Kim JH, Yu DH, Huh YH, Lee EH, Kim HG, Kim HR. · 2017
Researchers exposed C57BL/6 mice to 835 MHz RF-EMF at a specific absorption rate of 4.0 W/kg for 5 hours per day during 12 weeks. The study found that RF-EMF exposure led to myelin sheath damage and that mice displayed hyperactivity-like behavior. Autophagy-related proteins including LC3B-II and Beclin1 were increased in neuronal cell bodies, and the researchers suggest autophagy may act as a protective pathway during radiofrequency exposure.
Unknown authors · 2016
Researchers conducted a long-term field monitoring study from 2006 to 2015 in Bamberg and Hallstadt, Germany, to examine the connection between unusual tree damage and radiofrequency exposure. They measured radiofrequency electromagnetic fields at 144 locations and interpolated the points to compile an electromagnetic map of power flux density, and selected 60 damaged trees, 30 randomly selected trees, and 30 trees in low radiation areas for comparison. Measurements showed significant differences in power flux density between the damaged side facing a phone mast and the opposite side, and trees in low radiation areas showed no damage.
Unknown authors · 2016
This case study of a Wisconsin dairy farm documents how to establish permanent monitoring of ground current and how to determine and remediate both on-farm and off-farm sources. On-farm sources included lighting, variable speed frequency drives on motors, and a radio frequency identification system, while off-farm sources were due to a poor primary neutral return on the utility side. The study found that a step-potential threshold of 1 V RMS at 60 Hz is inadequate to protect dairy cows, as decreases of a few mV peak-peak at higher frequencies increased milk production, reduced milking time, and improved cow comfort.
Paknahad M, Mortazavi SM, Shahidi S, Mortazavi G, Haghani M · 2016
Researchers prepared class V cavities in 20 extracted human premolars and randomly divided them into two groups of 10. The experimental group was exposed to 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi radiation for 20 minutes at a distance of 30 cm while the router communicated with a laptop 20 meters away. Mercury concentration in artificial saliva was significantly higher in the exposed group (0.056 ± .025 mg/L) than in the control group (0.026 ± .008 mg/L) (P =0.009).
Yakymenko et al · 2016
The review analyzed peer-reviewed scientific literature on oxidative effects of low-intensity radiofrequency radiation in living cells. The analysis revealed significant activation of reactive oxygen species pathways, peroxidation, oxidative DNA damage, and changes in antioxidant enzyme activity. The authors concluded that low-intensity RFR is an expressive oxidative agent with high pathogenic potential and that oxidative stress should be recognized as a primary mechanism of its biological activity.
Unknown authors · 2016
Researchers examined the effect of combined RF radiation on amyloid-beta-induced cytotoxicity in HT22 rat hippocampal neurons. Amyloid-beta suppressed HT22 cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. RF exposure did not affect cell proliferation and had only a marginal effect on amyloid-beta-induced growth suppression. Amyloid-beta increased ROS generation and apoptosis markers including annexin V/PI-positive cells, PARP and caspase-3 degradation. Amyloid-beta stimulated a DNA damage pathway and enhanced beta-site amyloid precursor protein expression, while RF had no effect on these events.
Unknown authors · 2016
Researchers used a transgenic C. elegans strain with fluorescently tagged α-synuclein to measure aggregation via FRET. They exposed worms to RF fields at 1.0 GHz CW (0.002-0.02 W kg−1) and 1.8 GHz CW or GSM (1.8 W kg−1) using two exposure systems. No statistically significant changes in aggregation were observed at 2.5, 24, or 96 h across several independent runs. The model responded to chemical promoters like mercury but showed no similar response to RF exposures.
Calvente I et al. · 2016
Ohtani S et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed Sprague-Dawley rats to 2.14 GHz W-CDMA RF signals at whole-body averaged SAR of 4 W/kg and 0.4 W/kg. At 4 W/kg the core temperature rose about 1.5°C and plateaued for the remainder of the exposure. Heat-shock protein and transcription factor genes were significantly upregulated in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum after 6 hr/day exposure at 4 W/kg, but not after 3 hr/day. No significant changes in core temperature or gene expression occurred at 0.4 W/kg.
Unknown authors · 2016
Researchers studied the mutagenic effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure using the micronucleus test in secondary roots of Vicia faba seedlings. Roots were exposed for 72 hours using a continuous wave of 915 MHz radiation at three power density levels, with specific absorption rate values falling in the range of 0.4 to 1.5 W/kg. Three independent experiments showed a significant increase in micronucleus frequency, from a 2.3-fold increase at the lowest SAR level up to a 7-fold increase at the highest SAR.
Güler G, Ozgur E, Keles H, Tomruk A, Vural SA, Seyhan N · 2016
Researchers exposed newborn rabbits to GSM-modulated 1800 MHz radiation before and after birth and measured oxidative DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, histopathology, and apoptosis in brain tissue. Oxidative DNA damage measured as 8-OHdG increased in rabbits exposed during both intrauterine and extrauterine periods compared to unexposed rabbits and those exposed only after birth. Lipid peroxidation measured as MDA rose only in males with intrauterine exposure, while females showed no difference across exposure groups. Mild neuronal necrobiosis appeared in intrauterine-exposed females and extrauterine-exposed males; gliosis was mildly positive in intrauterine-only and combined-exposure groups, but no apoptosis was detected in any group.
Hardell L et al · 2016
Researchers used an exposimeter to measure radiofrequency radiation across 20 bands from 88 to 5,850 MHz at Stockholm Central Railway Station. They recorded 1,669 data points and found a median total exposure of 921 μW/m2 with mean levels varying between 2,817 and 4,891 μW/m2 per walking round. High mean measurements were observed for GSM + UMTS 900 downlink and UMTS 2100 downlink, and almost all levels exceeded the BioInitiative precautionary target of 3–6 μW/m2.
Son Y et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed 5xFAD mice to 1950 MHz RF-EMF at 5 W/kg SAR for 2 hours daily, 5 days a week, for 3 months. They used Y-maze, Morris water maze, and novel object recognition tests to assess spatial and non-spatial memory. They also measured Aβ deposition, APP and CTFβ levels in hippocampus and cortex, and plasma Aβ peptides. The 3-month exposure did not affect Aβ-related memory impairment or Aβ accumulation.
Petitdant N et al. · 2016
Researchers used rats to assess whether astrocyte reactivity, perception, and emotionality were affected by RF EMF exposures during adolescence. They also investigated if adolescent brains were more sensitive to RF EMF exposures after neurodevelopmental inflammation. Results did not show any neurobiological impairment in healthy and vulnerable RF EMF-exposed rats compared to sham-exposed controls. Data did not support the hypothesis of a specific cerebral sensitivity to RF EMF of adolescents, even after neurodevelopmental inflammation.
McNamee JP et al. · 2016
Adult male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 1.9 GHz pulse-modulated or continuous-wave radiofrequency fields for 4 hours per day over 5 days at specific absorption rates of 0, 0.2, and 1.4 W/kg. Total RNA was isolated from the auditory cortex, amygdala, caudate, cerebellum, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and medial prefrontal cortex and gene expression was analyzed using Illumina MouseWG-6 (v2) BeadChip arrays. When controlling the false discovery rate, no differentially expressed genes were identified in any brain region compared to sham controls. Some genes showed differences without multiple-comparison correction, but no consistent pattern emerged across exposure levels or modulations.
Roser K, Schoeni A, Röösli M · 2016
The HERMES study sample consisted of 439 Swiss adolescents aged 12–17 years. Researchers assessed behavioral problems with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and concentration capacity with a standardized computerized cognitive test named FAKT. Cross-sectional analyses showed behavioral problems associated with self-reported wireless device use but not operator-recorded mobile phone use, while concentration capacity was associated with both self-reported and operator-recorded exposures. Longitudinal analyses found no consistent associations between RF-EMF exposure measures and either outcome. The authors suggest information bias and reverse causality likely explain the cross-sectional findings.
Calvente I et al. · 2016
Medeiros LN, Sanchez TG. · 2016
Researchers performed a literature review using keywords including tinnitus, electromagnetic field, mobile phones, radio frequency, and electromagnetic hypersensitivity. They selected 165 articles considered clinically relevant to at least one of these subjects. The review notes that electromagnetic radiofrequency radiation can penetrate tissues and has proven thermogenic effects and potential biological and genotoxic effects. Some individuals are more sensitive to electromagnetic exposure, and there may be a common pathophysiology between this electrosensitivity and tinnitus. The authors state there are reasonable evidences to suggest caution for using mobile phones to prevent auditory damage and the onset or worsening of tinnitus.
Waldmann-Selsam C et al. · 2016
A long-term field monitoring study from 2006 to 2015 in Bamberg and Hallstadt, Germany, included 144 radiofrequency measurements at 1.5m height in streets and parks. Researchers selected 60 damaged trees, 30 randomly selected trees, and 30 trees in low-radiation areas. Measurements revealed significant differences in power flux density between the damaged side facing a phone mast and the opposite side, and between the exposed side of damaged trees and all other groups. Trees in low-radiation areas with no visual contact to phone masts and power flux density under 50μW/m2 showed no damage.
Paik MJ, Kim HS, Lee YS, Do Choi H, Pack JK, Kim N, Ahn YH · 2016
Researchers performed metabolomic analysis of urinary polyamines from rats exposed to 915 MHz RFID signals for 8 h/day for 2 weeks using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Total polyamine levels and eight specific polyamines decreased after both sham and RFID exposure compared to before exposure, while N(1)-acetylspermine increased significantly in both groups. N(1)-acetylspermine rose 54% after RFID exposure versus 17% in the sham group.
López-Furelos A et al. · 2016
Forty rats were divided into four groups of ten. Twenty-four hours after exposure, HSP 90 and HSP 70 levels differed between cerebral hemispheres at high SAR, while caspase-3 did not. In cerebellar hemispheres, single RF exposure at high SAR altered HSP 90, HSP 70, and caspase-3 compared with controls. The combined signals did not produce additive effects on absorbed energy or biological outcomes.
Boehmert C, Wiedemann P, Pye J, Croft R. · 2016
Researchers surveyed 298 university students after they read either a basic text about RF-EMFs or a text with precautionary information. Linear multiple regression with interactions showed that the effect of precautionary messages on threat perception varied with trait anxiety and gender. Precautionary information did not increase state anxiety compared to the basic text. Personal need for structure and personal fear of invalidity were mostly unrelated to the effects.
Akdag MZ et al. · 2016
The study used 16 adult male Wistar-Albino rats, with 8 exposed to 2.4 GHz radiation for over a year and 8 sham-exposed. DNA damage in brain, liver, kidney, skin, and testicular tissues was measured using the comet assay as percentage tail DNA. Percentage tail DNA increased in brain, kidney, liver, and skin of exposed rats but the increases were not statistically significant. In contrast, DNA damage in testicular tissue increased significantly (p < 0.01). The authors concluded that long-term 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi exposure does not cause DNA damage in the examined organs except testes, which appear more sensitive.
Houston BJ, Nixon B, King BV, De Iuliis GN, Aitken RJ. · 2016
The review examined 27 studies on RF-EMR effects on the male reproductive system. Eleven of 15 studies on sperm motility reported significant declines, all seven studies measuring ROS found elevated levels, and four of five studies on DNA damage reported increased damage. RF-EMR reduced antioxidant levels in all six studies that assessed them, and antioxidant supplementation ameliorated effects in all three studies that tested it.
Lai HC, Chan HW, Singh NP · 2016
Researchers exposed three human cancer cell lines to RFID microchip-emitted radiofrequency field for one hour. The radiofrequency energy effectively killed or retarded the growth of all three cancer cell types. The effect was blocked by pretreatment with a spin-trap compound or an iron chelator. An inactive microchip and external energy source had no significant effect on the cells.
