EMF Research Studies

Chronic exposure to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation improves cognition and synaptic plasticity impairment in vascular dementia model

Unknown authors · 2023

Terahertz waves regulate the mechanical unfolding of tau pre-mRNA hairpins

Zhang Q, Yang L, Wang K, Guo L, Ning H, Wang S, Gong Y · 2023

Researchers used steered molecular dynamics simulations to study how THz electromagnetic waves affect the mechanical unfolding of RNA hairpins. The results show that THz waves can promote unfolding during the initial phase at 4-21.8 THz, enhance structural stability at 23.8 and 25.5 THz, or weaken structural stability at 37.4 and 41.2 THz.

Impacts of Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Field (RF-EMF) on Lettuce (Lactuca sativa)—Evidence for RF-EMF Interference with Plant Stress Responses

Unknown authors · 2023

The study examined RF-EMF effects on lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in indoor and outdoor settings using DECT (1890–1900 MHz) and Wi-Fi (2.4 GHz and 5 GHz) frequencies. Under greenhouse conditions, RF-EMF had only a minor impact on fast chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics and did not affect flowering time. In field conditions, RF-EMF exposure significantly reduced photosynthetic efficiency, accelerated flowering, down-regulated VDE and ZEP genes, and lowered FV/FM and NPQ under light stress.

Pilot Study of the Long-Term Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation Exposure on the Mouse Brain

Unknown authors · 2023

Researchers exposed mice continuously for 16 weeks to 2.45 GHz RF radiation from a household Wi-Fi router and a laboratory device, comparing them to a sham-exposed group. Mice underwent behavioral tests including open-field and Y-maze before and after exposure, and brains were examined for histopathology and DNA methylation. Exposure increased locomotor activity but did not produce significant structural or morphological brain changes. Global DNA methylation was lower in exposed mice than in sham mice.

Long-term radiofrequency electromagnetic fields exposure attenuates cognitive dysfunction in 5×FAD mice by regulating microglial function

Son Y, Park H-J, Jeong YJ, Choi H-D, Kim N, Lee H-J · 2023

Researchers exposed 5×FAD mice to 1950 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields at 5 W/kg for two hours per day, five days per week, for six months. They conducted object recognition and Y-maze behavioral tests and analyzed amyloid precursor protein and amyloid-beta metabolism in brain tissue. Exposure for six months ameliorated cognitive impairment and amyloid-β deposition. Hippocampal expression of Iba1 and CSF1R was significantly reduced in exposed mice compared with sham-exposed mice. Both radiofrequency electromagnetic fields and a CSF1R inhibitor suppressed genes related to microgliosis and pro-inflammatory interleukin-1β.

Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation on Neuropeptide Transcript Levels in the Synganglion of Ixodes ricinus

Unknown authors · 2023

Evaluation of DNA Methylation Profiles of LINE-1, Alu and Ribosomal DNA Repeats in Human Cell Lines Exposed to Radiofrequency Radiation

Unknown authors · 2023

Researchers analysed DNA methylation profiles of cervical cancer and neuroblastoma cell lines exposed to 900 MHz GSM-modulated radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. Radiofrequency exposure did not affect the DNA methylation of Alu elements in any of the cell lines analysed. It influenced DNA methylation of LINE-1 and ribosomal repeats in terms of average profiles and organisation of methylated and unmethylated CpG sites, in different ways in each of the three cell lines studied.

Single and combined neurotoxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of 5 GHz MIMO waves and computed tomography irradiation in male Wistar rats

Unknown authors · 2023

CT irradiation had gross effects on platelets, white blood cell counts, memory, hepatic and testicular histoarchitectures compared to the 5 GHz-only group. The 5 GHz-only group showed loss of p53 (exons 5–7) gene bands and increased micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte count.

Effects of prenatal mobile phone radiation exposure on MMP9 expression: Implications for inflammation, oxidative stress, and sensory-motor impairment after neonatal hypoxia- ischemia in rats

Khayat S, Fanaei H, Lakzaee N · 2023

Pregnant Wistar rats were randomly assigned to RF radiation exposure or no exposure, and their male offspring were later allocated to sham, exposure-only, hypoxia-ischemia, or combined hypoxia-ischemia and exposure groups. MMP-9 mRNA expression was significantly higher in the combined hypoxia-ischemia and exposure group than in the hypoxia-ischemia, sham, or exposure-only groups. The combined exposure group also showed higher TNF-α and total oxidant capacity but lower total antioxidant capacity compared with the other groups. Cerebral edema and infarct volume were greater in the combined group than in the hypoxia-ischemia group, and sensory-motor function was weaker in the combined group.

A Comparative Evaluation of the Genotoxic Effects of Mobile Phone Radiation Using Buccal Micronucleus Assay

Unknown authors · 2023

Fifty mobile phone users aged 20–38 provided buccal cell samples from both cheeks, yielding 100 samples. Each sample of 1000 cells was stained with Feulgen and Papanicolaou methods and scored for micronuclei. Mean micronucleus counts were similar between exposed and non-exposed mucosa for both staining methods, and the differences were not statistically significant. Micronucleus frequency was 5- to 6-fold higher with non-specific DNA staining than with DNA-specific staining. No significant associations were found between micronucleus frequency and age, gender, BMI, or phone usage habits.

Analysis of global DNA methylation changes in human keratinocytes immediately following exposure to a 900 MHz radiofrequency field

Unknown authors · 2023

Human keratinocytes were exposed to 900 MHz RF-EMF for 1 hour at a low dose rate (SAR < 10 mW/kg) using a custom system that maintained 37°C, 5% CO2, and 95% humidity. Whole genome bisulfite sequencing was performed directly following exposure to examine immediate changes in DNA methylation patterns and identify early differentially methylated genes. Correlating gene expression with methylation data identified six common targets that were both differentially methylated and differentially expressed, suggesting a potential epigenetic role in the cellular response and that these targets may serve as biomarkers for immediate RF-EMF response.

Immunomodulatory role of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation in human leukemiamonocytic cell line

Yadav H, Singh R · 2023

Effect of WiFi signal exposure in utero and early life on neurodevelopment and behaviors of rats

Wu H et al. · 2023

Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields from Mobile Phones and Fructose consumption Coalesce to Perturb Metabolic Regulators AMPK/SIRT1-UCP2/FOXO1 in Growing Rats

Unknown authors · 2023

Weaned Wistar rats were divided into four groups and exposed to EMF (1,760 MHz, 2 h/day) and/or 15% fructose solution for 8 weeks. In the hypothalamic tissue of the combined exposure group, expressions of SIRT1, FOXO1, p-PI3K, p-AKT, Complex III, UCP2, MnSOD, and catalase and activities of OXPHOS and GSH were significantly decreased compared to the normal, EMF-only, and fructose-only groups. In hepatic tissue of the combined exposure group, expressions of p-AMPKα, SIRT1, FOXO1, IRS1, p-PI3K, Complex I, II, III, IV, V, UCP2, and MnSOD and activities of OXPHOS, SOD, catalase, and GSH were significantly reduced compared to the normal group.

The HL-60 human promyelocytic cell line constitutes an effective in vitro model for evaluating toxicity, oxidative stress and necrosis/apoptosis after exposure to black carbon particles and 2.45 GHz radio frequency

Unknown authors · 2023

RF and BC induced moderately significant cell damage at 8 or 24 hours and much greater damage after 48 hours and higher BC dose, and an antiproliferative effect increased with exposure time and dose. Oxidative stress and ROS production increased with radiation time, BC dose, and their combination. Both radiation and BC separately and jointly triggered necrosis and apoptosis, with BCL2a gene expression activated after 24 hours and FASR and caspase-3 activation after 48 hours.

Acute radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation exposure impairs neurogenesis and causes neuronal DNA damage in the young rat brain

Unknown authors · 2023

Researchers exposed 5-week-old male Wistar rats to a 2115 MHz RF-EMR signal at 1.51 W/kg SAR for 8 hours. Exposed rats showed higher lipid peroxidation, carbon-centered lipid radicals, and single-strand DNA damage in the brain. The number of BrdU-positive cells in the dentate gyrus decreased, indicating reduced neurogenesis. RF-EMR exposure caused degenerative changes and neuronal loss in dentate gyrus neurons but not in CA3, CA1, or cerebral cortex neurons.

Evaluation of oxidative stress and genotoxicity of 900 MHz electromagnetic radiations using Trigonella foenum-graecum test system

Unknown authors · 2023

Myocardial capacity of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in response to prolonged electromagnetic stress

Unknown authors · 2023

Exposure significantly increased cardiac protein expression of mitochondrial Complex I, II, III, and IV subunits, while Complex V expression remained stable. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity was modified in exposed mice. Oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzyme SOD2 were unchanged, and no structural or functional heart abnormalities were found.

Sci Rep 13(1):17806, 2023

Unknown authors · 2023

Protective role of hispolon and its derivatives against apoptosis in cortical neurons induced by electromagnetic radiation from 4G mobile phone

Saka VP, Chitra V, Narayanasamy D · 2023

Researchers exposed primary cortical neurons from neonatal rats to electromagnetic radiation from a mobile phone at 2100 MHz and 1.6 W/kg SAR for two hours. The study assessed the induction of apoptosis through modulation of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes via a mitochondrial pathway. Pyrazole derivatives reduced apoptosis by lowering reactive oxygen species and modulating apoptotic gene levels. The compounds showed antioxidative and anti-apoptotic properties.

Sirtuin 3 controls cardiac energetics and protects against oxidative stress in electromagnetic radiation-induced cardiomyopathy

Niu T et al. · 2023

Researchers found that Sirt3 protein expression was down-regulated in a mouse model of electromagnetic radiation-induced cardiomyopathy. Sirt3 knockout markedly exaggerated decreases in cardiac energetics and increases in oxidative stress in microwave-irradiated mice. Cardiac-specific SIRT3 overexpression protected the hearts from these effects and rescued cardiac malfunction. Sirt3 maintained the AMPK signaling pathway in microwave-irradiated hearts in vivo.

Exercise ameliorates hippocampal damage induced by Wi-Fi radiation; a biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical study

Unknown authors · 2023

Researchers divided adult male albino rats into four groups: control, exercise, Wi-Fi exposure, and exercise plus Wi-Fi exposure. Wi-Fi exposure increased oxidative enzymes, decreased antioxidant enzymes, caused neuronal degeneration, and reduced PCNA and ZO-1 immunoreactivity in the hippocampus. Physical exercise alleviated these Wi-Fi-induced changes.

Physiological and Psychological Stress of Microwave Radiation-Induced Cardiac Injury in Rats

Li et al. · 2023

Pre and postnatal exposure to 900 MHz electromagnetic fields induce inflammation and oxidative stress, and alter renin- angiotensin system components differently in male and female offsprings

Kilic A, Ustunova S, Bulut H, Meral I · 2023

Researchers exposed male and female Wistar albino offspring to 900 MHz EMF for one hour per day during prenatal (23 days) and/or postnatal (40 days) periods and collected brain and kidney tissues at puberty. In all exposed groups, total oxidant status, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α rose while total antioxidant status fell in both sexes' brain and kidney tissues. Renin-angiotensin system components including angiotensinogen, renin, AT1, AT2, and MAS1-like receptor expression were also elevated in all exposed groups compared with controls.

Effects of Exposure to Radiofrequency at 2.45 GHz on Structural Changes Associated with Lipid Peroxidation in Prepubertal Rat Testicular Tissue

Unknown authors · 2023

The study used prepubertal male rats exposed to 2.45 GHz RF radiation at varying electric field intensities. The exposure groups included electric field strengths of 0.6, 1.9, 5, 10, and 15 V/m, with daily 1-hour exposures for 45 days. Exposed rats showed elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased glutathione (GSH) levels in testicular tissue. Histological analysis revealed distinct alterations in testicular tissue compared to controls.