Sanchez S et al. · 2006
Researchers exposed five-week-old female hairless rats to GSM-900 or -1800 signals for 2 hours per day, 5 days a week, for 12 weeks. Skin thickness showed no significant difference between exposed and sham-exposed groups. Cellular proliferation measured by Ki-67 remained within normal range in exposed epidermis. Levels of filaggrin, collagen, and elastin did not differ significantly among groups.
Sanchez S et al. · 2006
Apoptosis was not induced in isolated cells and reconstructed epidermis thickness and proliferation were unchanged. No change in heat shock protein expression was observed in isolated keratinocytes. A slight but significant increase in Hsp70 expression was observed in reconstructed epidermis after 3 and 5 weeks of culture. Fibroblasts showed a significant decrease in Hsc70 depending on culture conditions.
Russo R et al. · 2006
The study tested 168 volunteers on three cognitive tasks: a simple reaction task, a vigilance task, and a subtraction task. Participants completed the tasks in two sessions, one with RF exposure (GSM or CW signals) and one with sham exposure. No significant effects of RF exposure on performance were found for either GSM or CW signals, regardless of phone position.
Remondini D et al. · 2006
Researchers exposed six human cell types to 900 and 1800 MHz microwaves and analyzed gene expression using whole-genome cDNA arrays. NB69 neuroblastoma cells, T lymphocytes, and CHME5 microglial cells did not show significant changes in gene expression. EA.hy926 endothelial cells, U937 lymphoblastoma cells, and HL-60 leukemia cells showed between 12 and 34 up- or down-regulated genes. The affected gene families did not indicate a stress response.
Regel SJ et al. · 2006
Researchers performed a controlled exposure experiment with 45-minute sessions at 0, 1, or 10 V/m in a randomized, double-blind crossover design with 117 healthy subjects including 33 self-reported sensitive and 84 nonsensitive subjects. In both groups, well-being and perceived field strength were not associated with actual exposure levels, and no consistent condition-induced changes in cognitive performance were observed except for two marginal effects. At 10 V/m a slight effect on speed in one of six tasks in sensitive subjects and an effect on accuracy in another task in nonsensitive subjects were observed, but both effects disappeared after multiple endpoint adjustment.
Radon K et al. · 2006
Researchers aimed to test the feasibility and reliability of personal dosimetry. They conducted a Twenty-four hour exposure assessment in 42 children, 57 adolescents, and 64 adults using the Maschek dosimeter prototype. Self-reported exposure to mobile phone frequencies were compared with the dosimetry results. The Maschek device and the Antennessa DSP-090 were compared in 40 subjects and showed moderate agreement (r(Spearman) = 0.35; P = .03). The authors concluded that personal dosimetry for exposure to mobile phone base station might be feasible in epidemiologic studies but the consistency seems to be moderate.
Qutob SS et al. · 2006
Researchers exposed U87MG glioblastoma cells to a 1.9 GHz pulse-modulated RF field for 4 hours at SARs of 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 W/kg to assess global gene expression. No evidence was found that non-thermal RF fields affect gene expression in these cells compared to nonirradiated controls. Heat shock at 43°C for 1 hour up-regulated typical stress-responsive genes in the positive control group.
Natarajan M et al. · 2006
Human Mono Mac 6 cells were exposed intermittently to pulsed EMF for 90 minutes with a pulse width of 0.79 ns and a repetition rate of 250 pps at 1 kV/cm. Cells exposed to the EMF showed a 3.5-fold increase in NFKB DNA-binding activity at 24 hours postexposure. No difference was found in NFKB-dependent gene expression profiles at 8 or 24 hours postexposure. Pulsed EMF exposure did not induce NFKB-driven luciferase activity, indicating the activation was functionally inactive.
Nasta F et al. · 2006
Nam KC, Kim SW, Kim SC, Kim DW · 2006
Nagaoka T et al. · 2006
Researchers had previously developed a whole-body numerical female model of an adult Japanese non-pregnant average figure. A new fetus model including inherent tissues of pregnant women was constructed based on abdominal MRI data of a 7-month pregnant woman. A whole-body pregnant woman model was developed by combining the new fetus and the female models. The anatomical details of the developed pregnant woman model and basic SAR characteristics for whole-body exposure to RF electromagnetic fields are demonstrated.
Muscat JE, Hinsvark M, Malkin M · 2006
Researchers analyzed time trends in age-adjusted incidence rates of adult neuronal cancers using SEER data from 1973 to 2002. The rates did not change during this period despite an exponential increase in mobile phone subscriptions starting in 1984. The results indicate that mobile phone use is unrelated to the risk of neuronal cancers.
Mora R, Crippa B, Mora F, Dellepiane M · 2006
The study measured transient evoked otoacoustic emission and auditory brainstem response in 20 healthy men before and after cell phone exposure. Exposure sessions lasted 15 to 30 minutes at 900 to 1,800 MHz. No significant changes in either measurement were observed throughout the study.
Mjøen G et al. · 2006
Merola P et al. · 2006
The study examined whether a modulated 900 MHz radiofrequency field at a specific absorption rate higher than the ICNIRP occupational reference level could alter cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in a neuroblastoma cell line. Cells were exposed for 24, 48, and 72 hours and tested using WST-I assay, molecular markers, caspase activation, and PARP cleavage detection. Combined exposures with retinoic acid and camptothecin were also tested to check for interference between the field and chemical agents. Overall, the data suggest that 900 MHz radiofrequency exposure up to 72 hours does not induce significant alterations in the three principal cell activities.
Masuda H et al. · 2006
Researchers exposed hairless female rats to GSM-900 or -1800 signals for 2 hours using a loop antenna on the back. The local specific absorption rate at skin level was about 5 W/kg. Skin thickness and cell toxicity did not differ between exposed and sham-exposed rats. Cell proliferation in the epidermis remained within normal range and no proliferation was seen in the dermis. Levels of filaggrin, collagen, and elastin were not significantly affected by the exposure.
Maby E, Jeannes Rle B, Faucon G · 2006
Researchers studied auditory evoked potentials in nine healthy subjects and six epileptic patients to determine localized effects of GSM microwaves. They used a support vector machine-based parameter selection method to estimate parameters most altered by radiofrequencies and computed the topography of modifications. Epileptic patients showed a lengthening of the N100 component in the frontal area contralateral to the radiation, while healthy subjects showed an amplitude increase of the P200 wave in the frontal area. The study suggests that radiofrequency fields emitted by mobile phones modify the AEP but found no direct link to RF-induced brain function damage.
Lonn S et al. · 2006
Researchers conducted a population-based case-control study in Denmark and certain parts of Sweden, enrolling 60 malignant parotid gland tumor cases, 112 benign pleomorphic adenoma cases, and 681 controls. For regular mobile phone use, the risk estimates were 0.7 (95% confidence interval: 0.4, 1.3) for malignant tumors and 0.9 (95% confidence interval: 0.5, 1.5) for benign tumors. Similar results were observed for more than 10 years of use, and the authors concluded that the data do not support an increased risk of parotid gland tumors from mobile phone use.
Lee JS, Huang TQ, Kim TH, Kim JY, Kim HJ, Pack JK, Seo JS. · 2006
Researchers exposed human T-lymphocyte Jurkat cells and rat primary astrocytes to 1763 MHz RF radiation at SARs of 2 or 20 W/kg for 30 minutes or 1 hour while temperature was completely controlled at 37 +/- 0.2 degrees C. No detectable difference was observed in the expression levels of HSP90, HSP70, and HSP27, and the phosphorylation status of MAPKs did not change significantly. When TPA alone was applied, MAPKs were phosphorylated in a dose-dependent manner, but RF radiation did not enhance TPA-induced MAPK phosphorylation, and neither TPA nor RF radiation affected HSP induction.
Lantow M, Viergutz T, Weiss DG, Simko M. · 2006
Researchers used human Mono Mac 6 cells and exposed them to a 1,800 MHz GSM-DTX signal at 2 W/kg SAR for 12 hours. They measured cell cycle kinetics, BrdU uptake, apoptosis, and necrosis using flow cytometry. No statistically significant differences were found in apoptosis, necrosis, cell cycle kinetics, or BrdU uptake between RF EMF-exposed cells and sham or incubator controls. Positive controls treated with gliotoxin and PMA showed significant increases in apoptosis and necrosis, and PMA caused a significant accumulation of cells in G0/G1 phase with a reduction in S-phase cells.
Lahkola A, Tokola K, Auvinen A. · 2006
Researchers conducted a meta-analysis of 12 studies with 2780 cases to assess mobile phone use and intracranial tumor risk. The pooled odds ratio for all intracranial tumors was 0.98 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.83 to 1.16. For gliomas the pooled odds ratio was 0.96, for meningiomas 0.87, and for acoustic neuromas 1.07. Little indication was found for increased risks from analogue or digital phone use or for temporal or occipital tumors. The evidence does not indicate a substantially increased risk of intracranial tumors from mobile phone use for at least 5 years.
Keow MA, Radiman S. · 2006
Researchers measured RF/MW levels emitted by the base stations. Measurements were performed at 200 sites around 47 mobile phone base stations. The RF/MW radiation from these base stations was well below the maximum exposure limits set by various agencies.
Joubert V et al. · 2006
Researchers exposed human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells to GSM-900 at 0.25 W/kg average SAR or continuous-wave 900 MHz at 2 W/kg SAR for 24 hours. No statistically significant difference in apoptosis rate was found between sham-exposed and microwave-exposed cells at either 0 or 24 hours post-exposure. Apoptosis rates were also comparable between sham, continuous-wave, 37°C, and 39°C exposed cells. Three assessment methods including DAPI staining, TUNEL/PI flow cytometry, and caspase-3 fluorimetry gave concordant results.
Hirose H et al. · 2006
Researchers conducted a large-scale in vitro study to test whether modulated RF fields from mobile radio base stations induce apoptosis or stress responses activating p53. Human glioblastoma A172 cells were exposed to W-CDMA radiation at SARs of 80, 250, and 800 mW/kg and CW radiation at 80 mW/kg for 24 or 48 hours, while human IMR-90 fibroblasts were exposed to both modulations at 80 mW/kg for 28 hours. No significant differences in apoptosis, phosphorylated p53 at serine 15, total p53, or downstream gene expression were found between exposed and sham-exposed cells.
Hepworth SJ et al. · 2006
Researchers conducted a case-control study with 966 glioma cases and 1716 controls to investigate the risk of glioma in relation to mobile phone use. The overall odds ratio for regular phone use was 0.94 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.78 to 1.13, indicating no increased risk. However, ipsilateral phone use was associated with a significant excess risk (odds ratio 1.24, 1.02 to 1.52) while contralateral use showed a significant reduction in risk (odds ratio 0.75, 0.61 to 0.93).
