EMF on normal healthy mobile phone users.
Kleinlogel H et al. · 2008
Researchers tested 1950 MHz UMTS at SAR 0.1 and 1 W/kg and pulsed 900 MHz GSM at 1 W/kg on well-being and vigilance-controlled resting EEG in 15 healthy right-handed subjects. The study used a double-blind randomised crossover design. Neither UMTS nor GSM exposure produced significant changes in measured parameters compared to sham exposure. The results did not give evidence for a deleterious effect of the EMF on normal healthy mobile phone users.
Kim TH et al. · 2008
Researchers used a carousel-type chamber to expose the heads of C57BL mice to 849 MHz or 1763 MHz RF radiation. Mice were irradiated intermittently at 7.8 W/kg for up to 12 months. Brain tissues collected at 6 and 12 months showed no differences in histology, cell proliferation, NeuN and GFAP expression in hippocampus and cerebellum, or cell death between exposure and control groups. Body weights did not differ among sham, 849 MHz, and 1763 MHz groups during the study.
Grafström G et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed 32 rats to GSM-900 radiation once weekly for two hours over 55 weeks at average whole-body SAR values of 0.6 and 60 mW/kg. Sixteen rats were sham exposed and eight served as cage controls. After behavioral tests conducted 5–7 weeks after the last exposure, the brains were examined for albumin extravasation, dark neurons, lipofuscin aggregation, and neuronal cytoskeletal changes, but no significant alterations were detected.
Cinel C, Russo R, Boldini A, Fox E · 2008
Researchers exposed three groups of volunteers totaling 496 participants to mobile phone electromagnetic fields in one session and sham signals in another session, using a counterbalanced double-blind design. Participants were exposed to either GSM or unmodulated signals with the phone positioned on the left or right side of the head. Before and after each exposure, participants rated five symptoms, and changes after real exposure were compared with changes after sham exposure. For one group of 160 participants, dizziness was affected by GSM exposure, but this effect was not consistent across the other two groups, and no other significant effects were found.
Yadav AS, Sharma MK. · 2008
Researchers studied 109 subjects, 85 regular mobile phone users and 24 non-users, collecting exfoliated buccal cells and screening 1000 cells per person for nuclear anomalies. Exposed users averaged 61.26 minutes daily and 2.35 years of use, and had significantly higher micronucleated cell counts than controls. Karyorrhexis, broken egg, and binucleated cell frequencies were slightly higher in exposed subjects but not statistically significant.
Walsh SP, White KM, Hyde MK, Watson B. · 2008
Attitudes consistently predicted intentions to drive while using a mobile phone, and pressure from significant others also determined some phone use intentions. Perceptions of control had less support as a predictor, and risk was not generally predictive of safer driving intentions. Different factors influenced each form of mobile phone use while driving, suggesting a multi-strategy approach is needed. The researchers examined predictors for calling and text messaging in four scenarios varying vehicle speed and time pressure.
Soderqvist F, Carlberg M, Hardell L. · 2008
The aim of the study was to assess wireless phone use and its relation to explanatory factors and self-reported health symptoms. A postal questionnaire with 27 questions and 75 items was sent to 2000 Swedish adolescents aged 15-19 years selected from the population registry using a stratified sampling scheme, and 63.5% of the study subjects answered it. Most participants reported access to a mobile phone (99.6%) and use increased with age; 55.6% of 15-year-olds and 82.2% of 19-year-olds were regular users, girls generally reported more frequent use than boys, and watching TV increased the odds ratio for wireless phone use adjusted for age and gender. Regular users of wireless phones had health symptoms more often and reported poorer perceived health than less frequent users.
Sinha RK · 2008
Researchers exposed male rats to 2450 MHz microwave radiation and assessed thyroid hormones and behavior. Exposed rats showed hyperactivity and aggression, with significant changes in open-field and elevated plus-maze tests. Thyroid hormone levels changed, with T3 decreasing and T4 increasing, correlating with behavioral changes.
Rubin GJ, Cleare AJ, Wessely S · 2008
Fifty-two people reporting sensitivity to mobile phones, 19 reporting both mobile phone sensitivity and electrosensitivity, and 60 nonsensitive controls completed a questionnaire. Perceived sensitivity was linked to using a mobile phone mainly for work (3% of controls, 13% of mobile-phone-sensitive, 21% of electrosensitivity) and to greater modern health worries about radiation (mean scores 2.0, 2.7, and 4.0 on a 1–5 scale). The electrosensitivity group reported greater depression, more worries about tainted food and toxic interventions, worse general health, and more medically unexplained syndromes, with no differences in psychiatric cases.
Roux D et al. · 2008
Researchers investigated the role of extracellular ATP in plant responses to high-frequency, low-amplitude electromagnetic fields. Exposure to low-level 900 MHz EMF evoked accumulation of stress-related transcripts and affected ATP levels. ATP concentration dropped 27% after 30 minutes of exposure, and adenylate energy charge decreased by 18%. The authors discuss whether this reflects increased energy usage or a signaling function for ATP in stress physiology.
Rezk AY, Abdulqawi K, Mustafa RM, Abo El-Azm TM, Al-Inany H · 2008
Researchers enrolled 90 pregnant women with uncomplicated pregnancies and 30 full-term newborns for the study. Pregnant women were exposed to mobile phone electromagnetic fields in dialing mode for 10 minutes, and fetal and neonatal heart rate and cardiac output were measured. Exposure significantly increased fetal and neonatal heart rate and decreased stroke volume and cardiac output, with these changes becoming less pronounced at higher gestational ages.
Nagaoka T, Saito K, Takahashi M, Ito K, Watanabe S. · 2008
The paper outlines the development of pregnant woman models adjusted to reference physiological characteristics for gestation ages of 13, 18, and 26 weeks. The models are composed of voxels of 2 x 2 x 2 mm³ and include 56 tissue types. Basic specific absorption rate (SAR) characteristics for whole-body RF exposure were calculated using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method.
Maccà I et al. · 2008
Researchers measured electromagnetic fields from 11 microwave, 4 short-wave diathermy, and 15 magneto therapy devices in eight physiotherapy departments. Levels in front of microwave applicators dropped quickly with distance and lower power, though metal furniture can reflect fields. Measurements at about 50 cm from microwave applicators and near diathermy units exceeded European and ACGIH exposure limits.
Landgrebe M et al. · 2008
Researchers conducted a case-control study with 89 electromagnetic hypersensitive patients and 107 matched controls. They assessed health status, EMF-specific cognitions, perception thresholds, and cortical excitability using questionnaires and transcranial magnetic stimulation. Discrimination ability was significantly reduced in the hypersensitive group, while perception thresholds for real magnetic pulses were similar between groups. Intra-cortical facilitation was decreased in younger hypersensitive patients and increased in older hypersensitive patients. EMF-related cognitions such as rumination and symptom intolerance differentiated the hypersensitive patients from controls.
Kumar V, Vats RP, Pathak PP. · 2008
The study examined effects of electromagnetic waves at 41 and 202 MHz from a TV tower on human skin, muscles, bone, and fat. Researchers used international SAR exposure limits to calculate safe distances from TV transmission towers for both frequencies. The authors recommended that transmission towers be located away from densely populated areas and that people keep away from towers because they emit radiation harmful to some body tissues.
Khan MM. · 2008
Researchers surveyed medical students using a questionnaire about mobile phone use and health complaints. The response rate was 86.6% with 286 of 330 forms completed. Most students (83.57%) had some knowledge about adverse effects of mobile phone use. Daily mobile phone use was less than 30 minutes for 55.94% of students, 30-60 minutes for 27.97%, 60-90 minutes for 11.53%, and more than 90 minutes for 4.54%. Reported symptoms included headache (16.08%), fatigue (24.48%), impaired concentration (34.27%), memory disturbances (40.56%), sleeplessness (38.8%), hearing problems (23.07%), facial dermatitis (16.78%), and a sensation of warmth in the ear area (28.32%); 44.4% of the 286 subjects linked their symptoms to mobile phone use.
Jauchem JR. · 2008
Inoue S, Motoda H, Koike Y, Kawamura K, Hiragami F, Kano Y. · 2008
Exposure to 2.45 GHz microwave irradiation at 200 W increased neurite outgrowth frequency about 10-fold compared to non-irradiated controls. The increase was prevented by adding a p38 MAPK inhibitor. Microwave treatment did not cause toxicity, unlike heat shock at 45°C.
