Heikkinen et al. · 2006
RF radiation did not significantly affect mortality or organ-specific tumor incidence. The only significant difference was an increase in vascular tumors of the mesenteric lymph nodes in the high-RF group, but this was attributed to an unusually low rate in the sham group. Non-neoplastic findings showed isolated significant differences in lacrimal glands, lungs, liver, and skin, considered unrelated to RF radiation. The authors concluded that the results do not support co-carcinogenic effects of low-level long-term RF radiation exposure in rats.
Hamblin DL, Croft RJ, Wood AW, Stough C, Spong J. · 2006
Researchers tested 120 participants in a double-blind, counterbalanced, crossover design with two sessions one week apart. In both sessions, participants performed auditory and visual oddball tasks while EEG was recorded with a mobile phone set to sham exposure mounted over the temporal region, and then performed the same tasks while the handset was set to active or sham. No significant differences were found between exposure conditions for any ERP component or reaction time.
Finnie JW, Cai Z, Blumbergs PC, Manavis J, Kuchel TR. · 2006
Researchers exposed pregnant mice to 900 MHz fields at 4 W/kg for 60 minutes daily from gestation day 1 to 19. Control mice were sham-exposed or freely mobile without restraint. Fetal brains were examined for c-fos expression in multiple regions using immunohistochemistry. No difference in c-fos immunoreactivity was found between exposed and control fetal brains.
Finnie JW, Blumbergs PC, Cai Z, Manavis J, Kuchel TR. · 2006
Pregnant mice were exposed to 900 MHz radiofrequency fields at 4 W/kg for 60 minutes daily from gestational day 1 to day 19. Fetal brains were examined for albumin extravasation in multiple regions including cerebral cortex, thalamus, basal ganglia, hippocampus, cerebellum, midbrain and medulla. No albumin extravasation was found in exposed or control brains, indicating no increase in vascular permeability.
Chauhan V et al. · 2006
Researchers exposed HL-60 and MM6 cells to intermittent 1.9 GHz pulse-modulated RF fields at SARs of 1 and 10 W/kg for 6 hours. No significant changes in gene expression were found between sham-exposed and RF-exposed groups in either cell line. Positive heat-shock controls showed significant increases in HSP27, HSP70, c-fos, and c-jun at both time points.
Chauhan V et al. · 2006
Researchers exposed human lymphoblastoma TK6 cells to 1.9 GHz pulse-modulated RF fields at SARs of 1 and 10 W/kg. They assessed expression of proto-oncogenes FOS, JUN, and MYC using real-time RT-PCR. They also monitored transcript levels of the heat-shock proteins HSP27 and inducible HSP70. Transcript levels in RF-exposed cells showed no significant difference compared to sham-exposed cells. Positive heat-shock controls showed significant elevation of HSP27, HSP70, FOS, and JUN, and a decline in MYC mRNA.
Verschaeve L et al. · 2006
Researchers investigated combined genotoxic effects of 900 MHz radiofrequency fields and the drinking water mutagen MX in female rats over two years. MX induced DNA damage in rat brain but not in blood or liver cells. Co-exposure to RF fields and MX did not significantly increase DNA damage in blood, liver, or brain compared to MX alone. The study used alkaline comet assay and micronucleus tests on samples taken at multiple time points.
Stronati L et al. · 2006
The study used alkaline comet assay, metaphase analysis, micronucleus test, and nuclear division index to assess DNA strand breaks, chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges, micronuclei, and cell cycling speed. It comprehensively examined whether 24-hour continuous exposure to a 935 MHz GSM signal at 1 or 2 W/kg is genotoxic per se or can influence x-ray genotoxicity. Within the experimental parameters, no effect from the RFR signal was observed in any instance. The SAR values chosen were near the upper limit of energy absorption in localized tissue during cellular telephone use.
Sakuma N et al. · 2006
Researchers conducted a large-scale in vitro study to test whether modulated RF fields from mobile radio base stations act as a DNA damaging agent. Human glioblastoma A172 cells and normal human IMR-90 fibroblasts were exposed to 2.1425 GHz CW and W-CDMA radiation. A172 cells were exposed to W-CDMA at SARs of 80, 250, and 800 mW/kg and CW at 80 mW/kg for 2 and 24 hours, while IMR-90 cells were exposed to both modulations at 80 mW/kg for the same periods. No significant differences in DNA strand breaks were observed between exposed groups and sham controls using alkaline comet assays. The authors concluded that low-level exposures do not act as a genotoxicant up to a SAR of 800 mW/kg.
Maes A, Van Gorp U, Verschaeve L. · 2006
Researchers investigated cytogenetic effects in peripheral blood lymphocytes from subjects professionally exposed to mobile phone electromagnetic fields. The alkaline comet assay, sister chromatid exchange and chromosome aberration tests revealed no evidence of RFR-induced genetic effects. Blood cells were also exposed to mitomycin C to investigate possible combined effects of RFR and the chemical mutagen. No cooperative action was found between the electromagnetic field exposure and the mutagen using either the comet assay or SCE test.
Simkó M et al. · 2006
The study investigated Hsp70 expression and free radical release in human Mono Mac 6 cells exposed to ultrafine particles and radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. Ultrafine particle exposure increased free radical release by 40-45% above negative control, an effect stronger than heat treatment. Radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure alone did not change free radical levels. Combined exposure to RF and ultrafine particles did not enhance the particle effect on free radicals. Heat treatment increased Hsp70 expression in a time-dependent manner, while ultrafine particles, RF fields, or their combination had no effect on Hsp70.
Lantow M, Lupke M, Frahm J, Mattsson MO, Kuster N, Simko M. · 2006
The study investigated whether 1,800 MHz RF-EMF can induce ROS release or Hsp70 expression changes in human blood cells using various exposure conditions. PMA treatment significantly increased ROS production in both monocytes and lymphocytes compared to sham or incubator controls. GSM-DTX exposure at 2 W/kg produced a significant difference in monocyte ROS compared to sham, but this was attributed to lower ROS values in the sham condition, while lymphocytes showed no ROS changes. Hsp70 expression in monocytes did not differ after GSM-DTX exposure at 2 W/kg for 1 hour compared to incubator or sham controls at any post-exposure time point.
Lantow M, Schuderer J, Hartwig C, Simko M. · 2006
Heat and PMA treatment significantly increased superoxide radical anions and ROS production in Mono Mac 6 cells. No significant differences in free radical production were detected after RF EMF exposure compared to controls. The GSM-DTX signal at 2 W/kg showed a significant difference versus sham due to a decreasing sham value, but this difference disappeared when compared to incubator controls. No significant effects on HSP70 expression were detected after RF EMF exposures.
Túnez I et al. · 2006
Researchers investigated the effect of transcranial magnetic field stimulation on free radical production and neuronal cell loss caused by 3-nitropropionic acid in rats. 3-nitropropionic acid induced oxidative and nitrosative stress in the striatum and prompted cell loss. Transcranial magnetic stimulation prevented the harmful effects induced by the acid.
Zook BC,Simmens SJ. · 2006
Researchers exposed offspring of pregnant rats treated with ENU to pulsed RF signal for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week. The 1080 rats were randomized into pulsed RF, sham, and cage control groups. Postmortem examination found no effect of RF exposure on incidence, malignancy, volume, multiplicity, latency, or fatality of any neurogenic tumor.
Wood A, Loughran S, Stough C · 2006
In a double-blind cross-over study, 55 adult volunteers were exposed to mobile phone emissions for 30 minutes at 0.25 W average power or sham exposure on successive nights. Urine was collected before bed and upon waking, and melatonin output was estimated from 6-sulphatoxymelatonin concentrations, urine volume, and creatinine. Total melatonin metabolite output did not differ between active and sham exposure, but pre-bedtime output normalized to creatinine was significantly lower after active exposure.
Vrijheid M, Deltour I, Krewski D, Sanchez M, Cardis E. · 2006
The study used Monte Carlo simulations within the INTERPHONE study to examine how recall errors and selection bias affect case-control studies of mobile phone use and cancer. Results suggest that random recall errors of plausible levels can lead to a large underestimation of brain cancer risk, and random errors were found to have a larger impact than plausible systematic errors. Selection bias from underselecting unexposed controls produced J-shaped exposure-response patterns where risk appeared to decrease at low to moderate exposure levels.
Vrijheid M et al. · 2006
Vian A et al. · 2006
The study aimed to investigate how microwave irradiation affects gene expression in plants. Researchers used a carefully calibrated system that mimics environmental electromagnetic fields to measure changes in mRNA encoding a stress-related bZIP transcription factor. Exposure to low-amplitude, short-duration 900 MHz EMF evoked a rapid 3.5-fold accumulation of this mRNA, peaking 5–15 minutes after stimulation, similar to mechanical stimulation.
Vangelova K, Deyanov C, Israel M. · 2006
The study aimed to assess long-term effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation on the cardiovascular system. Researchers studied two exposed groups of broadcasting and TV station operators and a control group of radiorelay station operators matched by sex and age. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly higher in the exposed groups. Radiofrequency EMR exposure was associated with a greater chance of becoming hypertensive and dyslipidemic. The authors concluded that radiofrequency EMR contributes to adverse cardiovascular effects.
Salahaldin AH, Bener A. · 2006
Researchers reviewed all acoustic neuroma cases registered at Hamad Medical Corporation during 2004-2005 to describe the epidemiology in Qatar. They diagnosed 13 patients, 10 women with a median age of 55 years and 3 men with a median age of 49 years. Most patients used cell phones daily an average of 14 times per day for more than 5 years, while 3 patients used them excessively for more than 20 minutes per call more than five times daily. The total incidence rate was 17.2 per million population, which the authors concluded is slightly higher than in other countries.
Papageorgiou CC et al. · 2006
Exposure increased the amplitude of P50 evoked by low-frequency stimuli at the Fp1 and O1 electrode leads. Exposure decreased the amplitude of P50 evoked by high-frequency stimuli at the Fp1 electrode lead.
Oktay MF, Dasdag S · 2006
The study enrolled three groups of 20 men each: heavy users who spoke on a cellular phone for about two hours per day for four years, moderate users who used a phone for 10 to 20 minutes per day for four years, and a control group of men who had never used a cellular phone. In brainstem evoked response audiometry the I-III, III-V, and I-V interpeak latencies were evaluated. The BERA results showed no differences among the groups. Pure tone audiometry found no difference between moderate users and controls. Heavy users had significantly higher detection thresholds at 4000 Hz for both bone and air conduction in the right ear and at 500 Hz and 4000 Hz for bone and air conduction in the left ear.
Lopez-Martin E et al. · 2006
The study investigated effects of mobile-phone-type radiation on cerebral activity of seizure-prone animals. Rats pretreated with subconvulsive picrotoxin and exposed to 2 hours of GSM-modulated 900 MHz radiation suffered seizures and showed markedly increased c-Fos levels in neocortex, paleocortex, hippocampus and thalamus. Non-irradiated picrotoxin-treated rats did not suffer seizures and had significantly lower c-Fos counts. Radiation caused no such differences in rats not pretreated with picrotoxin.
Linet MS et al. · 2006
Researchers used a questionnaire to assess cellular telephone use in 551 non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases and 462 population controls. Compared to never users, the odds ratios for non-Hodgkin lymphoma were close to 1.0 for all categories of lifetime use, indicating no increased risk. The study also found little evidence linking cellular telephone use to specific non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes such as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma or follicular lymphoma. The authors noted that less than 5% of the population reported using cellular telephones for six or more years or for 200 or more cumulative hours.
