Xu C, Feng S, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Wei S · 2021
Researchers grew wild-type Arabidopsis and cry1/cry2 double mutants in a near-null magnetic field under blue light to test the role of cryptochrome in fruit growth. Fruit growth was suppressed in wild-type plants but not in the cry1/cry2 mutants under the near-null magnetic field. Gibberellin levels (GA4, GA9, GA34, GA51) were significantly lower in wild-type fruits under near-null magnetic field compared to geomagnetic controls, but unchanged in mutants. Expression of GA20ox and GA3ox genes was downregulated in wild-type fruits but not in mutants, while GA2ox and GA signaling genes were unaffected.
Unknown authors · 2021
Unknown authors · 2021
PEMF treatment of cumulus cells at 30 µT for three hours increased cell viability, proliferation, and expression of OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, P53, CCNB1, and GPX while decreasing DNMT1, DNMT3a, GSK3b, and BAX, and PEMF treatment of SCNT embryos at the start of culture raised the blastocyst rate from 42.8% to 51.4% and lowered the apoptotic index to IVF levels without changing total cell number or inner cell mass to trophectoderm ratio. In blastocysts, the treatment up-regulated NANOG, SOX2, CDX2, GLUT1, P53, and BCL2 and down-regulated BAX, CASPASE3, GSK3b, and HSP70 while leaving OCT4, DNMT1, DNMT3a, DNMT3b, HDAC1, and CCNB1 unchanged, and it increased global H3K27me3 without affecting H3K18ac.
Mustafa E, Luukkonen J, Makkonen J, Naarala J · 2021
The researchers investigated the effects of 50 Hz extremely low-frequency magnetic fields on circadian gene expression, DNA damage signaling, and DNA repair after bleomycin treatment. Murine FDC-P1 hematopoietic cells were exposed to 200 μT magnetic fields for 15 minutes, 2 hours, 12 hours, or 24 hours. Immediate DNA damage was measured with a comet assay and circadian rhythm gene expression with real-time PCR. Circadian rhythm-related genes were upregulated after 12 hours and downregulated after 24 hours of exposure, but core circadian genes were not affected. The repair rate for bleomycin-induced DNA damage decreased only after 24 hours of magnetic field exposure.
Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers exposed human gastric adenocarcinoma cells (AGS) and normal fibroblasts (Hu02) to discontinuous magnetic flux densities of 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 millitesla for 18 hours. Cell viability was measured with an MTT assay and gene expression was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Tumor cell viability decreased while normal cell viability increased, and NOTCH1 was down-regulated in tumor cells and up-regulated in normal cells at all flux densities. The expression changes of NOTCH1 depended on the magnetic flux density.
Lv Y, Chen S, Zhu B, Xu H, Xu S, Liu W, Shen Y, Zeng Q · 2021
Human amnion epithelial cells (FLs), human skin fibroblast cells (HSFs), and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to 50 Hz ELF-MF at 0.4, 1, and 2 mT for 15 min, 1 h, and 24 h, respectively. After exposure, cells were subjected to γ H2AX immunofluorescence and western blot. The results showed no significant difference in the average number of foci per cell, the percentage of γ H2AX foci-positive cells, or the expression of γ H2AX between the sham and 50 Hz ELF-MF exposure groups ( P > 0.05).
Jeong H, Jo Y, Yoon M, Hong S · 2021
Researchers exposed human glioblastoma cells and normal HaCaT cells to tumor-treating fields at 120 kHz and 1.2 V/cm after arresting the cell cycle with thymidine. In contrast, thymidine-treated cells did not show changes in colony formation, apoptosis, DNA damage, or gene expression.
Unknown authors · 2021
Int J Mol Sci 22(12):6438, 2021 · 2021
Researchers fabricated piezoelectric scaffolds by coating PCL-TCP films with PVDF using a modified breath-figure technique. They studied the osteoinductive properties of these scaffolds on MC3T3-E1 cells under PEMF stimulation. PEMF at 0.6 mT and 50 Hz significantly enhanced cell proliferation. PVDF coating significantly enhanced cell mineralization. The combination of PEMF and PVDF coating most significantly promoted late osteogenic gene expression.
Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers exposed T98 and A172 glioblastoma cells to 50 Hz, 70 G electromagnetic fields combined with temozolomide. The combination enhanced cell death and decreased migration potential in both cell lines. The treatment also increased p53 gene expression, decreased cyclin-D1 protein, and led to MGMT protein expression in T98 cells but not in A172 cells.
Unknown authors · 2021
Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers screened 22 ELF-PEMFs and identified two fields, A and B, with similar fundamental frequencies but different pulse patterns that diversely affected macrophage function. Macrophages exposed to field A showed pro-inflammatory markers such as increased phospho-Stat1, CD86, ROS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Macrophages exposed to field B showed anti-inflammatory and pro-healing markers including increased Arginase I, anti-inflammatory cytokines, and growth factors. Conditioned medium from field B-exposed macrophages enhanced stem cell migration more strongly than field A and stimulated extracellular matrix gene expression in stem cells.
Unknown authors · 2021
Choriocarcinoma cells migrated cathodally in an applied electric field. Electric field stimulation caused G2/M arrest and reduced cellular proliferation. Transcriptome analysis at 150 mV/mm using RNA sequencing revealed significant alterations in ErbB and HIF-1 signaling pathways. Downstream AKT and ERK1/2 pathways showed primary activation, and the RNA sequencing results were verified by reverse transcription quantitative PCR.
Bai W, Li M, Xu W, Zhang M · 2021
Researchers obtained neural stem cells from rat hippocampus and exposed them to a low-frequency field (5 m T, 50 Hz, 30 min daily) or a high-frequency field (maximum magnetic induction 2.5 T, 40 % MO, 50 Hz, 10 min daily) with a no-field control. Low-frequency EMF also yielded the highest proportion of Tuj-1-positive cells and Tuj-1 mRNA expression, while GFAP-positive cells and GFAP mRNA did not differ among groups. The authors concluded that both EMF types promote proliferation in vitro and that low-frequency EMF accelerates differentiation into neurons.
Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers isolated spermatogonial stem cells and Sertoli cells from neonate mouse testes. The stem cells were exposed to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields at 2.5 mT for one hour daily over five days and then treated with exosomes from pre-pubertal Sertoli cells. Electromagnetic field exposure increased reactive oxygen species, reduced catalase expression, cell viability, and colonization, and increased apoptosis and Caspase-3 expression while decreasing GFRα1 expression. Sertoli-derived exosomes significantly improved these adverse effects by regulating oxidative stress.
Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers compared the impact of different EMF flux densities in human leukemic THP1 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy donors. ROS levels increased in THP1 cells stimulated with LPS after one hour of EMF exposure, weak EMF mitigated NAD(P)H depletion in THP1, and neither effect occurred in PBMC. Transcriptional analysis revealed elevation of anti-oxidative enzymes PRDX6 (2-fold) and DHCR24 (6-fold) in THP1, and a 6-fold increase in IL10 expression indicating anti-inflammatory effects. THP1 responded to weak EMF, while PBMC were primarily affected by strong EMF with severe cellular stress and enhanced apoptosis indicated by HSP70 and caspase 3.
Khoshbakht S et al. · 2021
Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: CONT (control), EM group (2100 MHZ), EM/SE group (2100 MHZ + selenium (0.2 mg/kg)), and SE group (selenium 0.2 mg/kg). EMF exposure significantly reduced serum LH, FSH, GnRH, testosterone, sperm count, germinal epithelium thickness, and seminiferous tubule diameter, while increasing serum leptin, sperm abnormality, aromatase, apoptotic cells, and leptin receptor. Selenium co-administration increased sperm count, germinal epithelium thickness, seminiferous diameters, and hormone levels, and decreased sperm abnormality, leptin receptor, and apoptotic cells compared with EMF alone.
Unknown authors · 2021
Zou L et al. · 2021
The study recruited 266 students who underwent MRI scanning. VBM analysis showed that grey matter volume in the anterior cingulate gyrus and right fusiform gyrus was inversely correlated with problematic mobile phone use. TBSS analysis found that fractional anisotropy in the body of the corpus callosum was negatively correlated with problematic mobile phone use. The grey matter volume of the anterior cingulate gyrus moderated the relationship between problematic mobile phone use and depressive symptoms, and increased volume could reduce that relationship.
Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers exposed primary hippocampal neurons from C57BL/6 mice and Neuro2a cells to 1,800 MHz RF-EMR at a specific absorption rate (SAR) value of 4 W/kg for 48 h. Exposure to 1,800 MHz RF-EMR for 24, 48, and 72 h at 4 W/kg did not influence cell viability. The neurite length, primary and secondary neurite numbers, and branch points of primary mouse hippocampal neurons were significantly impaired by 48-h RF-EMR exposure. The neurite-bearing cell percentage and neurite length of Neuro2a cells were also inhibited by 48-h RF-EMR exposure.
Yang L, Zhang C, Chen Z, Li C, Wu T · 2021
Exposure experiments were conducted using the LTE signal. Subjects were divided into sham and real exposure groups. Participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging before and after exposure. Acute LTE exposure beneath the safety limits modulated both the functional connection and graph-based properties. SAR averaged over a certain tissue mass was not an appropriate metric to characterize the effect of functional activity.
Unknown authors · 2021
The study examined the effects of cellular radiation on male and female mice, assessing anxiety, spatial memory, and general well-being. Radiation alone did not significantly change anxiety levels or spatial/visual memory. In mice with mild traumatic brain injury, radiation improved visual memory in both sexes but worsened spatial memory in females.
Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers exposed primary human brain cultures at day 7 to 64 MHz electromagnetic fields for one hour daily over 14 days. This treatment significantly lowered secreted Aβ40 and Aβ42 peptide levels compared to untreated cultures. Similar reductions were also observed with one or two hours of daily exposure over 14 days, and with 4 or 8 days of exposure in cultures at a later stage. The minimum specific absorption rate needed for a biological effect was 0.4 W/kg. Exposure did not cause cellular toxicity or change sAPPα levels, indicating the Aβ reduction was not due to a shift to the α-secretase pathway.
Liu L et al. · 2021
Researchers exposed mice to 2.4-GHz EMR modulated by 100-Hz square pulses at a nonthermal output level. This exposure markedly increased wakefulness time in the mice. The mice also showed decreased time in nonrapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Unmodulated 2.4-GHz EMR at the same time-averaged output level had little impact on mouse sleep.
Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers exposed female mice to 20 kHz, 360 μT magnetic fields or sham continuously from 3 months of age in a blind design. Body mass development and survival rates did not differ between groups. Tumor incidence rates also showed no significant differences. The 8-arm maze test revealed no significant differences, but exposed mice had longer retention times on the Rotarod test. In the open field test, exposed mice had significantly fewer supported rears.
